CFOA 2010 STUDY GUIDE ONLINE

1. K1’s punt is rolling beyond the neutral zone when it bounces off R2’s leg. That is considered touching by R2.

True.

False.

The explanation for the correct answer is that according to the rules of football, if a punt crosses the neutral zone and then touches a player from the receiving team, it is considered a live ball and can be recovered by either team. In this scenario, since the punt touched R2's leg beyond the neutral zone, it is considered touching by R2 and therefore the answer is true.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that according to the rules of football, if a punt crosses the neutral zone and then touches a player from the receiving team, it is considered a live ball and can be recovered by either team. In this scenario, since the punt touched R2's leg beyond the neutral zone, it is considered touching by R2 and therefore the answer is true.

2. When an airborne player makes a catch, forward progress is the furthest point of advancement after he possesses the ball if contacted by a defender.

True.

False.

When an airborne player makes a catch, forward progress refers to the furthest point of advancement that the player reaches after possessing the ball, even if they are contacted by a defender. This means that if the player catches the ball and is then tackled or pushed back by a defender, their forward progress is still considered to be the furthest point they reached before being contacted. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.

Explanation

When an airborne player makes a catch, forward progress refers to the furthest point of advancement that the player reaches after possessing the ball, even if they are contacted by a defender. This means that if the player catches the ball and is then tackled or pushed back by a defender, their forward progress is still considered to be the furthest point they reached before being contacted. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.

3. Third and six on team A’s 20 yardline. B12 is the 12th team B player on the field as A1 throws a legal forward pass that is caught by A2. After advancing A2 is downed at team B’s 30 yardline.

Team B is guilty of illegal participation.

Team B is guilty of illegal substitution.

In football, illegal participation refers to a situation where a player who is not eligible to participate in the game enters the field and becomes involved in the play. In this scenario, B12, who is the 12th player on team B, is not supposed to be on the field during the play. Therefore, team B is guilty of illegal participation. Illegal substitution, on the other hand, refers to the act of replacing a player on the field without following the proper rules and procedures, which is not the case in this scenario.

Explanation

In football, illegal participation refers to a situation where a player who is not eligible to participate in the game enters the field and becomes involved in the play. In this scenario, B12, who is the 12th player on team B, is not supposed to be on the field during the play. Therefore, team B is guilty of illegal participation. Illegal substitution, on the other hand, refers to the act of replacing a player on the field without following the proper rules and procedures, which is not the case in this scenario.

4. Team A attempts a try with 7:23 to play in the first quarter. A1’s legal forward pass is caught by A2 in the end zone. B3 is flagged for roughing the passer.

Team A may have the penalty enforced on the succeeding kickoff.

The penalty is automatically declined.

Team A may have the penalty enforced on the succeeding kickoff because the roughing the passer penalty occurred after the touchdown was scored. In this situation, the penalty is assessed on the kickoff instead of being enforced on the extra point attempt or the succeeding play. The penalty is automatically declined because the touchdown was already scored, so there is no need to enforce the penalty on the play.

Explanation

Team A may have the penalty enforced on the succeeding kickoff because the roughing the passer penalty occurred after the touchdown was scored. In this situation, the penalty is assessed on the kickoff instead of being enforced on the extra point attempt or the succeeding play. The penalty is automatically declined because the touchdown was already scored, so there is no need to enforce the penalty on the play.

5. K1’s punt is in flight when it strikes an official who is standing two yards deep in team R’s end zone. The ball caroms off the official, hits the ground on team R’s two yardline and rolls to team R’s five yardline, where R2 recovers it and advances.

The ball should be declared dead when it breaks theplane of team R’s goalline.

The ball remains live.

When a punt is in flight and strikes an official, the ball is considered dead. In this scenario, the punt strikes an official and then hits the ground on team R's two-yard line. According to the rules, when the ball breaks the plane of team R's goalline, it should be declared dead. Therefore, the correct answer is that the ball should be declared dead when it breaks the plane of team R's goalline.

Explanation

When a punt is in flight and strikes an official, the ball is considered dead. In this scenario, the punt strikes an official and then hits the ground on team R's two-yard line. According to the rules, when the ball breaks the plane of team R's goalline, it should be declared dead. Therefore, the correct answer is that the ball should be declared dead when it breaks the plane of team R's goalline.

6. Fourth and goal for team A at team B’s three yardline. Quarterback A1 keeps the ball and is at team B’s one yardline when he is hit by B2. The ball pops into the air and is caught by A3 at team B’s four yardline. A3 advances into team B’s end zone.

The ball is dead when A3 catches it.

Legal play; touchdown for team A.

It will be team B’s ball first and 10 from its own fouryardline.

It will be team B’s ball first and 10 from its own oneyardline.

According to the given scenario, the ball is considered dead when A3 catches it. Therefore, the play is legal and it results in a touchdown for team A.

Explanation

According to the given scenario, the ball is considered dead when A3 catches it. Therefore, the play is legal and it results in a touchdown for team A.

7. After the ball is dead, B1 throws a punch at A2. A2 is able to avoid the punch.

No problem.

B1 is penalized and disqualified.

B1 is penalized but not disqualified.

B1 is penalized and disqualified because throwing a punch at an opposing player is a violation of the rules and considered unsportsmanlike conduct. As a result, B1 is not only penalized but also disqualified from the game as a disciplinary action.

Explanation

B1 is penalized and disqualified because throwing a punch at an opposing player is a violation of the rules and considered unsportsmanlike conduct. As a result, B1 is not only penalized but also disqualified from the game as a disciplinary action.

8. Team A trails 7-6 with the clock running and 48 seconds remaining in the quarter. Team A has the ball at team B’s 11 yardline. A1’s run for no gain leaves team A with second and 10 from team B’s 11 yardline. Team A does not huddle and sets in a formation immediately. All team A players are set and the ball is legally snapped following the ready signal.

Team A should be flagged for unsportsmanlike conduct.

Team A should be flagged for a false start.

Team A must allow team B to substitute.

Legal only if it’s the second or fourth quarter and team A is obviously in a hurry-up offense.

Legal under any circumstance.

The situation described in the question does not indicate any violation of the rules. Team A is allowed to quickly set up and snap the ball without huddling, as long as they do so following the ready signal. There is no mention of any false start or unsportsmanlike conduct, and there is no requirement for Team A to allow Team B to substitute. Therefore, the action described is legal under any circumstance.

Explanation

The situation described in the question does not indicate any violation of the rules. Team A is allowed to quickly set up and snap the ball without huddling, as long as they do so following the ready signal. There is no mention of any false start or unsportsmanlike conduct, and there is no requirement for Team A to allow Team B to substitute. Therefore, the action described is legal under any circumstance.

9. Fourth and three for team A from its own 27 yardline. From behind the line of scrimmage, A1 pitches the ball backward toward A2. The pitch bounces off A2’s chest, but is caught by A3, who advances and is downed at team A’s 33 yardline.

Legal play under all circumstances.

The ball should be blown dead when A3 recovers it.

The play is legal because the pitch from A1 to A2 is considered a backward pass, which means that the ball is still live after it bounces off A2's chest. A3 is allowed to recover the ball and advance it, resulting in a legal play. The play continues until A3 is downed at team A's 33 yardline.

Explanation

The play is legal because the pitch from A1 to A2 is considered a backward pass, which means that the ball is still live after it bounces off A2's chest. A3 is allowed to recover the ball and advance it, resulting in a legal play. The play continues until A3 is downed at team A's 33 yardline.

10. A1 is in possession of the ball beyond the line of scrimmage when B2 grabs the inside back collar of A1’s shoulder pads or jersey and immediately pulls him toward the ground. Before A1 falls to the ground, he fumbles and B3 recovers.

No problem.

Foul on B2.

B2 committed a foul by grabbing the inside back collar of A1's shoulder pads or jersey and pulling him towards the ground. This action is considered illegal and results in a penalty. As a result of the foul, A1 fumbled the ball and B3 recovered it. Therefore, the correct answer is that there was a foul on B2.

Explanation

B2 committed a foul by grabbing the inside back collar of A1's shoulder pads or jersey and pulling him towards the ground. This action is considered illegal and results in a penalty. As a result of the foul, A1 fumbled the ball and B3 recovered it. Therefore, the correct answer is that there was a foul on B2.

11. Second and 10 for team A from team B’s 37 yardline. A1’s legal forward pass is intercepted by B2 at his own three yardline. B2’s momentum takes him into his own end zone. An official blows an inadvertent whistle.

Team A scores a safety.

Team B is awarded a touchback.

The momentum exception applies; team B willlikely choose to begin a new series at its own three yardline.

B2 should ignore the whistle and continue playing.

In this scenario, the correct answer is that the momentum exception applies and team B will likely choose to begin a new series at its own three-yard line. This is because B2 intercepted the pass and his momentum took him into his own end zone. However, an inadvertent whistle was blown, which means that the play should be considered dead at the moment of the whistle. According to the momentum exception, if a player's momentum carries them into their own end zone after gaining possession of the ball, the opposing team is given the option to start a new series at the spot where the player gained possession. Therefore, team B will likely choose to start at their own three-yard line.

