Ch. 22 SEC 2 East African History & Culture

The correct answer is Islam. Arabs brought the religion of Islam to East Africa. Islam spread through trade and migration, as Arab traders traveled along the coast of East Africa and established settlements. They introduced Islam to the local populations, who gradually converted to the religion. This led to the establishment of Islamic communities and the adoption of Islamic practices and beliefs in East Africa.

Swahili is the most widely spoken African language in East Africa. It is the official language of Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, and is also spoken in parts of Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Swahili has gained popularity due to its use as a lingua franca in the region, facilitating communication among people with different native languages. It is also taught in schools and used in various media platforms. Therefore, Swahili is the correct answer for the most widely spoken African language in East Africa.

The correct answer is "Independence, independence, freedom, Freedom." The question is referring to the grant of independence to African countries in the 1960s. This event brought new problems to Africans living in former colonies because while they gained political independence, they also faced challenges in establishing stable governments, managing their economies, and dealing with the legacy of colonialism. The repetition of "independence" and "freedom" emphasizes the significance of this historical event and the complexities it brought for Africans.

Zanzibar was an international slave-trading center in the 1700s. The island's strategic location off the coast of East Africa made it a hub for the Arab and Swahili slave trade. Slaves were captured from the mainland and brought to Zanzibar to be sold to Arab traders who would transport them to the Middle East and other parts of the world. The slave trade was a lucrative business for Zanzibar, contributing to its economic growth during that time period.

In the 1880s, European powers engaged in imperialism, which refers to the policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, economic domination, and political control over other territories. During this time, European powers, such as Britain, France, Germany, and Belgium, sought to expand their empires and divided up most of Africa among themselves through colonization and the establishment of colonies. This period of imperialism had significant impacts on Africa, including the exploitation of resources, forced labor, cultural suppression, and political instability.

Followers of animist religions believe that the natural world contains spirits. The term "animist" refers to individuals who adhere to animism, a belief system that attributes spiritual qualities to various elements of nature such as animals, plants, and natural phenomena. These spirits are believed to have an impact on human life and can be communicated with or influenced through rituals and practices. The use of both lowercase and uppercase letters in the answer options suggests that both the general term and specific adherents of animism are being referred to.

In East Africa, conflicts often arise due to tensions between different ethnic groups. These conflicts can be fueled by various factors such as competition for resources, historical grievances, political power struggles, or cultural differences. The clashes between ethnic groups can lead to violence, displacement of people, and instability in the region. Resolving these conflicts requires addressing the root causes and promoting dialogue, inclusivity, and equal rights for all ethnic groups.

Lalibela was a powerful Christian emperor who ruled Ethiopia. He is known for his significant contributions to Ethiopian Christianity, particularly for the construction of the rock-hewn churches in the town of Lalibela, which are considered to be one of the world's wonders. Lalibela's reign was characterized by his efforts to establish Ethiopia as a major Christian kingdom and to solidify the country's religious identity. His rule had a lasting impact on Ethiopian history and culture, making him a significant figure in the country's Christian heritage.

The early centers of Christianity in East Africa were Ethiopia and Nubia. Nubia, located in present-day Sudan, was an important center of Christianity during the early centuries. It was influenced by the Coptic Church in Egypt and played a significant role in spreading Christianity in the region. Nubia had a thriving Christian community with numerous churches and monasteries. The Nubian kingdom of Makuria, in particular, embraced Christianity and had strong ties with the Byzantine Empire. The spread of Christianity in Nubia was facilitated by trade routes and cultural exchanges with neighboring regions.

During the 1880s, most of East Africa was controlled by the United Kingdom, which is commonly referred to as England or Great Britain. The United Kingdom had established various colonies and protectorates in the region, such as British East Africa (present-day Kenya) and British Somaliland. These territories were under British control and administration, with the aim of exploiting their resources and establishing trade routes. Therefore, the correct answer is England, United Kingdom, or Great Britain.