Chapter 15 - Scalp care, Shampooing & Conditioning

Hair that has been lightened, colored, or permed undergoes a chemical process that alters its natural state. This chemical treatment changes the structure and composition of the hair, making it different from normal hair. Therefore, hair that has been lightened, colored, or permed is categorized as chemically treated.

Excessive scalp oiliness is caused by overactive sebaceous glands. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, which is a natural oil that helps to moisturize and protect the scalp and hair. However, when these glands become overactive, they produce an excessive amount of sebum, leading to oily scalp. This can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, genetics, stress, and certain medications. It is important to manage scalp oiliness through proper hair care and hygiene to prevent issues like greasy hair, dandruff, and scalp infections.

The shampoo service includes a scalp massage, shampooing, and conditioning. However, it does not include a hot towel application.

Shampooing a client's hair should not be done if they have scalp abrasions. Scalp abrasions are open wounds or cuts on the scalp, and shampooing can cause further irritation and discomfort. It is important to avoid aggravating the abrasions and allow them to heal properly before shampooing the hair.

Warm water should be used to rinse the shampoo out of a client's hair. Warm water helps to open up the hair cuticles, allowing the shampoo to effectively clean the hair and scalp. It also helps to remove any dirt, oil, and product buildup. Using warm water ensures that the hair is thoroughly cleansed and ready for conditioning or further styling.

Oily hair needs to be shampooed more often than normal hair because the excess oil produced by the scalp can make the hair look greasy and dirty. Shampooing helps to remove the oil and refresh the hair. Normal hair, on the other hand, does not produce as much oil, so it does not need to be shampooed as frequently.

The correct answer is "As often as necessary to remove dirt, oils & product buildup". This answer acknowledges that the frequency of shampooing hair depends on individual needs and varies from person to person. Some people may need to shampoo their hair daily due to oily scalp or regular exposure to dirt and pollutants, while others may only need to shampoo once a week if they have dry hair or less buildup. Therefore, the frequency of shampooing should be determined by the need to remove dirt, oils, and product buildup from the hair.

Cleanliness and stimulation are the two basic requirements for a healthy scalp. Cleanliness ensures that the scalp is free from dirt, oil, and other impurities that can clog the hair follicles and lead to issues like dandruff or scalp infections. Stimulation, on the other hand, improves blood circulation to the scalp, which nourishes the hair follicles and promotes healthy hair growth. Massaging the scalp or using products that stimulate the scalp can help in achieving this. Therefore, maintaining cleanliness and providing regular stimulation are essential for a healthy scalp.

Sebum is not a common cause of dry scalp because sebum is the natural oil produced by the scalp to moisturize and protect the hair and scalp. Dry scalp occurs when there is a lack of moisture in the scalp, which can be caused by factors such as chemicals, sun exposure, and harsh soaps.

A wide-toothed comb is the best tool to detangle wet hair after shampooing because it allows for gentle and easy combing without causing breakage or damage to the hair. The wide gaps between the teeth of the comb prevent hair from getting caught and pulled, making it ideal for wet hair which is more prone to breakage. Additionally, the comb helps to evenly distribute conditioner or other hair products throughout the hair while detangling, resulting in smoother and more manageable hair.

If a client requests a dry scalp treatment and you notice that he or she has reddened scalp irritations, it is important to refer the client to a physician. Reddened scalp irritations could be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, such as an infection or dermatitis. A physician will be able to properly diagnose the issue and provide appropriate treatment. Applying an antibacterial ointment or using a gentle shampoo and conditioner may not address the root cause of the problem and could potentially worsen the condition. Recommending an oily scalp treatment instead may also not be suitable for the client's specific condition.

Water is classified as a universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. This is due to its unique molecular structure, which allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. These hydrogen bonds break apart the solute particles and surround them, allowing them to be dispersed evenly throughout the water. Water's polarity and high dielectric constant also contribute to its effectiveness as a solvent. As a result, water is able to dissolve many different types of solutes, making it a universal solvent.

