Chapter 1- Glucose, Insulin, And Diabetes

Excessive sugar in the bloodstream can indeed cause damage to various organs and systems in the body. When blood sugar levels are consistently high, it can lead to complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney problems, and vision impairment. This occurs because high sugar levels can damage blood vessels, impair the function of organs, and disrupt normal bodily processes. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balanced and healthy diet to prevent the harmful effects of excessive sugar in the blood.

Glucose is a vital source of energy for cells. It is the primary fuel that cells need to carry out their functions, such as metabolism and cell division. Without glucose, cells would not have the necessary energy to perform these tasks and would ultimately cease to function. Therefore, the statement that cells cannot function without glucose is true.

Glucose is the primary source of energy for cells because it is a simple sugar that can be easily broken down through cellular respiration to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of cells. Glucose is readily available in the body through the digestion and breakdown of carbohydrates in the diet. Once inside the cells, glucose undergoes a series of metabolic reactions to produce ATP, which is used for various cellular processes such as growth, repair, and movement. Overall, glucose provides the necessary energy for cells to carry out their functions effectively.

Glucose is a simple sugar. Simple sugars, also known as monosaccharides, are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates. Glucose is the primary source of energy for cells and is easily broken down and absorbed by the body. It is commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and honey. As a simple sugar, glucose is easily metabolized and used by the body for various physiological processes.

Glucose is indeed delivered to cells through the circulatory system. The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, transports glucose from the digestive system, where it is absorbed from food, to cells throughout the body. Glucose is a vital source of energy for cells, and the circulatory system ensures its distribution to meet the energy demands of various tissues and organs. Therefore, the statement "Glucose gets delivered to cells through the circulatory system" is true.

Type two diabetes occurs when the insulin receptors in the body are not working properly. Insulin receptors are responsible for allowing insulin to bind to cells and regulate blood sugar levels. When these receptors are not functioning correctly, the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. This condition is commonly known as insulin resistance and is a characteristic of type two diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes is a condition characterized by the absence of insulin in the body. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. Without insulin, glucose cannot be properly utilized, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is why individuals with Type 1 Diabetes require insulin injections to manage their condition and maintain normal blood sugar levels.

The correct answer is False because type one diabetes cannot be cured with drugs. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. To manage type one diabetes, individuals need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to regulate blood sugar levels. While medication can help control the symptoms and complications of type one diabetes, there is currently no known cure for the disease.

Insulin receptors are necessary for insulin to enter a cell. These receptors are present on the surface of cells and specifically bind to insulin molecules. When insulin attaches to its receptors, it triggers a series of signaling events inside the cell, allowing glucose uptake from the bloodstream. Without insulin receptors, insulin would not be able to bind to the cell surface and initiate this process, leading to impaired glucose uptake and potential health problems associated with insulin resistance.

Desensitized receptors refer to receptors that have become less responsive or inactive due to prolonged or excessive stimulation. This can occur as a result of downregulation or internalization of the receptors, leading to a decrease in their functioning.

Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not effectively use the insulin it produces. To manage and control blood sugar levels, individuals with type 2 diabetes can take drugs such as oral medications or injectable insulin. These medications help to lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. By taking these drugs, individuals can effectively manage their diabetes and keep their blood sugar levels within a healthy range. Additionally, in some cases, individuals may also need to increase their insulin dosage to adequately control their blood sugar levels.