Chapter 15 New Deal

The National Youth Administration provided student aid to high school, college, and graduate students. This organization was established as part of the New Deal during the Great Depression in the United States. Its main goal was to provide employment and educational opportunities for young people. Through the National Youth Administration, students could receive financial assistance to continue their education and pursue their academic goals.

Deficit spending refers to the policy of spending more money than the government receives in revenue. This is often done to stimulate economic growth or to fund government programs. It can lead to a budget deficit and may require the government to borrow money to cover the shortfall. Deficit spending can have both positive and negative effects on the economy, depending on how it is managed and the overall economic conditions.

The Republican Party generally did not support the New Deal policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. Republicans believed that the New Deal was an expansion of federal power and intervention in the economy, which went against their principles of limited government and free-market capitalism. They argued that the New Deal programs were ineffective and wasteful, and instead advocated for a more hands-off approach to economic recovery. Therefore, it can be concluded that Republicans did not like the New Deal.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a program implemented during the Great Depression in the United States. Its primary objective was to provide employment opportunities to the unemployed population. By creating as many jobs as possible, the WPA aimed to stimulate the economy and alleviate the financial hardships faced by individuals and families. Through various public works projects, such as building roads, bridges, and schools, the WPA not only provided employment but also contributed to the development of infrastructure across the country.

During the banking crisis, FDR implemented a four-day bank holiday to inspect the banks. This measure aimed to restore public confidence in the banking system by allowing the government to assess the financial stability of each bank and ensure that they were operating soundly. By temporarily closing the banks and conducting thorough inspections, FDR aimed to prevent further bank failures and restore trust in the banking sector. This action was part of his broader strategy to stabilize the economy and address the effects of the Great Depression.

Eleanor Roosevelt played a key role in advising FDR to hire minorities and women. As the First Lady of the United States, she was a strong advocate for civil rights and social justice. She used her influence to promote equal opportunities for marginalized groups, including women and minorities, in various aspects of society, including employment. Her efforts helped shape FDR's policies and initiatives aimed at creating a more inclusive and diverse workforce.

FDR was able to do what the cartoon conveys because Congress was also Democratic like him. This means that FDR had the support and cooperation of the majority party in Congress, which made it easier for him to pass legislation and implement his policies. Having a Democratic Congress allowed FDR to push through his New Deal programs and other reforms, as they shared similar political ideologies and goals.

The point of the Wagner Act is to protect those in a union. This act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, was passed in 1935 and aimed to protect the rights of workers to organize and bargain collectively through labor unions. It established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce these rights and prevent unfair labor practices by employers. The Wagner Act played a crucial role in improving working conditions, wages, and benefits for American workers, and it continues to have a significant impact on labor relations today.

The Social Securities Act provided aid to the unemployed, aid to families with dependent children, and a retirement plan for those 65 and older.

Orson Welles created nationwide panic with "War of the Worlds." The radio broadcast, which aired on October 30, 1938, presented a fictional news bulletin reporting an alien invasion. Due to its realistic format and timing, many listeners mistook it for a real news report, causing widespread fear and panic.

The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) did not pass the provision to give men and women the same wages and treatment. Although the act aimed to establish various labor standards, such as setting a minimum wage, limiting the maximum number of working hours per week, and establishing rules for employing workers under the age of 16, it did not specifically address gender-based wage and treatment equality.

FDR was not fully committed to civil rights for African Americans. While he did take some steps towards addressing racial inequality, such as appointing African Americans to government positions and supporting anti-lynching legislation, his focus was primarily on economic recovery and the New Deal. He did not push for comprehensive civil rights legislation and did not take a strong stance against segregation in the South. Therefore, the statement that FDR was committed to full civil rights for African Americans is false.

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided all of the options listed, including lodging, food, education, and cash payments. The CCC was a program established during the Great Depression in the United States, aimed at providing employment opportunities for young, unemployed men. Participants in the CCC were provided with basic necessities such as food and lodging, as well as educational opportunities to develop new skills. Additionally, they received a small monthly cash payment, a portion of which was required to be sent home to support their families. Therefore, the correct answer is that the CCC provided all of these benefits.

The American public perceived many characteristics in FDR, such as self-confidence, compassion, and determination. However, economic conservatism was probably not one of them. FDR is widely known for his New Deal policies, which involved government intervention and spending to stimulate the economy during the Great Depression. This approach contradicts the principles of economic conservatism, which typically advocate for limited government involvement in the economy and a focus on free market principles. Therefore, it is unlikely that economic conservatism was a characteristic associated with FDR in the eyes of the American public.

John Collier increased rights to Native Americans through economic, cultural, and political means. As the Commissioner of Indian Affairs from 1933 to 1945, Collier implemented the Indian New Deal, which aimed to reverse the assimilationist policies of the past and promote self-determination and cultural preservation for Native American tribes. He advocated for the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which restored tribal self-governance and allowed Native Americans to own and develop reservation land. Collier also supported the revival of Native American arts and crafts, as well as the protection of Native American religious practices. Overall, his efforts sought to improve the social and economic conditions of Native Americans and recognize their rights.

The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) helped to raise the price of food by decreasing farm surpluses. By reducing the amount of excess agricultural products in the market, the AAA aimed to create scarcity and increase demand, which in turn would drive up prices. This was done through various methods such as paying farmers to reduce production or destroy excess crops and livestock. Ultimately, the goal was to stabilize agricultural prices and provide economic relief to farmers during the Great Depression.

During his presidency, Roosevelt proposed the reorganization of the Supreme Court by adding additional justices who would be more sympathetic to his New Deal policies. However, this idea failed to become law as it faced significant opposition from both Democrats and Republicans. Critics argued that it would undermine the independence of the judiciary and create a dangerous precedent for future presidents. Ultimately, Roosevelt was unable to secure the necessary support and the reorganization of the Supreme Court did not take place.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) paid painters to produce public art. The WPA was a New Deal agency established during the Great Depression in the United States. It aimed to provide employment to millions of Americans and stimulate the economy through various public works projects. As part of its efforts, the WPA employed artists, including painters, to create murals, sculptures, and other forms of art for public spaces such as schools, libraries, and government buildings. This initiative not only provided income to artists during a difficult time but also contributed to the beautification of public spaces and the promotion of American culture.

During the first hundred days of his presidency, FDR significantly expanded the role of the federal government. He implemented a series of programs and initiatives known as the New Deal, which aimed to stimulate economic recovery and provide relief to those affected by the Great Depression. This included the creation of agencies such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which provided employment opportunities and infrastructure development. FDR's expansion of government intervention and social welfare programs marked a shift towards a more active and involved federal government.

The phrase "back to farm and forest" could refer to all of the options provided: the AAA, the WPA, and the CCC. The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) aimed to support farmers by reducing agricultural production and increasing farm income. The WPA (Works Progress Administration) focused on providing employment opportunities, including projects related to farming and forestry. The CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) was a program that employed young men in conservation and reforestation projects. Therefore, all three options are related to initiatives that involved returning to or supporting activities in the farm and forest sectors.