Shampoo products are the most widely purchased of all hair care products because they are essential for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene of the hair. Shampoo helps to remove dirt, oil, and product buildup from the scalp and hair, leaving them clean and refreshed. It is a basic necessity for hair care and is used by people of all ages and hair types. Conditioning products, hair gels, and semipermanent haircolor are also commonly used, but they are not as universally used or necessary as shampoo.

When performing a scalp massage, it is important to maintain contact with the head at all times. This ensures that the massage is continuous and uninterrupted, allowing for a more relaxing and effective experience for the recipient. By keeping contact with the head, the massage therapist can also better gauge the pressure and adjust accordingly to provide the right amount of stimulation and comfort. This also helps to create a sense of trust and safety for the client, enhancing the overall massage experience.

A shampoo with a pH of 6 closely matches the ideal pH of hair. The ideal pH of hair is slightly acidic, ranging from 4.5 to 5.5. Shampoos with a pH close to this range help to maintain the natural acidity of the hair, which is important for its health and appearance. A pH of 6 is slightly higher than the ideal range, but it is still considered suitable for hair care as it is not too alkaline or harsh on the hair.

The more alkaline the shampoo, the stronger and harsher it is. This is because alkaline substances have a higher pH level, which means they are more basic and less acidic. Shampoos with a higher alkaline pH can strip away natural oils and moisture from the hair, leading to dryness and damage. Therefore, a shampoo with a higher alkaline pH is considered stronger and harsher on the hair.

Strengthening shampoo is designed to repair damaged and brittle hair. It contains ingredients that help to strengthen the hair shaft and prevent breakage. This type of shampoo typically contains proteins and vitamins that nourish and fortify the hair, making it stronger and less prone to damage. By using a strengthening shampoo regularly, damaged and brittle hair can become healthier and more resilient.

When shampooing a client's hair, it is important to begin at the hairline. This is because the hairline is the area where the most oil, dirt, and product buildup tends to accumulate. By starting at the hairline, you can effectively cleanse this area and ensure that the client's hair is thoroughly cleaned. Additionally, starting at the hairline allows for a more systematic and organized approach to shampooing the rest of the hair.

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and tropical lotions contain antifungal agents. This is because dandruff is often caused by a fungal infection on the scalp, specifically a yeast called Malassezia. Antifungal agents help to eliminate this yeast and reduce dandruff symptoms. Antibacterial agents would not be effective against dandruff caused by fungi, and antiparasitic and antiviral agents are not typically used in the treatment of dandruff.

A conditioning shampoo is designed to make hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve its manageability. It contains ingredients that provide moisture and nourishment to the hair, helping to reduce frizz and tangles. Conditioning shampoos often contain ingredients like oils, proteins, and vitamins that help to repair and strengthen the hair, leaving it soft, silky, and easier to style.

The oil-attracting tail of a surfactant molecule is termed "lipophilic" because it has an affinity for oil or other nonpolar substances. This means that the tail is hydrophobic, or repels water, and is attracted to and soluble in lipids or oils. This property allows surfactants to interact with both water and oil, making them effective at reducing surface tension and allowing oil and water to mix.

If the water for a salon comes from a well, it is most likely hard water. Hard water contains a high concentration of minerals, such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals can cause issues like dryness, buildup on hair and skin, and can make it difficult for soaps and shampoos to lather effectively.

Hair brushing helps remove dust and dirt from the hair by loosening and detangling the strands, making it easier to wash them away. It also stimulates blood circulation to the scalp, promoting hair growth and overall scalp health. Additionally, brushing can distribute natural oils from the scalp to the ends of the hair, giving it added shine. However, preparing the hair for a bleach lightening service involves different steps such as applying protective products and sectioning the hair, which are not directly related to brushing.