Explanation

In this scenario, the correct answer is that the momentum exception applies and team B will likely choose to begin a new series at its own three-yard line. This is because B2 intercepted the pass and his momentum took him into his own end zone. However, an inadvertent whistle was blown, which means that the play should be considered dead at the moment of the whistle. According to the momentum exception, if a player's momentum carries them into their own end zone after gaining possession of the ball, the opposing team is given the option to start a new series at the spot where the player gained possession. Therefore, team B will likely choose to start at their own three-yard line.

12. K1’s free kick is muffed by R2 at team R’s 35 yardline. K3 attempts to recover the loose ball but causes it to go out of bounds at team R’s 30 yardline.

That’s a foul; team K has caused the kick to go out of bounds.

That’s not a foul.

In this scenario, K1's free kick is muffed by R2, which means that R2 failed to properly catch or control the ball. K3 then attempts to recover the loose ball but unintentionally causes it to go out of bounds. Since K3 is a member of the kicking team, their action does not result in a penalty or foul. It is not considered a foul because the ball going out of bounds was a result of K3's unsuccessful attempt to recover the ball, rather than any intentional or illegal action.

Explanation

In this scenario, K1's free kick is muffed by R2, which means that R2 failed to properly catch or control the ball. K3 then attempts to recover the loose ball but unintentionally causes it to go out of bounds. Since K3 is a member of the kicking team, their action does not result in a penalty or foul. It is not considered a foul because the ball going out of bounds was a result of K3's unsuccessful attempt to recover the ball, rather than any intentional or illegal action.

13. A forward pass ends when:

It is caught.

Hits the ground.

Goes out of bounds.

All of the above.

Only a. and b.

A forward pass can end in multiple ways. It can end when it is caught by a player, when it hits the ground, or when it goes out of bounds. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" because all of these options can signify the end of a forward pass.

Explanation

A forward pass can end in multiple ways. It can end when it is caught by a player, when it hits the ground, or when it goes out of bounds. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" because all of these options can signify the end of a forward pass.

14. R1 catches K2’s free kick at his own 18 yardline. During R1’s advance K3 attempts to break up the wedge of blockers ahead of R1 by throwing his body at the knees of R4 and R5.

Legal play.

K3 should be flagged for blocking below the waist.

K3 should be flagged for blocking below the waist because according to the rules of the game, it is illegal to block an opponent below the waist. In this scenario, K3 attempted to break up the wedge of blockers by throwing his body at the knees of R4 and R5, which is a clear violation of the rules. Blocking below the waist is considered dangerous and can cause serious injuries, so it is penalized to ensure the safety of the players.

Explanation

K3 should be flagged for blocking below the waist because according to the rules of the game, it is illegal to block an opponent below the waist. In this scenario, K3 attempted to break up the wedge of blockers by throwing his body at the knees of R4 and R5, which is a clear violation of the rules. Blocking below the waist is considered dangerous and can cause serious injuries, so it is penalized to ensure the safety of the players.

15. A1 and B2 are airborne and grab a legal forward pass thrown by A3. B2 touches the ground first followed by A1. Both players land inbounds.

It’s a simultaneous catch; it’s team A’s ball.

It’s a simultaneous catch; it’s team B’s ball.

It’s not a simultaneous catch.

In this scenario, both A1 and B2 catch the forward pass simultaneously and land inbounds. According to the rules, in the case of a simultaneous catch, the offense is awarded possession of the ball. Therefore, it is team A's ball.

Explanation

In this scenario, both A1 and B2 catch the forward pass simultaneously and land inbounds. According to the rules, in the case of a simultaneous catch, the offense is awarded possession of the ball. Therefore, it is team A's ball.

16. Tackle A1 retreats to block for a pass play and is engaged with defensive end B2. Blitzing linebacker B3 is heading unabated toward quarterback A4 when A1 extends his leg, which contacts B3’s leg and causes B3 to fall.

Legal play.

A1 is guilty of holding.

A1 is guilty of tripping.

A1 is guilty of a personal foul.

A1 is guilty of tripping because he extended his leg and made contact with B3's leg, causing B3 to fall. Tripping is a violation in football and is considered a foul.

Explanation

A1 is guilty of tripping because he extended his leg and made contact with B3's leg, causing B3 to fall. Tripping is a violation in football and is considered a foul.

17. First and 10 for team A from its own 20 yardline. Runner A1 is tripped attempting to break through the line and falls onto the back of a fallen player at team A’s 23 yardline. A1 is only on the player’s back for a split second before he regains his feet and advances to team A’s 33 yardline.

If the player A1 fell on was a teammate the ball is dead at team A’s 23 yardline.

If the player A1 fell on was an opponent the ball is dead at team A’s 23 yardline.

The ball remains live regardless of whether the player A1 fell on was a teammate or opponent.

In this scenario, the ball remains live regardless of whether the player A1 fell on was a teammate or opponent. This means that the play is still ongoing and the team A can continue to advance the ball. The fact that A1 briefly fell onto the back of a fallen player does not result in the play being dead.

Explanation

In this scenario, the ball remains live regardless of whether the player A1 fell on was a teammate or opponent. This means that the play is still ongoing and the team A can continue to advance the ball. The fact that A1 briefly fell onto the back of a fallen player does not result in the play being dead.

18. The game clock is running with 37 seconds left in the fourth quarter and team A trailing, 7-0. The umpire believes B1 is injured and the officials stop the clock.

The game clock restarts on the snap.

The game clock restarts on the ready.

In football, the game clock is typically stopped when there is an injury on the field. In this scenario, the umpire believes that player B1 is injured, so the officials stop the clock. When the game clock restarts, it will restart on the ready. This means that once the ball is set and the offense is ready to begin the next play, the game clock will start again. This is the correct answer because the game clock does not restart on the snap, which is when the ball is snapped to start the play.

Explanation

In football, the game clock is typically stopped when there is an injury on the field. In this scenario, the umpire believes that player B1 is injured, so the officials stop the clock. When the game clock restarts, it will restart on the ready. This means that once the ball is set and the offense is ready to begin the next play, the game clock will start again. This is the correct answer because the game clock does not restart on the snap, which is when the ball is snapped to start the play.

19. It is strongly recommended that each official should
blow his whistle at the end of a play.

True.

False.

The statement is false because using gender-specific language ("his whistle") excludes individuals who do not identify as male. It is more inclusive and respectful to use gender-neutral language, such as "their whistle" or "the whistle." This promotes equality and ensures that everyone feels included in the statement.

Explanation

The statement is false because using gender-specific language ("his whistle") excludes individuals who do not identify as male. It is more inclusive and respectful to use gender-neutral language, such as "their whistle" or "the whistle." This promotes equality and ensures that everyone feels included in the statement.

20. A1’s legal forward pass over the middle is trapped by
A2. The umpire has a clear view of the play.

The umpire cannot make a call; that’s the wingofficial’s call.

The umpire should use a secret signal to let the wingofficial know what he saw; the wing official then signals.

If the umpire clearly sees the trap, he must nothesitate to signal incomplete.

The correct answer is that if the umpire clearly sees the trap, he must not hesitate to signal incomplete. This means that if the umpire has a clear view of the play and sees that the ball was trapped by A2, he should immediately signal that the pass was incomplete. The umpire should not rely on the wing official to make the call in this situation.

Explanation

The correct answer is that if the umpire clearly sees the trap, he must not hesitate to signal incomplete. This means that if the umpire has a clear view of the play and sees that the ball was trapped by A2, he should immediately signal that the pass was incomplete. The umpire should not rely on the wing official to make the call in this situation.

21. Just after K1’s punt is airborne and untouched by team R, K2 blocks R3. The contact causes R3 to knock the punter to the ground.

No problem.

R3 has fouled if K2’s block was legal.

R3 has fouled if K2’s block was illegal.

R3 has fouled under any circumstances.

The correct answer is "No problem." In this scenario, R3 has not committed a foul because the contact with the punter was caused by K2's legal block. Therefore, there is no penalty or issue with the play.

Explanation

The correct answer is "No problem." In this scenario, R3 has not committed a foul because the contact with the punter was caused by K2's legal block. Therefore, there is no penalty or issue with the play.

22. Spearing:

Results in an automatic disqualification.

Involves any part of the helmet.

Involves the top of the helmet.

Can only be called against a defensive player.

Spearing is a penalty in football that occurs when a player uses the top of their helmet to initiate contact with another player. This action is deemed dangerous and can result in serious injury, so it is considered an automatic disqualification. It is important to note that spearing can only be called against a defensive player, as offensive players are not allowed to initiate contact with the crown of their helmet.

Explanation

Spearing is a penalty in football that occurs when a player uses the top of their helmet to initiate contact with another player. This action is deemed dangerous and can result in serious injury, so it is considered an automatic disqualification. It is important to note that spearing can only be called against a defensive player, as offensive players are not allowed to initiate contact with the crown of their helmet.

23. The clock is running with 11 seconds to play in the fourth quarter. Team A is out of timeouts but quarterback A1 runs up to the referee and requests a timeout.

The request is granted but team A will be penalized five yards for delay of the game.

The request is granted but team A will be penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct.

The request is denied.

The clock is running with only 11 seconds left in the fourth quarter, and Team A is out of timeouts. In this situation, the quarterback's request for a timeout should be denied because the team has already used up all their timeouts. The referee cannot grant a timeout in this case, and the game will continue without any stoppage.

