Chapter 10: Medical Terms

A hematologist is a medical specialist who specializes in the study and treatment of blood disorders. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. The term "hemotologist" is derived from the word "hemo" which means blood, and "ologist" which refers to a specialist or expert in a particular field. Therefore, a hematologist is a healthcare professional who focuses on the study and understanding of blood and its related disorders.

A white blood cell is called a leukocyte.

Hyperlipidemia is the correct answer because it refers to the pathological condition of having excessive amounts of fat (lipids) in the blood. This condition can lead to various health problems, including atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke. Hypercalcemia refers to high levels of calcium in the blood, hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, and hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels.

A granular leukocyte is a type of white blood cell that contains granules in its cytoplasm. These granules are visible under a microscope and can be stained with certain dyes. Granulocytes play a crucial role in the immune system by defending the body against infections and foreign substances. They include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is "granulocyte" as it accurately describes the specific type of leukocyte with granules in its cytoplasm.

An anticoagulant is a substance that works against the formation of blood clots. It prevents the blood from clotting by inhibiting the coagulation process. This is important in medical conditions where blood clotting can be harmful, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or stroke. Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine and are used to treat allergies. Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response in the body.

Mononucleosis is the correct answer because it refers to the condition of excessive amounts of mononuclear leukocytes in the blood. Mononucleosis is a viral infection that causes an increase in mononuclear leukocytes, specifically lymphocytes, in the blood. This condition is commonly known as "mono" and is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fever.

Splenomegaly is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal enlargement of the spleen. It is a medical condition that can be caused by various factors such as infections, liver diseases, and blood disorders. Splenomegaly can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, fatigue, and anemia. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Thrombocytes are also known as blood platelets, which play a crucial role in the clotting process. When there is an injury or damage to a blood vessel, thrombocytes gather at the site and form a plug to stop bleeding. They release chemicals that help in the formation of fibrin, a protein that forms a mesh-like structure to create a blood clot. This clotting mechanism is essential for preventing excessive bleeding and promoting wound healing. Therefore, thrombocytes are correctly referred to as cell blood platelets.

An allergy is an individual's hypersensitivity to a substance that is typically harmless. When a person with an allergy comes into contact with the allergen, their immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. This can manifest in various symptoms such as sneezing, itching, hives, or even more severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, swelling, and a drop in blood pressure. While anaphylaxis is a possible consequence of an allergy, it is not the term used to describe the general hypersensitivity to a harmless substance. Therefore, the correct answer is allergy.

Hyperglycemia refers to a pathological condition where there is an excessive amount of sugar in the blood. This condition is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, it can cause long-term complications such as damage to the blood vessels, nerves, and organs. Treatment for hyperglycemia typically involves lifestyle changes, medication, and insulin therapy to control blood sugar levels.

Lymphostasis refers to the control or stopping of the flow of lymph. It is the correct answer in this case as it accurately describes the process mentioned in the question. Lymphandenitis refers to the inflammation of lymph nodes, lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, and lymphadenotomy refers to the surgical removal of lymph nodes.

Prothrombin is the correct answer because it is a chemical substance that interacts with calcium salts to produce thrombin. Thrombin is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. When calcium ions are present, prothrombin is converted into thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh-like structure that helps in the formation of blood clots. Therefore, prothrombin is essential for the blood clotting cascade and is directly involved in the production of thrombin.

An antibody is a protein substance produced by the body's immune system in response to an invading foreign substance, such as a pathogen or antigen. It helps to neutralize or destroy the foreign substance and protect the body from infection or disease. An embolus refers to a blood clot or other foreign material that travels through the bloodstream and gets stuck in a blood vessel.

Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is the protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the tissues throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in the transportation of oxygen and is responsible for the red color of blood. Globulin is a type of protein found in blood plasma, but it is not specifically involved in carrying oxygen. Erythrocyte refers to red blood cells themselves, not the protein within them. Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume and is not directly related to the protein carrying oxygen.

A white blood cell that readily stains with the acid stain is called an eosinophil.

Agglutination refers to the process of clumping together of blood cells that are incompatible. This occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of the cells, causing them to stick together. Agglutination can occur in response to incompatible blood transfusions or in certain autoimmune diseases. It is an important immune response mechanism that helps to immobilize and remove foreign substances from the body.

An antigen is a foreign substance that enters the body and triggers the immune system to produce antibodies. These antibodies are specific to the antigen and help in fighting off the invader. Therefore, the correct answer is antigen.

A white blood cell that has an attraction for a base dye is called a basophil. Basophils are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell, that play a role in the immune response by releasing substances like histamine. They have granules in their cytoplasm that can be stained with basic dyes, hence the term "basophil". Leukocytopenia refers to a low count of white blood cells, while lymph is a type of white blood cell that is involved in the immune response but does not specifically have an attraction for base dyes.

The term "coagulable" refers to the ability to form a clot. In the context of the given options, "coagulable" is the only term that directly relates to clot formation. "Anticoagulant" refers to a substance that prevents clotting, "agglutination" refers to the clumping together of particles, and "coagulate" is a verb that means to form a clot. Therefore, "coagulable" is the correct answer as it describes the ability to form a clot.

Creatinemia is the correct answer because it refers to the excess of creatine in the blood. Creatine is a compound that is naturally produced in the body and stored in the muscles. It is involved in providing energy for muscle contractions. However, if there is an excess of creatine in the blood, it can be indicative of certain medical conditions, such as kidney dysfunction or muscle damage. Therefore, creatinemia is the appropriate term to describe this condition.