Practice Questions For Ch. 1 Test Quiz

The statement "Bricks, unlike cells are not alive" is not part of the cell theory because the cell theory specifically pertains to living things and their basic unit of life, which is the cell. Bricks are not living things and therefore do not fall under the scope of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells are produced from other cells.

The cell membrane acts as a protective barrier for the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It regulates the exchange of nutrients, ions, and waste products, allowing essential molecules to enter and exit the cell while preventing harmful substances from entering. This function is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and ensuring its proper functioning.

All of the options listed (meat, eggs, beans, and nuts) are examples of foods that contain protein. Protein is a macronutrient that is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in the body. It is found in various animal and plant sources, including meat, eggs, beans, and nuts. Therefore, all of the above options are examples of proteins.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element. It is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds.

Both DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in the nucleus of cells and carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is involved in the process of protein synthesis and plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information from DNA to proteins. Therefore, both DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids.

Chloroplast is the correct answer because it is an organelle found only in plant cells, not animal cells. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts as they obtain energy through other means, such as by breaking down food molecules in the mitochondria.

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Since the statement correctly identifies diffusion and osmosis as the two types of passive transport discussed in Chapter 1, the answer is true.

Robert Hooke came up with the term "cells" when looking at a piece of cork. He observed small compartments or "cells" in the cork, which reminded him of the small rooms where monks lived, known as cells. This led him to coin the term "cells" to describe the basic structural units of living organisms.

If you have too much cholesterol, it could cause health problems. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is found in the body and is necessary for the production of hormones and cell membranes. However, high levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Therefore, it is important to maintain healthy levels of cholesterol in the body to prevent these health problems.

The correct answer is Vacuole. Vacuoles are much larger in plant cells compared to animal cells. Vacuoles in plant cells can occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume, whereas in animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and less prominent. Vacuoles in plant cells play a crucial role in storing water, ions, nutrients, and waste products, as well as maintaining turgor pressure. In contrast, animal cell vacuoles are usually smaller and have more specialized functions.

Fish is not an example of a carbohydrate because it is a source of protein and healthy fats, rather than being primarily composed of sugars and starches like carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are found in foods like french fries, pasta, bread, and fruit, which are all sources of energy for the body. However, fish is a lean source of protein and does not contain significant amounts of carbohydrates.

Water is not an example of a single element because it is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. In contrast, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon are all examples of single elements because they consist of only one type of atom.

A compound microscope is a light microscope that has two lenses, an objective lens and an eyepiece lens. The objective lens is responsible for magnifying the specimen, while the eyepiece lens further magnifies the image for the viewer. This combination of lenses allows for higher magnification and resolution compared to a single lens microscope. Therefore, the statement that a compound microscope has only one lens is incorrect.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down food particles and worn-out cell parts through a process called autophagy. They act as the cell's recycling center, digesting and recycling cellular waste materials. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and proteins, and they also participate in cellular defense by destroying invading pathogens. Therefore, the lysosome is the correct answer for this question.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable because it allows only certain substances to pass through while blocking others. It does this through various mechanisms such as protein channels and transporters that regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. This selectivity is crucial for maintaining internal balance and protecting the cell from harmful substances.

Passive transport is a type of cellular transport that does not require the use of energy from the cell. It occurs spontaneously, driven by the concentration gradient, and includes processes such as diffusion and osmosis. In contrast, active transport requires the expenditure of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect, and the correct answer is False.

Oxygen (O) is not an example of a compound because it is an element, not a combination of different elements. A compound is formed when two or more different elements chemically combine to form a new substance with its own unique properties. In this case, H2O, CO2, and NaCl are all compounds because they are made up of different elements (hydrogen and oxygen, carbon and oxygen, sodium and chlorine) that have chemically bonded together to create a new substance.

An organic compound contains carbon, which is the key element that distinguishes it from inorganic compounds. Carbon is unique in its ability to form stable covalent bonds with other elements, allowing for the vast diversity of organic compounds. Inorganic compounds, on the other hand, do not contain carbon and are typically simpler in structure.

Water is not an example of an organic compound because it does not contain carbon atoms. Organic compounds are defined as compounds that contain carbon bonded to hydrogen, and water (H2O) does not contain any carbon atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins all contain carbon and are therefore examples of organic compounds.