Explanation

The clock is running with only 11 seconds left in the fourth quarter, and Team A is out of timeouts. In this situation, the quarterback's request for a timeout should be denied because the team has already used up all their timeouts. The referee cannot grant a timeout in this case, and the game will continue without any stoppage.

24. First and goal for team A on team B’s six yardline. A1 has both feet inbounds when he dives toward the goalie. The tip of the ball touches the front part of the pylon which is properly placed.

That’s a touchdown.

That’s a touchback.

The ball will be placed inches short of the goaline for second down.

The correct answer is "That's a touchdown." In football, a touchdown is scored when a player carries the ball across the opponent's goal line or catches a pass in the end zone. In this scenario, A1 has both feet inbounds and the tip of the ball touches the front part of the pylon, which is properly placed. This indicates that A1 has successfully crossed the goal line and scored a touchdown.

Explanation

The correct answer is "That's a touchdown." In football, a touchdown is scored when a player carries the ball across the opponent's goal line or catches a pass in the end zone. In this scenario, A1 has both feet inbounds and the tip of the ball touches the front part of the pylon, which is properly placed. This indicates that A1 has successfully crossed the goal line and scored a touchdown.

25. With 37 seconds to play in the fourth quarter team K’s attempted onside free kick travels eight yards when K1 catches the ball on the fly.

Legal play; it’s team K’s ball.

K1’s catch is a foul only if a team R player was inposition to catch the kick.

K1’s catch is a foul regardless if a team R player wasin position to catch the kick.

In football, an onside free kick must travel at least ten yards before the kicking team can legally recover the ball. In this scenario, the onside free kick only travels eight yards before K1 catches it. Regardless of whether or not a team R player was in position to catch the kick, K1's catch is considered a foul because the ball did not travel the required distance. Therefore, it is not a legal play and it remains team R's ball.

Explanation

In football, an onside free kick must travel at least ten yards before the kicking team can legally recover the ball. In this scenario, the onside free kick only travels eight yards before K1 catches it. Regardless of whether or not a team R player was in position to catch the kick, K1's catch is considered a foul because the ball did not travel the required distance. Therefore, it is not a legal play and it remains team R's ball.

26. Third and 12 on team A’s 26 yardline is an example of:

Double stakes.

Goal to go.

Cross field mechanics.

Third and 12 on team A's 26 yardline is an example of "Double stakes" because it refers to the situation where a team is facing a third down with 12 yards to go for a first down, and the line of scrimmage is on the team A's 26 yardline. "Double stakes" is a term used in football to indicate a critical situation where the offense needs to gain significant yardage to keep possession of the ball and avoid a turnover.

Explanation

Third and 12 on team A's 26 yardline is an example of "Double stakes" because it refers to the situation where a team is facing a third down with 12 yards to go for a first down, and the line of scrimmage is on the team A's 26 yardline. "Double stakes" is a term used in football to indicate a critical situation where the offense needs to gain significant yardage to keep possession of the ball and avoid a turnover.

27. R1 is in position to catch a punt. While the kick is in the air R1 uses his left hand in an obvious attempt to shade his eyes. After lowering his left hand he extends his right hand above his head and laterally waves it twice. R1 then makes the catch.

Shading the eyes constitutes an invalid fair catch signal.

Shading the eyes constitutes a valid fair catch signal.

Shading the eyes is legal.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

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28. Team A is flagged for illegal forward handing. The penalty includes loss of down.

True.

False.

The statement is true because if a team is flagged for illegal forward handing, they will receive a penalty which includes loss of down. This means that the team will not only lose the yards gained on the play but will also lose the opportunity to continue their offensive possession.

Explanation

The statement is true because if a team is flagged for illegal forward handing, they will receive a penalty which includes loss of down. This means that the team will not only lose the yards gained on the play but will also lose the opportunity to continue their offensive possession.

29. An official tries to throw his flag at the spot of a foul but the flag falls several feet short. After the ball is dead, the official should:

Leave the flag where it is.

Pick up the flag and move it to the proper spot.

As unobtrusively as possible, use a foot to move it to the proper spot.

After the ball is dead, the official should pick up the flag and move it to the proper spot. This is because the flag fell short of the spot of the foul, and it is the official's responsibility to ensure that the flag is correctly placed. Leaving the flag where it is would not accurately indicate the spot of the foul, and using a foot to move it would be unprofessional and potentially misleading. Therefore, picking up the flag and moving it to the proper spot is the appropriate course of action.

Explanation

After the ball is dead, the official should pick up the flag and move it to the proper spot. This is because the flag fell short of the spot of the foul, and it is the official's responsibility to ensure that the flag is correctly placed. Leaving the flag where it is would not accurately indicate the spot of the foul, and using a foot to move it would be unprofessional and potentially misleading. Therefore, picking up the flag and moving it to the proper spot is the appropriate course of action.

30. When conducting the coin toss, the referee should:

Face the scoreboard.

Have his back to the scoreboard.

Always have the home team’s captains on his left.

Always have the home team’s captains on his right.

When conducting the coin toss, the referee should face the scoreboard. This is because facing the scoreboard allows for better visibility and communication with the officials and players on the field. It also ensures that the referee can easily see and interpret any signals or instructions displayed on the scoreboard during the game. Having his back to the scoreboard would limit his ability to effectively communicate and make decisions based on the information displayed on the scoreboard. Additionally, the position of the home team's captains on the referee's left or right is not relevant to facing the scoreboard.

Explanation

When conducting the coin toss, the referee should face the scoreboard. This is because facing the scoreboard allows for better visibility and communication with the officials and players on the field. It also ensures that the referee can easily see and interpret any signals or instructions displayed on the scoreboard during the game. Having his back to the scoreboard would limit his ability to effectively communicate and make decisions based on the information displayed on the scoreboard. Additionally, the position of the home team's captains on the referee's left or right is not relevant to facing the scoreboard.

31. When the optional hot weather uniform is worn, the
officials should wear the same one-piece northwestern
style tube socks as they would with knickers.

True.

False.

The statement is false because it states that officials should wear the same one-piece northwestern style tube socks with the optional hot weather uniform as they would with knickers. However, this contradicts the information given in the question, which states that the optional hot weather uniform is worn. Therefore, officials should not wear the same socks as they would with knickers when wearing the optional hot weather uniform.

Explanation

The statement is false because it states that officials should wear the same one-piece northwestern style tube socks with the optional hot weather uniform as they would with knickers. However, this contradicts the information given in the question, which states that the optional hot weather uniform is worn. Therefore, officials should not wear the same socks as they would with knickers when wearing the optional hot weather uniform.

32. When there is a fumble or a muff and no possession
can be determined due to the pile of players, the referee
should stop the clock until possession is determined.

True.

False.

When there is a fumble or a muff and no possession can be determined due to the pile of players, the referee should stop the clock until possession is determined. This is true because in such situations, it is important to accurately determine possession before continuing the game. Stopping the clock allows the officials to properly assess the situation and make the correct call, ensuring fairness and accuracy in the game.

Explanation

When there is a fumble or a muff and no possession can be determined due to the pile of players, the referee should stop the clock until possession is determined. This is true because in such situations, it is important to accurately determine possession before continuing the game. Stopping the clock allows the officials to properly assess the situation and make the correct call, ensuring fairness and accuracy in the game.

33. First and goal from team B’s seven yardline. A1 carries the ball beyond team B’s goalline. The umpire sees the entire play and knows a touchdown has been scored. It’s OK for the umpire to signal touchdown.

True.

False.

The correct answer is False because according to the rules of football, only the referee has the authority to signal a touchdown. The umpire's role is to assist the referee and focus on specific aspects of the game, such as monitoring the offensive and defensive lines. Therefore, it is not okay for the umpire to signal a touchdown in this situation.

Explanation

The correct answer is False because according to the rules of football, only the referee has the authority to signal a touchdown. The umpire's role is to assist the referee and focus on specific aspects of the game, such as monitoring the offensive and defensive lines. Therefore, it is not okay for the umpire to signal a touchdown in this situation.

34. Fourth and 10 from team K’s 20 yardline. K1’s punt is blocked. The ball, which never crossed the neutral zone, rolls to team K’s 10 yardline. K3 recovers the ball and punts it again from his own 10 yardline.

The ball is dead when K3 recovers it.

The ball remains live when K3 recovers it.

The ball remains live when K3 recovers it because it never crossed the neutral zone before being recovered. In football, the neutral zone is the area between the two teams' lines of scrimmage. If the ball had crossed the neutral zone, it would be considered dead and the play would be over. However, since the ball never crossed the neutral zone, it is still considered live and K3 is allowed to punt it again.

Explanation

The ball remains live when K3 recovers it because it never crossed the neutral zone before being recovered. In football, the neutral zone is the area between the two teams' lines of scrimmage. If the ball had crossed the neutral zone, it would be considered dead and the play would be over. However, since the ball never crossed the neutral zone, it is still considered live and K3 is allowed to punt it again.

35. A fumble:

Is the same as a muff.

May be recovered and advanced by any player at any time.

Occurs when a player loses possession of a live ball other than by handing, passing or legal kick.

