Chapter 10 Exceptionalities Quiz

Self-monitoring strategies allow students to monitor their own behavior or actions. These strategies involve students observing and recording their own behavior, such as keeping track of their progress, noting their strengths and weaknesses, and setting goals for improvement. By engaging in self-monitoring, students become more aware of their actions and can make adjustments as needed to improve their performance. This helps them take ownership of their learning and become more accountable for their actions.

Almost all students with multiple disabilities have communication impairments. This means that they have difficulties in expressing themselves or understanding others through spoken language, gestures, or other forms of communication. These impairments can range from speech disorders to language delays or difficulties in social communication. Communication impairments can significantly impact a student's ability to interact with others, participate in classroom activities, and access educational materials. Therefore, it is important for educators and professionals to provide appropriate support and accommodations to help these students effectively communicate and engage in their learning environment.

Many students with multiple disabilities may have difficulty speaking or communicating effectively. Augmentative and alternative communication systems are designed to assist individuals in expressing themselves and understanding others. These systems can include tools such as communication boards, sign language, or electronic devices that generate speech. By using these systems, students with multiple disabilities can overcome their communication barriers and effectively interact with others.

Underdeveloped muscle tone and increased muscle tension are issues that directly affect motor development. Motor development refers to the progression of a child's ability to control and coordinate their movements. When a child has underdeveloped muscle tone, their muscles may be weak and lack the necessary strength to perform certain movements. On the other hand, increased muscle tension can make movements stiff and rigid, making it difficult for a child to move smoothly and efficiently. Therefore, these issues directly impact motor development, making it the correct answer.

Self-care skills are part of adaptive skills. Adaptive skills refer to the abilities that individuals need in order to function independently and effectively in their daily lives. Self-care skills specifically include activities such as dressing, grooming, eating, and personal hygiene. These skills are essential for individuals to take care of themselves and maintain their overall well-being.

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) enables students who cannot communicate verbally or through other formats, such as sign language, to do so through the use of technology. AAC includes various methods and tools like communication boards, speech-generating devices, and computer-based systems that help individuals express themselves effectively. It provides alternative means of communication for individuals with speech or language impairments, allowing them to participate in social interactions, express their needs and wants, and engage in educational activities.

Multiple disabilities refers to the presence of two or more disabilities in an individual. These disabilities can affect various areas such as intellectual functioning, adaptive skills, motor development, sensory functioning, and communication skills. This means that individuals with multiple disabilities may struggle with cognitive abilities, daily living skills, physical coordination, sensory processing, and communication. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned in the question align with the definition of multiple disabilities.

In approximately three quarters of all children who have severe levels of intellectual disability, there is a biological cause. This means that the disability is primarily caused by genetic factors or abnormalities in the structure or functioning of the brain. It is important to note that while environmental factors can also contribute to intellectual disability, the majority of cases are attributed to biological causes.

Peer tutoring involves pairing students one on one so that students who have already developed certain skills can help teach less advanced students new skills and practice other skills that require mastery. This method allows for a collaborative learning experience where students can learn from and support each other, promoting both academic and social growth.

Perinatal complications refer to complications that occur during the time immediately before, during, or after birth. These complications can include factors such as oxygen deprivation, premature birth, or trauma during delivery. These events can lead to damage to the baby's brain and result in intellectual disabilities. Therefore, perinatal complications are a potential cause of intellectual disabilities.

Augmentative and alternative communication is not a student-directed learning strategy because it involves the use of external tools or devices to support communication for individuals with communication difficulties. In contrast, student-directed learning strategies are methods that empower students to take control of their own learning process, such as self-instruction, picture prompts, and self-monitoring. These strategies encourage students to actively engage in their learning and make decisions about how they acquire and process information.

Peer buddies is a strategy used to promote social relationships among students with severe disabilities and their same age peers without disabilities. This strategy involves pairing students with disabilities with their typically developing peers, who act as buddies and provide support and friendship. Peer buddies can engage in various activities together, such as playing games, working on projects, or simply socializing. This strategy helps to foster inclusion, social interaction, and positive relationships between students with and without disabilities.

Fragile X Syndrome is a specific genetic factor caused by a single gene mutation on the X chromosome that is associated with the absence of a protein. This syndrome is characterized by intellectual disabilities, physical and behavioral abnormalities, and can affect both males and females. It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, leading to a lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP).

The partial participation principle holds that students with multiple disabilities may be denied access to general education and other inclusive activities solely because of their impairments in adaptive skills, communication skills, and sensory abilities. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above" as all of these areas can potentially lead to denial of access for students with multiple disabilities.

Smith-Magennis syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material on chromosome 17. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and behavioral problems. It is also associated with sleep disturbances, self-injurious behaviors, and a tendency to be friendly and sociable. Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, and autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with no specific genetic cause.

The Children's School Success curriculum seeks to reduce the educational gap for students who are at risk for poor school performance, prepare children for school entry, support individualization, and provide evidence-based practices that lead to these outcomes. This curriculum is designed to address the specific needs of students who may be struggling academically and provide them with the necessary support and resources to succeed in school. By focusing on evidence-based practices, it ensures that the strategies and interventions used are proven to be effective in improving students' educational outcomes.

A visual assistant provides powerful task-prompting support by using digital pictures and custom-recorded audio messages to provide step-by-step instructional support for students with intellectual and other disabilities. It helps them in following instructions and completing tasks independently.

Self-instruction strategies involve teaching students to use their own verbal or other communication skills to direct their learning. This means that students are taught to talk themselves through the steps of a task or problem, using self-talk to guide their thinking and actions. By teaching students to use self-instruction strategies, they become more independent learners who can actively engage in their own learning process and take control of their learning. This approach helps students develop metacognitive skills, such as self-awareness and self-reflection, which are essential for effective learning.