Filtration is the correct answer because it is the process in which water passes through a porous substance, such as a filter, to remove suspended materials. This method is commonly used in water treatment plants to remove particles, debris, and impurities from the water, resulting in cleaner and clearer water. Sedimentation is the process of settling suspended particles in water, distillation is the process of separating liquids through vaporization and condensation, and chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to water to disinfect it.

A humectant is a substance that absorbs moisture or promotes the retention of moisture. It is commonly used in skincare and haircare products to hydrate and moisturize the skin or hair. Humectants work by attracting water molecules from the environment and binding them to the skin or hair, helping to keep them hydrated and preventing dryness. They are often used in products such as moisturizers, conditioners, and serums to provide long-lasting hydration and improve the overall moisture balance of the skin or hair.

The hydrophilic end of a surfactant molecule is considered the water-attracting head because it has an affinity for water molecules. Surfactants are molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, allowing them to interact with both water and oil. The hydrophilic head is typically charged or polar, making it soluble in water and capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This property allows surfactants to lower the surface tension of water and facilitate the mixing of water with other substances, such as oils.

The overlapping layers or scales of natural bristle brushes are used to clean and add luster to the hair. The bristles of the brush help to remove dirt, dust, and product buildup from the hair, leaving it clean and shiny. The overlapping scales of the bristles also help to distribute the natural oils from the scalp throughout the hair, adding moisture and enhancing its natural shine.

The list of ingredients is the key to determining which shampoo will leave the client's hair shiny and manageable. This is because different ingredients have different effects on the hair. For example, certain ingredients like oils or silicones can help to add shine and manageability to the hair. By looking at the list of ingredients, one can determine if the shampoo contains these beneficial ingredients and choose accordingly. Personal preference, manufacturer's directions, and personal recommendation may also play a role, but ultimately it is the ingredients that have the most direct impact on the outcome of the shampoo.

Distillation is often used in the manufacturing of cosmetics as a water treatment process. Distillation involves heating the water to create steam, which is then cooled and condensed back into liquid form. This process helps to remove impurities and contaminants from the water, ensuring that it is clean and pure. In the manufacturing of cosmetics, it is important to use purified water to maintain the quality and safety of the products. Distillation is an effective method for achieving this purification.

Neutralizing shampoo is used to help return hair to the correct pH after a chemical interaction. Chemical treatments such as coloring, perming, or relaxing can alter the pH balance of the hair, making it more acidic or alkaline. Neutralizing shampoo contains ingredients that help restore the hair's natural pH level by neutralizing any residual chemicals left on the hair after the treatment. This helps to maintain the health and integrity of the hair, preventing damage and promoting shine and manageability.

A general scalp treatment is performed to maintain the scalp and hair in a clean and healthy condition. This treatment involves cleansing the scalp to remove dirt, oil, and product buildup, which can lead to scalp issues such as dandruff or dryness. It also helps to improve blood circulation in the scalp, which promotes hair growth. Additionally, a scalp treatment can help to balance the scalp's pH levels and nourish the hair follicles, resulting in healthier and stronger hair.

The main difference between massage for relaxation and massage done in conjunction with a treatment is the products used. In a relaxation massage, typically oils or lotions are used to enhance the soothing and calming effects of the massage. On the other hand, in a massage done in conjunction with a treatment, specific products may be used to target a particular issue or condition, such as muscle soreness or inflammation. These products may include creams, gels, or essential oils that have therapeutic properties to aid in the treatment process.

A scalp astringent lotion is used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp. It helps to cleanse the scalp and remove excess oil, which can lead to greasy hair and scalp problems. The astringent properties of the lotion help to tighten the pores on the scalp, reducing oil production and promoting a healthier scalp environment. Regular use of a scalp astringent lotion can help to balance the scalp's oil levels and prevent buildup, leaving the hair and scalp feeling refreshed and clean.