A fumble occurs when a player loses possession of a live ball, but not by handing, passing, or making a legal kick. It is different from a muff, and any player can recover and advance the fumbled ball.

Explanation

A fumble occurs when a player loses possession of a live ball, but not by handing, passing, or making a legal kick. It is different from a muff, and any player can recover and advance the fumbled ball.

36. Team A’s ball first and goal at team B’s six yardline. Runner A1 advances to team B’s three yardline. Tackle A2 turns so his back is to team B’s goalline, grabs A1 by the jersey and pulls him toward team B’s goalline. A1 falls over the goalline.

No problem; touchdown for team A.

A2 is guilty of illegal use of hands, a 10-yard penalty.

A2 is guilty of helping the runner, a five-yard penalty.

A2 is guilty of unsportsmanlike conduct, a 15-yard penalty.

A2 is guilty of helping the runner, a five-yard penalty. In football, it is illegal for a player to assist a runner by pulling or pushing them towards the goal line. A2's action of grabbing A1's jersey and pulling him towards the goal line violates this rule, resulting in a penalty. The penalty is five yards, which means that Team A's ball will be moved back five yards from the spot of the foul.

Explanation

A2 is guilty of helping the runner, a five-yard penalty. In football, it is illegal for a player to assist a runner by pulling or pushing them towards the goal line. A2's action of grabbing A1's jersey and pulling him towards the goal line violates this rule, resulting in a penalty. The penalty is five yards, which means that Team A's ball will be moved back five yards from the spot of the foul.

37. First and 10 for team A from its 20 yardline. Runner A1 is near the sideline at team A’s 25 yardline when he is met by several team B players. A1 is driven backward and out of bounds.

The clock should be stopped.

The clock should continue running.

The clock should continue running because the runner was driven out of bounds. When a player is forced out of bounds, the clock stops only in the last two minutes of each half. Since this scenario does not specify that it is within the last two minutes, the clock should continue running.

Explanation

The clock should continue running because the runner was driven out of bounds. When a player is forced out of bounds, the clock stops only in the last two minutes of each half. Since this scenario does not specify that it is within the last two minutes, the clock should continue running.

38. Third and 10 on team A’s 20 yardline. A1 drops back to pass and throws a forward pass to ineligible A2, who muffs the ball at team A’s 15 yardline. The pass falls incomplete.

No problem.

Illegal touching.

Illegal forward pass.

In this scenario, A1, the quarterback of team A, throws a forward pass to ineligible A2. However, A2 muffs the ball at team A's 15 yardline, resulting in an incomplete pass. The correct answer is "Illegal touching" because A2 is an ineligible receiver, meaning he is not allowed to touch or catch a forward pass. This violation leads to a penalty against team A.

Explanation

In this scenario, A1, the quarterback of team A, throws a forward pass to ineligible A2. However, A2 muffs the ball at team A's 15 yardline, resulting in an incomplete pass. The correct answer is "Illegal touching" because A2 is an ineligible receiver, meaning he is not allowed to touch or catch a forward pass. This violation leads to a penalty against team A.

39. R1 gives a valid fair-catch signal at his 35 yardline. The ball bounces off his shoulder pad and is still in flight behind him.

By muffing the ball R1 no longer has protection from contact.

R1 only has protection if the covering official rules he has a reasonable chance to catch the ball.

R1 only has protection if the covering official rules he has a reasonable chance to recover the ball.

When R1 muffs the ball, it means that he fails to catch it cleanly and it bounces off his shoulder pad. As a result, he loses the protection from contact that he would have had if he had caught the ball cleanly. The protection from contact is only given to the receiver if the covering official determines that he had a reasonable chance to catch or recover the ball. Since R1 muffed the ball, he no longer has that protection.

Explanation

When R1 muffs the ball, it means that he fails to catch it cleanly and it bounces off his shoulder pad. As a result, he loses the protection from contact that he would have had if he had caught the ball cleanly. The protection from contact is only given to the receiver if the covering official determines that he had a reasonable chance to catch or recover the ball. Since R1 muffed the ball, he no longer has that protection.

40. Team A, trailing by five points and out of timeouts, has the ball first and goal on team B’s 20 yardline. A2 catches a pass and is tackled inbounds on team B’s one yardline. During the down A2 was flagged for pass interference and the penalty is declined. The referee properly starts the clock on the ready signal.

If the clock expires before team A can snap the ball the period is extended for an untimed down.

If the clock expires before team A can snap the ball the game is over.

If the clock expires before team A can snap the ball, it means that time has run out for the period. In this scenario, team A was trailing by five points and out of timeouts, so they were unable to stop the clock. The fact that the penalty for pass interference was declined does not affect the timing of the game. Therefore, if the clock expires before team A can snap the ball, it means that the game is over.

Explanation

If the clock expires before team A can snap the ball, it means that time has run out for the period. In this scenario, team A was trailing by five points and out of timeouts, so they were unable to stop the clock. The fact that the penalty for pass interference was declined does not affect the timing of the game. Therefore, if the clock expires before team A can snap the ball, it means that the game is over.

41. Third and five on team A’s 35 yardline. A1 drops back to his 30 yardline but is unable to find an open receiver. As B2 applies pressure, A1 throws the ball to an area in which there are no eligible receivers. After the ball is thrown, B2 knocks A1 to the ground. The referee believes B2 could have avoided the contact.

Only A1’s foul is enforced.

Only B2’s foul is enforced.

The fouls offset.

The correct answer is that the fouls offset. This means that both A1 and B2 committed fouls, and therefore, the penalties for both fouls will be enforced. A1 threw the ball to an area with no eligible receivers, which is an intentional grounding penalty. B2 knocked A1 to the ground after the ball was thrown, which is a roughing the passer penalty. Since both players committed fouls on the same play, the penalties will offset each other and no yardage will be gained or lost.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the fouls offset. This means that both A1 and B2 committed fouls, and therefore, the penalties for both fouls will be enforced. A1 threw the ball to an area with no eligible receivers, which is an intentional grounding penalty. B2 knocked A1 to the ground after the ball was thrown, which is a roughing the passer penalty. Since both players committed fouls on the same play, the penalties will offset each other and no yardage will be gained or lost.

42. Team A breaks its huddle and realizes it has only 10 players on the field. A11 steps off the sideline and onto the field. All team A players are motionless for at least one second before the snap.

Legal under any circumstances.

Foul under any circumstances.

If A11 is positioned inside the numbers at some point before the snap and the officials do not believe A11 deceived team B, then it is legal for A11 to step off the sideline and onto the field. This means that as long as A11 is within the designated area of the field and there is no intention to deceive the opposing team, the action is allowed.

Explanation

If A11 is positioned inside the numbers at some point before the snap and the officials do not believe A11 deceived team B, then it is legal for A11 to step off the sideline and onto the field. This means that as long as A11 is within the designated area of the field and there is no intention to deceive the opposing team, the action is allowed.

43. Second and 20 for team A at its own 20 yardline. Cornerback B1 is flagged for illegal use of hands by obstructing eligible receiver A2. A3’s pass to A2 is complete. A2 is downed at team A’s 27 yardline. If accepted the penalty:

Is enforced from the end of the run.

Is enforced from the previous spot.

The penalty for illegal use of hands is enforced from the previous spot, which means that the penalty will be marked off from where the ball was originally snapped. In this scenario, the penalty occurred after the pass was completed to A2, so the penalty will be enforced from the previous spot (the 20 yardline). This will result in a loss of yardage for Team A and a new down.

Explanation

The penalty for illegal use of hands is enforced from the previous spot, which means that the penalty will be marked off from where the ball was originally snapped. In this scenario, the penalty occurred after the pass was completed to A2, so the penalty will be enforced from the previous spot (the 20 yardline). This will result in a loss of yardage for Team A and a new down.

44. With 3:03 to play in the first quarter on a third and seven play from team A’s 23 yardline runner A1 is downed at team A’s 29 yardline. The officials agree that team A is well short of a first down, but team A’s captain asks the referee to measure.

The referee is required to comply with the request and must measure.

Such a request must be denied if it is obvious team A is short.

The referee may comply if the team B captain has no objection.

The captain is not allowed to make such a request under any circumstances.

The correct answer is that the referee is required to comply with the request and must measure. This is because the rules state that if a captain asks for a measurement, the referee must comply regardless of the situation or whether it is obvious or not.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the referee is required to comply with the request and must measure. This is because the rules state that if a captain asks for a measurement, the referee must comply regardless of the situation or whether it is obvious or not.

45. K1’s punt is in flight 14 yards beyond the neutral zone when K2 catches it.

Legal play; it’s team K’s ball at the spot of recovery.

No foul if no team R player is in position to catchthe ball.

Kick-catching interference on K1.

According to the given information, K1's punt is caught by K2 14 yards beyond the neutral zone. In this situation, if no player from team R is in a position to catch the ball, it is considered a legal play. Therefore, there is no foul and it is team K's ball at the spot of recovery.

Explanation

According to the given information, K1's punt is caught by K2 14 yards beyond the neutral zone. In this situation, if no player from team R is in a position to catch the ball, it is considered a legal play. Therefore, there is no foul and it is team K's ball at the spot of recovery.

46. The onfield official responsible for the 25-second clock is the:

Referee.

Umpire.

