European History - Communist Russia

1. Which peasant group did Stalin destroy as a class?

The Kulaks

The Muzhiks

The Serfs

Stalin destroyed the Kulaks as a class. The Kulaks were wealthy peasants who owned larger farms and were seen as a threat to Stalin's collectivization policies. They were targeted and their land was confiscated, leading to their destruction as a class.

Explanation

Stalin destroyed the Kulaks as a class. The Kulaks were wealthy peasants who owned larger farms and were seen as a threat to Stalin's collectivization policies. They were targeted and their land was confiscated, leading to their destruction as a class.

2. From which naval base did much of Lenin's support come in June 1917?

St Petersburg

Kronshtadt

Vyborg

Lenin's support in June 1917 came from the naval base of Kronshtadt. This base played a significant role during the Russian Revolution, as it was a stronghold for the Bolsheviks and a key source of support for Lenin and his party. The sailors at Kronshtadt were known for their revolutionary spirit and were instrumental in the success of the Bolsheviks' overthrow of the Provisional Government. Their support helped Lenin gain momentum and establish the foundation for the Soviet Union.

Explanation

Lenin's support in June 1917 came from the naval base of Kronshtadt. This base played a significant role during the Russian Revolution, as it was a stronghold for the Bolsheviks and a key source of support for Lenin and his party. The sailors at Kronshtadt were known for their revolutionary spirit and were instrumental in the success of the Bolsheviks' overthrow of the Provisional Government. Their support helped Lenin gain momentum and establish the foundation for the Soviet Union.

3. The NEP was introduced in

The NEP (New Economic Policy) was introduced in 1921. This policy was implemented by the Soviet government in order to revive the economy after the devastation caused by the Russian Civil War. The NEP aimed to introduce some elements of capitalism into the Soviet economy, allowing limited private enterprise and trade. It was seen as a temporary measure to stabilize the economy and encourage agricultural and industrial production. The policy brought some economic recovery and allowed peasants to sell their surplus produce, but it also led to growing inequality and tensions within the Soviet Union.

Explanation

The NEP (New Economic Policy) was introduced in 1921. This policy was implemented by the Soviet government in order to revive the economy after the devastation caused by the Russian Civil War. The NEP aimed to introduce some elements of capitalism into the Soviet economy, allowing limited private enterprise and trade. It was seen as a temporary measure to stabilize the economy and encourage agricultural and industrial production. The policy brought some economic recovery and allowed peasants to sell their surplus produce, but it also led to growing inequality and tensions within the Soviet Union.

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4. Which event was being celebrated when revolution broke out in March?

Russian Orthodox Easter

Russian Orthodox Christmas

International Women's Day

International Peace Day

The revolution broke out in March during the celebration of International Women's Day. This suggests that the event may have played a significant role in sparking the revolution. International Women's Day is traditionally associated with women's rights and gender equality, and it is possible that the celebration and activism surrounding this day led to protests and demonstrations that eventually escalated into a full-blown revolution.

Explanation

The revolution broke out in March during the celebration of International Women's Day. This suggests that the event may have played a significant role in sparking the revolution. International Women's Day is traditionally associated with women's rights and gender equality, and it is possible that the celebration and activism surrounding this day led to protests and demonstrations that eventually escalated into a full-blown revolution.

5. As chairman of which Soviet committee did Trotsky run the November Revolution?

The Military Revolutionary Committee

The Supreme Military Council

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee

Trotsky ran the November Revolution as chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee. This committee was responsible for organizing and carrying out the armed insurrection that led to the overthrow of the Provisional Government in Russia in November 1917. Trotsky played a crucial role in planning and executing the revolution, using the Military Revolutionary Committee to mobilize support and coordinate the actions of the Bolshevik forces. His leadership and strategic decisions were instrumental in the success of the revolution and the establishment of Soviet power in Russia.