Keeping your shoulders back is the most important rule regarding posture when performing a shampoo. This is because maintaining proper shoulder alignment helps to prevent strain and tension in the neck, shoulders, and upper back. It also promotes good posture and prevents slouching, which can lead to musculoskeletal issues over time. By keeping the shoulders back, the shampooer can ensure a comfortable and ergonomic position while performing the task.

Conditioner is a type of product that is applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer. It helps to improve the texture and appearance of the hair by providing hydration and nourishment. Conditioner is typically used after shampooing to replenish moisture and nutrients that may have been stripped away during the cleansing process. It helps to make the hair softer, smoother, and more manageable.

A treatment conditioner is a deep, penetrating conditioner that restores protein and moisture to the hair. Unlike regular conditioners, which primarily focus on detangling and softening the hair, a treatment conditioner goes beyond the surface level to repair and nourish the hair from within. It is designed to address specific hair concerns such as damage, dryness, or breakage, and typically requires a longer application time for maximum effectiveness. By using a treatment conditioner, individuals can improve the overall health and appearance of their hair by replenishing essential nutrients and strengthening the hair strands.

The first step of the post-service procedure is to determine whether the client is satisfied. This is important because it allows the service provider to assess the client's level of satisfaction and address any concerns or issues that may have arisen during the service. By determining client satisfaction, the service provider can ensure that the client's needs and expectations have been met, and take appropriate action if necessary. Advising the client about proper at-home maintenance, scheduling the next appointment, and recommending home care products are all important steps in the post-service procedure, but they come after determining client satisfaction.

The first step of the pre-service procedure is to put on a fresh pair of gloves. This is important to ensure proper hygiene and prevent the spread of any germs or bacteria. Gloves create a barrier between the technician and the client, minimizing the risk of contamination. By wearing fresh gloves, the technician can ensure a clean and safe environment for both themselves and the client.

Scalp massage usually begins during the conditioning service. This is because the conditioning service involves the application of a conditioner or treatment to the hair and scalp. Massaging the scalp during this step helps to stimulate blood circulation, relax the muscles, and promote the absorption of the conditioning product. It also provides a soothing and enjoyable experience for the client.

Most shampoos have a primary surfactant as their second ingredient. A surfactant is a substance that helps to remove dirt and oil from the hair and scalp. It acts as a detergent, allowing water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Therefore, the correct answer is "Base detergent."

A dry scalp requires moisturization and hydration to alleviate the dryness and itchiness. Emollients are substances that help to soften and soothe the skin, making them suitable for treating a dry scalp. They provide a barrier to lock in moisture and prevent further dehydration. High detergent-based cleansers, lotions with high alcohol content, and products containing sulfated-oil base can further strip the scalp of its natural oils and worsen the dryness. Therefore, a product containing emollients would be the most appropriate choice for treating a dry scalp.

To ensure proper disinfection, it is recommended to fill the disinfection container with clean disinfectant solution at least 20 minutes before the first service. This allows sufficient time for the disinfectant to be properly mixed and ready for use. Filling the container in advance ensures that the disinfectant solution is at its maximum effectiveness when it is needed for use.

Deionized water is the main ingredient in most shampoos because it is free from impurities and minerals. It undergoes a process called deionization, which removes all the ions present in the water. This makes deionized water highly purified and suitable for use in cosmetic products like shampoos. It helps to prevent build-up and residue on the hair, providing a more effective and gentle cleansing experience.

When performing a shampoo draping, it is important to position the cape on the outside of the shampoo chair. This ensures that the client's clothing is protected from any water or shampoo that may splash during the process. Placing the cape on the outside also allows for easy removal and prevents any discomfort for the client.

Water is not considered a shampoo additive because it is the base ingredient of most shampoos. Shampoos are primarily water-based formulations, with water serving as the solvent and carrier for other active and inactive ingredients. While perfumes, preservatives, and proteins are commonly added to shampoos to provide fragrance, extend shelf life, and enhance hair health, water is an essential component that forms the bulk of the product.