Linesman.

Line judge.

Back judge.

The back judge is responsible for the 25-second clock on the field. This official is positioned deep in the defensive backfield and is responsible for keeping track of the play clock and signaling when it reaches 25 seconds. They ensure that the offense has enough time to snap the ball before the play clock expires. The back judge also has other responsibilities, such as monitoring the receivers and assisting with penalty enforcement.

Explanation

The back judge is responsible for the 25-second clock on the field. This official is positioned deep in the defensive backfield and is responsible for keeping track of the play clock and signaling when it reaches 25 seconds. They ensure that the offense has enough time to snap the ball before the play clock expires. The back judge also has other responsibilities, such as monitoring the receivers and assisting with penalty enforcement.

47. An official should have the whistle in his mouth from the snap until the ball is declared dead.

True.

False.

The correct answer is False because an official should have the whistle in his hand, not in his mouth, from the snap until the ball is declared dead. Having the whistle in the mouth would make it difficult for the official to communicate with the players and make calls effectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is False because an official should have the whistle in his hand, not in his mouth, from the snap until the ball is declared dead. Having the whistle in the mouth would make it difficult for the official to communicate with the players and make calls effectively.

48. To indicate double stakes, the officials should:

Cross their wrists at chest level.

Alternately move their index fingers back and forthat chest level.

Verbalize but not signal.

Place their hands on their hips.

To indicate double stakes, the officials should cross their wrists at chest level. This gesture is a clear and visible signal that communicates to the participants and spectators that the stakes have been doubled. It is a universally recognized gesture in many sports and is easily distinguishable from other hand gestures. By crossing their wrists at chest level, the officials ensure that their signal is easily visible and understood by everyone involved in the game.

Explanation

To indicate double stakes, the officials should cross their wrists at chest level. This gesture is a clear and visible signal that communicates to the participants and spectators that the stakes have been doubled. It is a universally recognized gesture in many sports and is easily distinguishable from other hand gestures. By crossing their wrists at chest level, the officials ensure that their signal is easily visible and understood by everyone involved in the game.

49. The box man will hold the previous spot with
previous down showing until:

The linesman instructs him to move.

The referee instructs him to move.

The ball is spotted by the umpire.

When the referee gives the ready for play.

The correct answer is "The linesman instructs him to move." This means that the box man will continue to hold the previous spot with the previous down showing until the linesman tells him to move. The other options, such as the referee instructing him to move or the ball being spotted by the umpire, do not indicate when the box man should move. Only the linesman's instruction is the trigger for the box man to move.

Explanation

The correct answer is "The linesman instructs him to move." This means that the box man will continue to hold the previous spot with the previous down showing until the linesman tells him to move. The other options, such as the referee instructing him to move or the ball being spotted by the umpire, do not indicate when the box man should move. Only the linesman's instruction is the trigger for the box man to move.

50. B1 attempts to tackle runner A2 by grabbing the inside back collar of A2’s shoulder pads or jersey and pulling. Before being brought to the ground, A2 fumbles. B3 recovers the loose ball.

The fumble recovery stands; it’s team B’s ball.

That is a horse-collar; the foul negates the fumble recovery.

The correct answer is that the foul negates the fumble recovery because B1 attempted to tackle runner A2 by grabbing the inside back collar of A2's shoulder pads or jersey and pulling, which is considered a horse-collar tackle. According to the rules, a horse-collar tackle is illegal and results in a penalty. Therefore, since B1 committed a foul, the fumble recovery by B3 is negated and it remains team A's ball.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the foul negates the fumble recovery because B1 attempted to tackle runner A2 by grabbing the inside back collar of A2's shoulder pads or jersey and pulling, which is considered a horse-collar tackle. According to the rules, a horse-collar tackle is illegal and results in a penalty. Therefore, since B1 committed a foul, the fumble recovery by B3 is negated and it remains team A's ball.

51. When a team’s request for a charged timeout is granted, the officials should:

Record the time on the game clock.

Record who made the request (player’s number, head coach or designee).

Confirm with each other the number of timeouts each team has remaining.

All of the above.

None of the above.

When a team's request for a charged timeout is granted, the officials should record the time on the game clock to ensure that the timeout is properly accounted for. They should also record who made the request, whether it was a player's number, the head coach, or a designee. This helps to keep track of which team called the timeout. Additionally, the officials should confirm with each other the number of timeouts each team has remaining to ensure that the correct number is reflected. Therefore, all of the above actions should be taken by the officials when a team's request for a charged timeout is granted.

Explanation

When a team's request for a charged timeout is granted, the officials should record the time on the game clock to ensure that the timeout is properly accounted for. They should also record who made the request, whether it was a player's number, the head coach, or a designee. This helps to keep track of which team called the timeout. Additionally, the officials should confirm with each other the number of timeouts each team has remaining to ensure that the correct number is reflected. Therefore, all of the above actions should be taken by the officials when a team's request for a charged timeout is granted.

52. First and 10 for team A from its own three yardline. A1 is three yards deep in his own end zone when he receives a backward pass from A2. Blitzing linebacker B3 hits A1 so hard that A1’s helmet flies off.

Team B scores a safety.

It’s a touchback; it will be team A’s ball first and 10 at its own 20 yardline.

The ball should be returned to the previous spot and the down counted.

In football, a safety is scored when the offensive team is tackled in their own end zone. In this scenario, A1 receives a backward pass from A2 while being three yards deep in his own end zone. When A1 is hit by B3 and his helmet flies off, it indicates that he has been tackled. As a result, Team B scores a safety. This means that Team A will lose two points and Team B will be awarded the ball. The correct answer states that Team B scores a safety, which accurately reflects the situation described.

Explanation

In football, a safety is scored when the offensive team is tackled in their own end zone. In this scenario, A1 receives a backward pass from A2 while being three yards deep in his own end zone. When A1 is hit by B3 and his helmet flies off, it indicates that he has been tackled. As a result, Team B scores a safety. This means that Team A will lose two points and Team B will be awarded the ball. The correct answer states that Team B scores a safety, which accurately reflects the situation described.

53. First and 10 for team A at its own 20 yardline. Quarterback A1 keeps the ball and is tackled by B5 at team A’s 35 yardline. In trying to fend off the tackle A1 grasps but does not pull or twist B5’s facemask.

Legal play.

Facemask foul; team A is penalized 15 yards.

Facemask foul; team A is penalized five yards.

Facemask foul; team A is penalized five yards and loss of down.

In this scenario, Quarterback A1 grasps but does not pull or twist B5's facemask. According to the rules, any contact with an opponent's facemask is considered a facemask foul. However, since A1 did not pull or twist the facemask, the penalty is only five yards. Therefore, the correct answer is "Facemask foul; team A is penalized five yards."

Explanation

In this scenario, Quarterback A1 grasps but does not pull or twist B5's facemask. According to the rules, any contact with an opponent's facemask is considered a facemask foul. However, since A1 did not pull or twist the facemask, the penalty is only five yards. Therefore, the correct answer is "Facemask foul; team A is penalized five yards."

54. Team A is granted a charged team timeout. After 20 seconds of the timeout have expired both teams are ready to resume play.

The game may resume.

Because team A called the timeout the game resumes whether team B is ready or not.

The game cannot resume until the full amount of the timeout has expired.

The correct answer is "The game may resume." This is because the question states that both teams are ready to resume play after 20 seconds of the timeout have expired. It does not specify that the full amount of the timeout needs to expire before the game can resume. Therefore, the game can continue even if the full timeout duration has not passed.

Explanation

The correct answer is "The game may resume." This is because the question states that both teams are ready to resume play after 20 seconds of the timeout have expired. It does not specify that the full amount of the timeout needs to expire before the game can resume. Therefore, the game can continue even if the full timeout duration has not passed.

55. Fourth and two at team B’s 28 yardline. Quarterback A1 takes the snap and fakes a handoff to A2, then hands the ball to A3. A2 bends forward at the waist and pretends he has the ball. A2 is hit at team B’s 31 yardline, where the impact causes the helmet to come completely off of A2’s head.

The ball is dead the second A2’s helmet comes off.

The ball remains live when A2’s helmet comes off.

When A2's helmet comes off, it does not automatically make the ball dead. The ball remains live because the play is still ongoing and the ball carrier, A3, has not been tackled or forced out of bounds. The helmet coming off does not affect the status of the play or the live ball.

Explanation

When A2's helmet comes off, it does not automatically make the ball dead. The ball remains live because the play is still ongoing and the ball carrier, A3, has not been tackled or forced out of bounds. The helmet coming off does not affect the status of the play or the live ball.

56. A1, approaching team B’s goalline and near the sideline, dives toward the end zone. B2 hits airborne A1, which knocks A1 out of bounds beyond the goalie extended. A1’s last contact with the ground was inbounds short of the goalline.

Touchdown.

Not a touchdown; the ball is marked at the spot where the ball crossed the sideline short of the goalline.

