Ch 3 Unit 1 THE ROCK CYCLE

2.

Magma that reaches the surface is called _______________________ .

Explanation
When magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, reaches the surface through volcanic activity, it is called lava. Lava is typically hot and fluid, flowing out of the volcano and spreading across the surrounding area. It cools and solidifies to form various volcanic landforms such as lava flows, lava domes, and volcanic cones. Lava can have different compositions and viscosities, resulting in different types of eruptions and volcanic features.

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3.

Weathered pieces of Earth elements are defined as _______________________ .

Explanation
Weathered pieces of Earth elements are referred to as sediment or sediments. Sediment is the collective term used to describe the particles of rock, minerals, and organic matter that have been eroded, transported, and deposited by natural processes such as wind, water, or ice. These weathered fragments can vary in size, ranging from tiny grains of sand to larger rocks. Sediments can accumulate in various environments, such as riverbeds, lakes, and oceans, eventually forming sedimentary rocks through compaction and cementation.

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4.

Because of the processes that take place within the ___________________, rocks can change from one type to another.

Explanation
The rock cycle refers to the continuous process of how rocks can transform from one type to another. This cycle involves various geological processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification. These processes can cause rocks to undergo changes in their composition, texture, and structure, leading to the formation of different types of rocks such as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Therefore, the rock cycle is responsible for the transformation and interchangeability of rocks in the Earth's crust.

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5.

What are sedimentary rocks made of?

Molten rock that has cooled
Pieces of other rocks that have collected and cemented together
Petrified trees

Correct Answer

A. Pieces of other rocks that have collected and cemented together

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediment particles. Over time, weathering and erosion break down existing rocks into smaller pieces called sediment. These sediments then settle and accumulate in layers, and as more sediments are deposited, the weight and pressure cause them to become compacted and cemented together. This process forms sedimentary rocks, which are composed of fragments of other rocks that have collected and solidified over time.

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6.

What are igneous rocks made from?

Molten rock that has cooled
Pieces of other rocks that have collected and cemented together
Mountains that have weathered away

Correct Answer

A. Molten rock that has cooled

Explanation

Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock that has cooled. When magma or lava, which is molten rock, cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface or on its surface. As the molten rock cools, it crystallizes and hardens, forming different types of igneous rocks with distinct textures and compositions. This process can take thousands or even millions of years, depending on the cooling rate and the composition of the molten rock.

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7.

_______________________ is molten material that forms deep beneath the Earth's surface.

Correct Answer
magma

Explanation
Magma is the correct answer because it refers to molten material that forms deep beneath the Earth's surface. Magma is composed of a mixture of molten rock, suspended crystals, and dissolved gases. It is formed through the process of partial melting of rocks in the Earth's mantle and can eventually rise to the surface through volcanic activity, where it becomes lava.

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8.

______________________ is a process in which rocks are broken down by water, air, and living things.

Correct Answer
weathering

Explanation
Weathering is a natural process that occurs when rocks are broken down and altered by various factors such as water, air, and living organisms. Water can cause physical weathering through processes like freeze-thaw cycles and erosion, while air can cause chemical weathering through reactions with minerals in the rocks. Living organisms, such as plants and animals, can also contribute to weathering through their physical actions or by releasing substances that break down rocks. Overall, weathering plays a crucial role in the continuous transformation of rocks over time.

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9.

Weathering of rocks and the movement of weathered materials are processes powered by the shift of dark matter in space....

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The given statement is false. Weathering of rocks and the movement of weathered materials are not processes powered by the shift of dark matter in space. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces due to exposure to the elements, while the movement of weathered materials is usually driven by gravity, water, wind, or ice. Dark matter, on the other hand, is a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light and is not directly involved in these processes.

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10.

Rocks are made ...

Only of organic substances that contain carbon
Always of quartz and silicon
Of one or more minerals

Correct Answer

A. Of one or more minerals

Explanation

Rocks are composed of one or more minerals. This means that rocks can be made up of different combinations of minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, or mica. The minerals in a rock are typically bonded together, forming a solid structure. It is important to note that rocks can also contain non-mineral substances, such as organic matter or even fragments of other rocks. Therefore, the correct answer is that rocks are made of one or more minerals.

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11.

What kind of rock most often contains fossils?

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Correct Answer

A. Sedimentary

Explanation

Sedimentary rock is the correct answer because it is formed from layers of sediment that accumulate over time. These sediments often contain the remains of plants and animals, which can become fossilized within the rock. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are formed through different processes that do not typically preserve fossils.

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12.

Processes driven by heat from the Earth's ______________ are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Interior
Sun
Hurricanes
Tornadoes

Correct Answer

A. Interior

Explanation

Processes driven by heat from the Earth's interior are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks. The Earth's interior is extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to 6000 degrees Celsius in the inner core. This heat causes rocks to melt and form magma, which can then cool and solidify to form igneous rocks. Additionally, the heat and pressure from the Earth's interior can cause existing rocks to undergo metamorphism, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks. Therefore, the Earth's interior plays a crucial role in the formation of both igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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1

13.

External processes such as water, air and living things produces sedimentary rocks.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

External processes such as water, air, and living things contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks. Water erodes rocks and carries sediments, which can then accumulate and lithify into sedimentary rocks. Air can weather rocks, breaking them down into smaller particles that can also become sedimentary rocks. Living things, such as plants and animals, can also contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks through processes like the accumulation of organic matter or the formation of shells and skeletons. Therefore, the statement is true.

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14.

What often leads to the creation of metamorphic rocks?

Volcanic eruption
Movement of Earth's tectonic plates
Erosion

Correct Answer

A. Movement of Earth's tectonic plates

Explanation

The movement of Earth's tectonic plates often leads to the creation of metamorphic rocks. This is because when the plates collide or slide past each other, immense pressure and heat are generated. This pressure and heat cause the existing rocks to undergo changes in their mineralogy, texture, and structure, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks. These rocks are typically found in regions where tectonic activity, such as mountain building or the formation of fault lines, is occurring.

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15.

Which statement is TRUE about the rock cycle?

It involves heat, pressure and cooling
It stops after metamorphic rocks form
Weathering only occurs in igneous rocks

Correct Answer

A. It involves heat, pressure and cooling

Explanation

The rock cycle involves heat, pressure, and cooling because these are the processes that transform one type of rock into another. Heat and pressure can cause rocks to undergo metamorphism, changing their structure and composition. Cooling can lead to the solidification of molten rock, forming igneous rocks. Therefore, all three processes are essential components of the rock cycle.

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Ch 3 Unit 1 The Rock Cycle

What are the 3 types of rocks involved in the rock cycle?

Quiz Preview

Magma that reaches the surface is called _______________________ .

Weathered pieces of Earth elements are defined as _______________________ .

Because of the processes that take place within the ___________________, rocks can change from one type to another.

What are sedimentary rocks made of?

What are igneous rocks made from?

_______________________ is molten material that forms deep beneath the Earth's surface.

______________________ is a process in which rocks are broken down by water, air, and living things.

Weathering of rocks and the movement of weathered materials are processes powered by the shift of dark matter in space....

Rocks are made ...

What kind of rock most often contains fossils?

Processes driven by heat from the Earth's ______________ are responsible for forming both igneous and metamorphic rocks.

External processes such as water, air and living things produces sedimentary rocks.

What often leads to the creation of metamorphic rocks?

Which statement is TRUE about the rock cycle?