Chapter 11 Section 4

Explanation
Ivan the Terrible was not only known for his cruelty towards his enemies, but also towards his own people. He implemented a reign of terror, executing thousands of individuals, including nobles and even his own son. His oppressive policies and brutal actions earned him the title "Terrible" and left a lasting impact on Russian history. Therefore, the statement that Ivan the Terrible was known for his cruelty only toward his enemies is false.

Explanation
Peter the Great actually tried to modernize and Westernize Russia, which involved opening up the country to Europe. He embarked on various reforms, such as introducing Western technology, fashion, and customs, and even moving the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg, a city inspired by European architecture. His goal was to bring Russia closer to Europe and establish it as a major power on the international stage. Therefore, the statement that Peter the Great tried to keep Russia isolated from Europe is false.

Explanation
Catherine the Great did not give freedom to the serfs. In fact, she expanded serfdom in Russia during her reign. She implemented policies that further tied the serfs to the land, making it difficult for them to escape their servitude. This included limiting their rights and freedoms, as well as increasing their obligations to the landowners. Therefore, the statement that Catherine the Great gave freedom to the serfs is false.

Explanation
The statement is incorrect. A czar was not an elected leader of Russia. In fact, a czar was a title given to the emperors or monarchs of Russia, and their position was usually inherited through a royal bloodline rather than being elected. The czars held absolute power and ruled over Russia for centuries until the Russian Revolution in 1917.

Explanation
During the Russian Revolution, the Russian czar was indeed overthrown. The revolution took place in 1917 and resulted in the collapse of the Russian monarchy, leading to the abdication of Czar Nicholas II. The revolution was driven by a combination of social, political, and economic factors, as well as widespread discontent among the Russian population. The overthrow of the czar marked a significant turning point in Russian history, leading to the establishment of a communist government under Vladimir Lenin.

Explanation
Many Russian nobles sent their children to schools in Germany and France. This suggests that these nobles believed that the education provided in Germany and France was superior to that available in Russia. They wanted their children to receive a high-quality education and gain exposure to different cultures and ideas. This practice demonstrates the influence and aspirations of the Russian nobility, as well as their desire to modernize and adopt Western educational practices.

Explanation
After the serfs gained their freedom from Alexander II, life did not improve quickly. The emancipation of the serfs in 1861 did not lead to immediate improvements in their living conditions. Many serfs remained in poverty and faced numerous challenges in adjusting to their newfound freedom. The process of transition from serfdom to a more equitable society was gradual and complex, with significant social and economic difficulties. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that life improved quickly for the serfs after gaining their freedom.

Explanation
The serfs' list of demands did not help end Bloody Sunday. Bloody Sunday was a massacre that occurred in 1905 when unarmed demonstrators, including workers and their families, marched to present a petition to the Tsar. The demands of the serfs were not a factor in ending this tragic event.

Explanation
Nicholas II was the last czar of Russia. He ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Nicholas II's reign was marked by political and social turmoil, including widespread discontent among the Russian people, leading to the fall of the Romanov dynasty and the establishment of a communist government. His inability to effectively address the grievances of the people and implement necessary reforms ultimately contributed to his downfall and the end of the czarist rule in Russia.

Explanation
During the 13th century, Russia was under the control of the Mongols. The Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan, expanded its territories and conquered various regions, including Russia. The Mongols established the Golden Horde, a Mongol state that ruled over parts of Eastern Europe, including Russia, for several centuries. This period of Mongol rule, known as the Mongol Invasion, had a significant impact on Russia's political, social, and cultural development.