The correct answer is "Not a touchdown; the ball is marked at the spot where the ball crossed the sideline short of the goalline." In this situation, A1 was knocked out of bounds by B2 before reaching the goalline. According to the rules, a player must maintain possession of the ball and cross the goalline for it to be considered a touchdown. Since A1 was knocked out of bounds before reaching the goalline, it is not a touchdown and the ball is marked at the spot where it crossed the sideline.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Not a touchdown; the ball is marked at the spot where the ball crossed the sideline short of the goalline." In this situation, A1 was knocked out of bounds by B2 before reaching the goalline. According to the rules, a player must maintain possession of the ball and cross the goalline for it to be considered a touchdown. Since A1 was knocked out of bounds before reaching the goalline, it is not a touchdown and the ball is marked at the spot where it crossed the sideline.

57. K1’s kick try is blocked by R2. The ball, which never went beyond the neutral zone, is recovered on team R’s 13 yardline by K7, who advances into R’s end zone.

Team K scores one point.

Team K scores two points.

The ball is dead when it is certain the kick try would not score; K7’s advance is nullified.

In this scenario, K1's kick try is blocked by R2 and the ball does not go beyond the neutral zone. According to the rules, if it is certain that the kick try would not score, the ball is considered dead. Therefore, K7's advance into R's end zone is nullified and the ball is dead. No points are awarded to Team K.

Explanation

In this scenario, K1's kick try is blocked by R2 and the ball does not go beyond the neutral zone. According to the rules, if it is certain that the kick try would not score, the ball is considered dead. Therefore, K7's advance into R's end zone is nullified and the ball is dead. No points are awarded to Team K.

58. Fullback A1 bursts through the line and is grabbed around the legs by defensive tackle B2. Linebacker B3 uses his arm to put A1 in a side headlock and without grasping A1’s facemask or a helmet opening succeeds in helping bring A1 to the ground.

Legal.

B3 fouled.

The action described in the question is legal because linebacker B3 did not commit a foul. Although B3 used his arm to put A1 in a side headlock, he did not grasp A1's facemask or a helmet opening, which would be considered a foul. Therefore, the tackle made by B3, with the assistance of defensive tackle B2, is within the rules of the game.

Explanation

The action described in the question is legal because linebacker B3 did not commit a foul. Although B3 used his arm to put A1 in a side headlock, he did not grasp A1's facemask or a helmet opening, which would be considered a foul. Therefore, the tackle made by B3, with the assistance of defensive tackle B2, is within the rules of the game.

59. A1 is running for an apparent touchdown. Just before he reaches team B’s goalline, B2 knocks the ball out of A1’s grasp. The ball rolls into team B’s end zone and across the end line.

Team A scores a safety; B2’s bat provided the force.

Touchback for team B; the fumble provided the force.

In this scenario, Team B scores a touchback because the ball rolled into their own end zone and across the end line. A touchback occurs when the ball becomes dead in the possession of the defending team in their own end zone. The force that caused the ball to go into the end zone was the fumble by A1, not the bat by B2. Therefore, the correct answer is that team B is awarded a touchback and the fumble provided the force.

Explanation

In this scenario, Team B scores a touchback because the ball rolled into their own end zone and across the end line. A touchback occurs when the ball becomes dead in the possession of the defending team in their own end zone. The force that caused the ball to go into the end zone was the fumble by A1, not the bat by B2. Therefore, the correct answer is that team B is awarded a touchback and the fumble provided the force.

60. Team K is attempting an onside kick. The ball is rolling seven yards from team K’s free-kick line when it is touched by K1. That touching only slows the ball, which continues rolling. The covering official should:

Drop his penalty flag when the ball is touched.

Drop his beanbag when the ball is touched.

Give the start-the-clock signal when the ball is touched.

Give the stop-the-clock signal when the ball is touched.

When the ball is touched by K1, the covering official should drop his beanbag. This is because dropping the beanbag indicates that the kicking team has touched the ball, which is important for determining possession and potential penalties. In this scenario, the ball continues rolling after being touched, so the official should drop the beanbag to mark the spot where the touching occurred.

Explanation

When the ball is touched by K1, the covering official should drop his beanbag. This is because dropping the beanbag indicates that the kicking team has touched the ball, which is important for determining possession and potential penalties. In this scenario, the ball continues rolling after being touched, so the official should drop the beanbag to mark the spot where the touching occurred.

61. K1’s try hits the crossbar and caroms to R2, who is standing at team R’s two yardline.

R2 may advance under any circumstances.

R2 may advance only because he recovered the ball in the field of play.

The ball is dead when it hits the crossbar and rebounds toward the field.

When the ball hits the crossbar and rebounds toward the field, it is considered dead. This means that the play is over and no player, including R2, can advance the ball. R2 cannot advance under any circumstances in this situation.

Explanation

When the ball hits the crossbar and rebounds toward the field, it is considered dead. This means that the play is over and no player, including R2, can advance the ball. R2 cannot advance under any circumstances in this situation.

62. Before the game begins A1 reports to the umpire that he wants to play wearing a tinted eye shield.

No problem.

The umpire should tell A1 he may not play with the tinted eye shield under any circumstances.

A1 may play if he presents a letter from a licensed medical physician.

The correct answer is that the umpire should tell A1 he may not play with the tinted eye shield under any circumstances. This is because the question states that A1 wants to play wearing a tinted eye shield, and the correct answer states that the umpire should not allow this.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the umpire should tell A1 he may not play with the tinted eye shield under any circumstances. This is because the question states that A1 wants to play wearing a tinted eye shield, and the correct answer states that the umpire should not allow this.

63. A down is in progress. The scoreboard is equipped with a horn but it does not sound even though the clock reads 0:00.

The period is over.

The period doesn’t end until the horn sounds.

It is illegal for a scoreboard to be equipped with a horn.

The correct answer is "The period is over." This is because in most sports, when the clock reaches 0:00, it signifies the end of the period or game. The fact that the horn does not sound does not change the fact that the time has run out. The horn is simply a signal or alert, but it is not necessary for the period to be officially over.

Explanation

The correct answer is "The period is over." This is because in most sports, when the clock reaches 0:00, it signifies the end of the period or game. The fact that the horn does not sound does not change the fact that the time has run out. The horn is simply a signal or alert, but it is not necessary for the period to be officially over.

64. K1’s kick try with 6:18 to play in the first quarter isgood. While the kick is in flight R5 is flagged for grabbingand twisting the facemask of guard K9.

The penalty is automatically declined.

Team K may have the penalty enforced and the down replayed or have the penalty enforced on the succeeding kickoff.

If team K wants to accept the penalty, it can only be enforced on the succeeding kickoff.

The penalty for grabbing and twisting the facemask of guard K9 is automatically declined. However, if Team K wants to accept the penalty, they have the option to enforce it and replay the down, or enforce it on the succeeding kickoff.

Explanation

The penalty for grabbing and twisting the facemask of guard K9 is automatically declined. However, if Team K wants to accept the penalty, they have the option to enforce it and replay the down, or enforce it on the succeeding kickoff.

65. When a measurement occurs, the umpire:

Is in charge of the front stake.

Holds the ball in place on the ground.

Obtains a new ball from the ball person.

In the game being described, it is stated that when a measurement occurs, the umpire is in charge of the front stake. This means that the umpire is responsible for determining the distance between the front stake and the ball, which is an important aspect of the game. The other options, holding the ball in place on the ground and obtaining a new ball, are not mentioned in relation to the umpire's role during a measurement. Therefore, the correct answer is that the umpire is in charge of the front stake.

Explanation

In the game being described, it is stated that when a measurement occurs, the umpire is in charge of the front stake. This means that the umpire is responsible for determining the distance between the front stake and the ball, which is an important aspect of the game. The other options, holding the ball in place on the ground and obtaining a new ball, are not mentioned in relation to the umpire's role during a measurement. Therefore, the correct answer is that the umpire is in charge of the front stake.

66. Fourth and 11 for team K at the 50 yardline. K3 downs K10’s punt at team R’s 10 yardline. R7 is flagged for roughing the kicker. Team K accepts the penalty. The clock:

Starts on the snap.

Starts on the ready.

When a penalty is accepted, the clock typically starts on the snap. In this scenario, Team K accepts the penalty for roughing the kicker by R7. This means that the clock will start running again once the ball is snapped for the next play. Therefore, the correct answer is that the clock starts on the snap.

Explanation

When a penalty is accepted, the clock typically starts on the snap. In this scenario, Team K accepts the penalty for roughing the kicker by R7. This means that the clock will start running again once the ball is snapped for the next play. Therefore, the correct answer is that the clock starts on the snap.

67. When should the linesman and line judge immediately move toward team B’s goalline at the snap?

When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s five yardline.

When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s eight yardline.

When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s 10 yardline.

When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s five yardline, the linesman and line judge should immediately move toward team B’s goalline. This is because the five yardline is a critical point on the field where the offense is closer to scoring a touchdown. Moving towards the goalline allows the linesman and line judge to have a better view of potential touchdowns or infractions that may occur in the end zone.

Explanation

When the ball is snapped at or inside team B’s five yardline, the linesman and line judge should immediately move toward team B’s goalline. This is because the five yardline is a critical point on the field where the offense is closer to scoring a touchdown. Moving towards the goalline allows the linesman and line judge to have a better view of potential touchdowns or infractions that may occur in the end zone.

68. The back judge throws his flag for a live-ball foul.
The line judge, who had shared coverage responsibility on
the play, did not see a foul. The line judge:

Should throw his flag anyway; two flags lendscredibility to the call.

