The Perfect Practice Test For Geology Exams Part- II

Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past.

Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface.

Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past.

None of the above—physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same.

Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils.

Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata.

Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.

Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers.

Along the margins of continents

In the interior regions of continents

Scattered throughout continents

Along only the eastern margins of continents

Layers in sandstone found at the top of a mountain that are similar to layers at a sandy beach illustrate that the sandstone used to be sand at sea level some time ago

Sand rolling along a stream bottom shows that sediment is moving downstream

Along a coastline, wave-cut erosional features now well above sea level indicate that the land was uplifted

Layers in sand that compose a modern beach today that are similar to layers in sandstone formed millions of years ago illustrate that there have been similar beaches in Earth’s past

An erupting volcano proves that burning subterranean coal beds provide the heat

James Ussher

Alfred Wegener

Charles Lyell

James Hutton

We know the least about it

The chart is in log scale

Because cephalopods were dominant in that eon

Because it is not an eon at all, it is an epoch

Materials that always contain fossils

Static in their nature, meaning once they become an igneous rock, they will always be an igneous rock

Native always lain down horizontally and with the oldest on the bottom

Aggregates of one or more minerals

Materials that always behave in a brittle manner

The Sun

Heat from Earth’s interior

Both A and B

None of the above

The collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement

The assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation

The development of one or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts

The development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses

Stratovolcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary.

Shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate

Shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center.

Stratovolcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault

A tiny remnant of a once immense ocean that was closed as Africa moved Asia

The site of a transform fault along which Arabia is moving away from Africa

A rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate

A rare example of a two continent subduction zone where the African continental plate is sinking under the Arabian continental plate

Basaltic mantle under the ridge is hot enough to completely melt if seawater is added.

Lowered pressures decrease the temperatures at which basalt magma can partially melt from a rising plume of mantle peridotite

The subducting, oceanic slab sinks so deep that eventually it melts, producing massive quantities of basalt magma

The mantle beneath the ridges is enriched in thorium, uranium, and potassium, causing strong heating due to energy from radioactive decay.

Rising material in the seafloor and ocean basin causes the seafloor to spread laterally away from continents.

Sinking material in the mantle causes seafloor to diverge at the edges of continents

Rising material in the mantle spreads laterally carrying the seafloor away from seafloor ridges in the center of the ocean basin.

Sinking material in the mantle spreads laterally, forcing seafloor into continents at the edges of ocean basins.

He failed to provide a mechanism

He didn’t know about earthquake distribution at the time

He used ferns and fossil plants as part of his evidence

He used the shelves instead of the continent margin themselves

The plate moving with lesser force subducts under the one moving with greater force

The two plates will both subduct under each other.

One of the plates may be forced under the other slightly, but no subduction takes place

Both plates subduct under each other, which forms deep valleys.

They were formed underwater and were carried to Antarctica

Antarctica was once part of the “supercontinent” Pangaea and was in a warm and humid climate which allowed the formation of coal.

Coal was formed in Antarctica together with the ice and glaciers

They were remnants of dust falling from meteorites

The seafloor spreads and magma rises up to fill the gap, forming underwater features like oceanic ridges and submarine volcanoes

The seafloor rises up and heats up the surrounding water to cause tsunamis

A gap is created and sea water rushes in to cool the magma in the trench

There are huge mountains formed by the plates colliding

Northern movement of Baja California and a sliver of western California toward the Hawaiian Islands.

Northward movement of India into Eurasia

Westward movement of the South American plate over the Nazca plate.

Arabian peninsula slamming into North Africa under the Red Sea

Basalt

Peridotite

Iron-Nickel alloy

Granite

A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.

A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock the atoms are 03.01 Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? rock, randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.

In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.

A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles.

Electrons in the valence bond level

Neutrons in the outer nuclear shell

Electrons in the nucleus

Proton in the nucleus

They contain iron and magnetite, are black in color , and have metallic lusters

They are mostly clear, colorless, and rich in the elements of magnesium and ferrium

They are black to dark-green silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium

They contain magnetite and ferroite and they are clear to light green

Carbon

Chlorine

Oxygen

Sodium

Luster

Cleavage

Streak

Hardness

Streak

Cleavage

Cracking luster

Habit