Explanation

Trotsky ran the November Revolution as chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee. This committee was responsible for organizing and carrying out the armed insurrection that led to the overthrow of the Provisional Government in Russia in November 1917. Trotsky played a crucial role in planning and executing the revolution, using the Military Revolutionary Committee to mobilize support and coordinate the actions of the Bolshevik forces. His leadership and strategic decisions were instrumental in the success of the revolution and the establishment of Soviet power in Russia.

6. Who aided the Bolsheviks and the Red Guard in their November coup?

The Petrograd Soviet

Kronsdadt Sailors

The Rail Workers' Union

The Proletarian Workers

During the November coup, the Bolsheviks and the Red Guard were supported by the Kronstadt Sailors. The Kronstadt Sailors played a crucial role in the success of the coup by providing military support and helping to secure key locations in Petrograd. Their involvement demonstrated the widespread support for the Bolsheviks and their revolutionary agenda among the sailors of the Baltic Fleet.

Explanation

During the November coup, the Bolsheviks and the Red Guard were supported by the Kronstadt Sailors. The Kronstadt Sailors played a crucial role in the success of the coup by providing military support and helping to secure key locations in Petrograd. Their involvement demonstrated the widespread support for the Bolsheviks and their revolutionary agenda among the sailors of the Baltic Fleet.

7. In 1923 the Troika was set up to oppose which Russian leader?

Lenin

Stalin

Trotsky

The Troika was set up in 1923 to oppose Trotsky, not Lenin or Stalin. This indicates that Trotsky was seen as a threat or rival to the Russian leader at that time.

Explanation

The Troika was set up in 1923 to oppose Trotsky, not Lenin or Stalin. This indicates that Trotsky was seen as a threat or rival to the Russian leader at that time.

8. Which political party dominated, and essentially won, the elections for the Constituent Assembly?

Kadets

Bolsheviks

Mensheviks

Socialist Revolutionaries

The Socialist Revolutionaries were the political party that dominated and essentially won the elections for the Constituent Assembly.

Explanation

The Socialist Revolutionaries were the political party that dominated and essentially won the elections for the Constituent Assembly.

9. Who led the Workers' Opposition in 1921?

Alexandra Kollontai

Julius Martov

Vyacheslav Molotov'

Alexandra Kollontai led the Workers' Opposition in 1921. The Workers' Opposition was a faction within the Russian Communist Party that emerged during the 10th Congress in 1921. Kollontai, a prominent Bolshevik leader and feminist, advocated for workers' rights and greater democracy within the party. She criticized the policies of the Soviet government and called for more power to be given to the trade unions. Kollontai's leadership of the Workers' Opposition made her a prominent figure in the early years of the Soviet Union.

Explanation

Alexandra Kollontai led the Workers' Opposition in 1921. The Workers' Opposition was a faction within the Russian Communist Party that emerged during the 10th Congress in 1921. Kollontai, a prominent Bolshevik leader and feminist, advocated for workers' rights and greater democracy within the party. She criticized the policies of the Soviet government and called for more power to be given to the trade unions. Kollontai's leadership of the Workers' Opposition made her a prominent figure in the early years of the Soviet Union.

10. Which White General attacked from the south in 1919?

General Brusilov

General Denikin

General Kornilov

General Denikin was a White General who led the anti-Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War. In 1919, he launched a major offensive known as the Denikin Offensive, which aimed to overthrow the Bolshevik government and establish a new regime. This offensive involved attacking from the south, specifically targeting areas such as Ukraine and the Caucasus region. Denikin's forces achieved initial success, but ultimately failed to achieve their objectives and were eventually defeated by the Red Army.

Explanation

General Denikin was a White General who led the anti-Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War. In 1919, he launched a major offensive known as the Denikin Offensive, which aimed to overthrow the Bolshevik government and establish a new regime. This offensive involved attacking from the south, specifically targeting areas such as Ukraine and the Caucasus region. Denikin's forces achieved initial success, but ultimately failed to achieve their objectives and were eventually defeated by the Red Army.