Should wait until the play is over, find out what theback judge saw, then throw his flag.

Should not throw his flag.

The line judge should not throw his flag because he did not see a foul. It is important for officials to only make calls based on what they personally witness and not rely on the judgment of other officials. Throwing a flag without actually seeing a foul would be a mistake and could lead to incorrect calls. It is better for the line judge to trust the judgment of the back judge and not interfere with the call.

Explanation

The line judge should not throw his flag because he did not see a foul. It is important for officials to only make calls based on what they personally witness and not rely on the judgment of other officials. Throwing a flag without actually seeing a foul would be a mistake and could lead to incorrect calls. It is better for the line judge to trust the judgment of the back judge and not interfere with the call.

69. Second and 12 on team A’s five yardline. Time for the first quarter expires during the down as quarterback A1 is sacked at his own two yardline. A3 is flagged for holding in the end zone.

If team B accepts the penalty, the period has ended.

If team B accepts the penalty, the period isextended for team A’s free kick.

If team B accepts the penalty, the period has ended because the penalty occurred on the last play of the first quarter. Therefore, the period cannot be extended for team A's free kick.

Explanation

If team B accepts the penalty, the period has ended because the penalty occurred on the last play of the first quarter. Therefore, the period cannot be extended for team A's free kick.

70. Team K’s kick try passes completely between both uprights and completely above the crossbar and beyond it. A gust of wind then blows back the ball, which lands in the end zone after passing above the crossbar on its way back.

The kick is no good

The kick is good.

The kick is good because according to the rules, as long as the ball passes completely between the uprights and above the crossbar, it is considered a successful kick. The fact that the ball was blown back by the wind and landed in the end zone does not affect the validity of the kick.

Explanation

The kick is good because according to the rules, as long as the ball passes completely between the uprights and above the crossbar, it is considered a successful kick. The fact that the ball was blown back by the wind and landed in the end zone does not affect the validity of the kick.

71. A legal forward pass has crossed the neutral zone when:

Any part of the ball is beyond the neutral zone.

The ball strikes the ground any player an official or anything else beyond the line inbounds.

The entire ball is beyond the neutral zone.

When a legal forward pass has crossed the neutral zone, it means that the entire ball has moved beyond the neutral zone. This means that no part of the ball is still within the neutral zone. It is important for the entire ball to be beyond the neutral zone in order for the pass to be considered legal. If any part of the ball is still within the neutral zone, the pass would be considered incomplete or illegal.

Explanation

When a legal forward pass has crossed the neutral zone, it means that the entire ball has moved beyond the neutral zone. This means that no part of the ball is still within the neutral zone. It is important for the entire ball to be beyond the neutral zone in order for the pass to be considered legal. If any part of the ball is still within the neutral zone, the pass would be considered incomplete or illegal.

72. Fourth and seven for team K from team R’s 30 yardline. K1’s field goal attempt is blocked behind the line and recovered there by K9, who advances. As K9 crosses team B’s five yardline, an official signals touchdown but does not blow his whistle. K9 continues over the goalline.

Touchdown for team K.

The ball is dead when the official signals; it’s first and goal for team K from team R’s five yardline.

The ball should have been blown dead the moment K9 recovered it.

The correct answer is "Touchdown for team K." The explanation is that according to the given scenario, K9 recovered the blocked field goal attempt behind the line and advanced to cross team B's five-yard line. The official signaled a touchdown but did not blow his whistle. Since K9 crossed the goal line, it is considered a touchdown for team K. The ball is dead when the official signals, and it will be first and goal for team K from team R's five-yard line. However, it is mentioned that the ball should have been blown dead the moment K9 recovered it, suggesting that there may have been an error in the ruling.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Touchdown for team K." The explanation is that according to the given scenario, K9 recovered the blocked field goal attempt behind the line and advanced to cross team B's five-yard line. The official signaled a touchdown but did not blow his whistle. Since K9 crossed the goal line, it is considered a touchdown for team K. The ball is dead when the official signals, and it will be first and goal for team K from team R's five-yard line. However, it is mentioned that the ball should have been blown dead the moment K9 recovered it, suggesting that there may have been an error in the ruling.

73. Team A has the ball first and 10 on its own 20 yardline. Quarterback A1 keeps the ball on an option play and is at team A’s 23 yardline when he is hit and fumbles. The ball rolls out of bounds at team A’s 25 yardline.

It will be team A’s ball second and seven on its 23 yardline.

It will be team A’s ball second and five on its 25 yardline.

The question states that Team A has the ball on their own 20-yard line and the quarterback fumbles at the 23-yard line. Since the ball rolled out of bounds at the 25-yard line, it means that Team A still retains possession of the ball. Therefore, it will be Team A's second down (second play) and five yards to go for a first down on their own 25-yard line.

Explanation

The question states that Team A has the ball on their own 20-yard line and the quarterback fumbles at the 23-yard line. Since the ball rolled out of bounds at the 25-yard line, it means that Team A still retains possession of the ball. Therefore, it will be Team A's second down (second play) and five yards to go for a first down on their own 25-yard line.

74. R1 muffs K2’s punt beyond the neutral zone. While the ball is loose K3 uses his hands to block R4 in the back above the waist while attempting to recover the loose ball.

Legal block since K3 is attempting to recover a loose ball.

Legal block since team R muffed the punt.

Legal block under any circumstances.

K3 is guilty of a block in the back.

K3 is guilty of clipping.

The correct answer is "Legal block since K3 is attempting to recover a loose ball." This is because in football, there are specific rules regarding blocking and blocking in the back. However, when a loose ball is in play, players are allowed to block opponents in order to gain possession of the ball. In this scenario, K3 is attempting to recover the loose ball and is using a legal block to do so, making it a legal play.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Legal block since K3 is attempting to recover a loose ball." This is because in football, there are specific rules regarding blocking and blocking in the back. However, when a loose ball is in play, players are allowed to block opponents in order to gain possession of the ball. In this scenario, K3 is attempting to recover the loose ball and is using a legal block to do so, making it a legal play.

75. Team A goes on offense for its first series of overtime. The opponent scored a field goal on its first series to make the score 10-7. A1’s pass is intercepted by B2, who advances to team B’s 17 yardline, where he’s hit and fumbles. A3 recovers at team B’s 20 yardline.

Team A will start a new series first and 10 at team B’s 20 yardline.

The game is over; team B wins 10-7.

In overtime, both teams get a chance to possess the ball unless the team that possesses the ball first scores a touchdown. In this scenario, Team A's first possession in overtime resulted in an interception by B2, who advanced to Team B's 17 yardline but fumbled. However, A3 recovered the fumble at Team B's 20 yardline. Since Team A still has possession of the ball, the game is not over. The correct answer, "The game is over; team B wins 10-7," is incorrect because Team A still has a chance to score and potentially tie or win the game.

Explanation

In overtime, both teams get a chance to possess the ball unless the team that possesses the ball first scores a touchdown. In this scenario, Team A's first possession in overtime resulted in an interception by B2, who advanced to Team B's 17 yardline but fumbled. However, A3 recovered the fumble at Team B's 20 yardline. Since Team A still has possession of the ball, the game is not over. The correct answer, "The game is over; team B wins 10-7," is incorrect because Team A still has a chance to score and potentially tie or win the game.

76. Team A has the ball on its own 20 yardline. It’s fourth down, but the officials think it’s third down and that’s what the box indicates. A1 throws an incomplete forward pass. Team A then punts, and R3 returns the kick for a touchdown. Team A’s head coach then points out to an official that a fifth down was run.

The officials correct the error by replaying fourth down.

Team A has the choice of replaying the down or accepting the results of the play.

The play stands; touchdown for team B.

In this scenario, the officials mistakenly thought it was third down when it was actually fourth down. Team A throws an incomplete pass on what they believe is third down and then punts. Team B returns the punt for a touchdown. After the touchdown, Team A's head coach points out the mistake to the officials, stating that a fifth down was run. However, the correct answer states that the play stands and it is a touchdown for Team B. This means that despite the mistake, the touchdown is still counted and the result of the play is valid.

Explanation

In this scenario, the officials mistakenly thought it was third down when it was actually fourth down. Team A throws an incomplete pass on what they believe is third down and then punts. Team B returns the punt for a touchdown. After the touchdown, Team A's head coach points out the mistake to the officials, stating that a fifth down was run. However, the correct answer states that the play stands and it is a touchdown for Team B. This means that despite the mistake, the touchdown is still counted and the result of the play is valid.

77. A1 jumps straight up and is airborne when he receives a pass one yard deep in team B’s end zone. As A1 gets his hands on the ball and while still airborne, B2 contacts A1, causing the receiver to first come to the ground at team B’s one yardline. A1 lands on his feet, regains his balance runs and is downed at team B’s five yardline.

Team A’s ball at team B’s one yardline.

Team A’s ball at team B’s five yardline.

Touchdown for team A.

According to the given scenario, A1 jumps up and catches the pass in team B's end zone. While still in the air, B2 makes contact with A1, causing him to first touch the ground at team B's one yard line. However, A1 lands on his feet, regains his balance, and runs to team B's five yard line before being downed. Since A1 was able to regain his balance and continue running after initially touching the ground, it can be concluded that he never fully went down. Therefore, the correct answer is that it is a touchdown for team A.

Explanation

According to the given scenario, A1 jumps up and catches the pass in team B's end zone. While still in the air, B2 makes contact with A1, causing him to first touch the ground at team B's one yard line. However, A1 lands on his feet, regains his balance, and runs to team B's five yard line before being downed. Since A1 was able to regain his balance and continue running after initially touching the ground, it can be concluded that he never fully went down. Therefore, the correct answer is that it is a touchdown for team A.

78. An official’s timeout occurs:

When a player appears to be injured.

When a first down is declared.

When either team scores a try.

All of the above.

None of the above.

An official's timeout occurs when a player appears to be injured, when a first down is declared, or when either team scores a try. This means that any of these events can trigger an official's timeout during a game.

Explanation

An official's timeout occurs when a player appears to be injured, when a first down is declared, or when either team scores a try. This means that any of these events can trigger an official's timeout during a game.

79. Team A has two timeouts remaining. With the clock running late in the first half substitute A12 runs from the team area onto the field and next to the line judge, who is standing between the sideline than the nine-yard marks. A12 requests a timeout. The timeout request:

Is granted.

Is not granted until A12 is positioned between the nine-yard marks.

Is not granted until A12 is positioned between the hashmarks.

In this scenario, the correct answer is that the timeout request is granted. This is because the question states that Team A has two timeouts remaining, and A12 runs from the team area onto the field and next to the line judge to request a timeout. There is no mention of any specific positioning requirements for A12 in order for the timeout to be granted. Therefore, the timeout request is granted regardless of A12's positioning on the field.

Explanation

In this scenario, the correct answer is that the timeout request is granted. This is because the question states that Team A has two timeouts remaining, and A12 runs from the team area onto the field and next to the line judge to request a timeout. There is no mention of any specific positioning requirements for A12 in order for the timeout to be granted. Therefore, the timeout request is granted regardless of A12's positioning on the field.

80. Eligible receiver A1 runs a curl route. Both of his feet are in team B’s end zone but his hands are over the field of play at team B’s one-half yardline when he catches a legal forward pass. Before A1 can turn, B2 hits A1 from behind and A1 falls with the foremost point of the ball on team B’s two yardline.

Touchdown because A1’s feet were in the end zone when he caught the pass.

Team A’s ball at team B’s one-half yardline because that’s where the ball was when A1’s forward progress was stopped.

Team A’s ball at team B’s two yardline because that’s where the ball was when A1 was downed.

The correct answer is "Team A’s ball at team B’s one-half yardline because that’s where the ball was when A1’s forward progress was stopped." This is because in football, the forward progress of a player is determined by the furthest point reached by any part of their body or the ball before they are tackled or downed. In this scenario, although A1's feet were in the end zone when he caught the pass, his forward progress was stopped at team B's one-half yardline when he was tackled by B2. Therefore, the ball is placed at that spot for Team A's possession.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Team A’s ball at team B’s one-half yardline because that’s where the ball was when A1’s forward progress was stopped." This is because in football, the forward progress of a player is determined by the furthest point reached by any part of their body or the ball before they are tackled or downed. In this scenario, although A1's feet were in the end zone when he caught the pass, his forward progress was stopped at team B's one-half yardline when he was tackled by B2. Therefore, the ball is placed at that spot for Team A's possession.

81. A1 throws the ball toward the opponent’s goalie from behind the neutral zone with an underhanded motion. Eligible receiver A2 catches the ball beyond the line of scrimmage. A1’s act is termed:

A legal forward lateral.

An illegal forward lateral.

A legal backward pass.

A legal forward pass.

An illegal forward pass.

A1's act is termed a legal forward pass because they threw the ball towards the opponent's goalie from behind the neutral zone with an underhanded motion. A2 then caught the ball beyond the line of scrimmage, which is allowed in a legal forward pass.

Explanation

A1's act is termed a legal forward pass because they threw the ball towards the opponent's goalie from behind the neutral zone with an underhanded motion. A2 then caught the ball beyond the line of scrimmage, which is allowed in a legal forward pass.

82. Which of the following are legal methods of tackling a runner?

A cross-body block at the knees from the front.

A trip using the leg or foot.

A cross-body block at the knees from behind and below the waist.

All of the above.

None of the above.

All of the methods mentioned in the options are legal methods of tackling a runner. A cross-body block at the knees from the front, a trip using the leg or foot, and a cross-body block at the knees from behind and below the waist are all acceptable techniques for tackling a runner within the rules of the sport.

Explanation

All of the methods mentioned in the options are legal methods of tackling a runner. A cross-body block at the knees from the front, a trip using the leg or foot, and a cross-body block at the knees from behind and below the waist are all acceptable techniques for tackling a runner within the rules of the sport.

83. To indicate a block below the waist, the referee should:

Strike one wrist with the other hand with the hands at or above his head.

Strike the back of his right leg with his right hand.

Strike his hips with his hands open and facing away from him.

Strike his knees with his hands.

Strike his right thigh with his right hand open and facing away from him.

The correct answer is "Strike his knees with his hands." This action indicates a block below the waist according to the given question.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Strike his knees with his hands." This action indicates a block below the waist according to the given question.

84. Following a safety:

Team K may punt the ball.

Team K may dropkick the ball.

Team K may have a player hold the ball in place on the ground for a placekick.

Team K may use a tee for a placekick.

All of the above.

Team K has multiple options for what they can do following a safety. They can choose to punt the ball, dropkick the ball, have a player hold the ball in place on the ground for a placekick, or use a tee for a placekick. All of these options are allowed and valid choices for Team K after a safety.

Explanation

Team K has multiple options for what they can do following a safety. They can choose to punt the ball, dropkick the ball, have a player hold the ball in place on the ground for a placekick, or use a tee for a placekick. All of these options are allowed and valid choices for Team K after a safety.

85. Fourth and 10 for team K from its own 20 yardline. K1’s punt is a low line drive that strikes blocking back K2 in the back at team K’s 15 yardline. The ball rolls out of bounds at team K’s 18 yardline.

The ball hitting K2 constitutes first touching.

The ball hitting K2 does not constitute first touching.

In order for first touching to occur, the kicking team must be the first to touch the ball after it has been kicked. In this scenario, K2 is a member of the kicking team and he is the first to touch the ball after it has been kicked by K1. Therefore, the ball hitting K2 does not constitute first touching.

Explanation

In order for first touching to occur, the kicking team must be the first to touch the ball after it has been kicked. In this scenario, K2 is a member of the kicking team and he is the first to touch the ball after it has been kicked by K1. Therefore, the ball hitting K2 does not constitute first touching.

86. The umpire should use a rubber band or similar
device on the hand opposite the one with the down
indicator to:

Serve as a backup in case one of his crewmatesforgets his down indicator.

Keep track of whether the clock is running orstopped.

Keep track of the quarter.

Keep track of the ball position on the field.

The umpire should use a rubber band or similar device on the hand opposite the one with the down indicator to keep track of the ball position on the field. This allows the umpire to easily and quickly determine the location of the ball during the game, which is crucial for making accurate calls and decisions. By using the rubber band or similar device, the umpire can ensure that they have a visual reference for the ball position at all times, improving the overall accuracy of their officiating.

Explanation

The umpire should use a rubber band or similar device on the hand opposite the one with the down indicator to keep track of the ball position on the field. This allows the umpire to easily and quickly determine the location of the ball during the game, which is crucial for making accurate calls and decisions. By using the rubber band or similar device, the umpire can ensure that they have a visual reference for the ball position at all times, improving the overall accuracy of their officiating.

87. Generally speaking, coffin corner mechanics should
be used:

Any time team K is in punt formation anywhere onthe field.

Any time team K is in punt formation at its own 45yardline.

Any time team K is in punt formation at or insideteam R’s 40 yardline.

Only if team K is in punt formation inside team R’s20 yardline.

The correct answer is "Any time team K is in punt formation at or inside team R’s 40 yardline." This means that the coffin corner mechanics should be used whenever the team K is in punt formation and they are at or inside team R's 40-yard line. This is because the coffin corner mechanics are designed to pin the opposing team deep in their own territory, and being at or inside the 40-yard line provides a good opportunity to do so.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Any time team K is in punt formation at or inside team R’s 40 yardline." This means that the coffin corner mechanics should be used whenever the team K is in punt formation and they are at or inside team R's 40-yard line. This is because the coffin corner mechanics are designed to pin the opposing team deep in their own territory, and being at or inside the 40-yard line provides a good opportunity to do so.

88. First and 10 from team A’s 20 yardline. A1’s run
ends on team A’s 24 yardline on the linesman’s side of the
field between the numbers and the hashmarks (first down
not an issue). To mark progress the linesman should:

Square up at the progress spot and move about fiveto six yards from the dead ball spot.

Square up at the progress spot and move up to thepile of the players that includes the runner.

Square up at the progress spot and move about 10yards from the dead ball spot.

Square up at the progress spot and remain on thesideline.

The linesman should square up at the progress spot, which is where the runner's forward progress ended, and then move about five to six yards from the dead ball spot. This allows the linesman to accurately mark the spot where the ball should be placed for the next down. By moving a few yards away from the dead ball spot, the linesman ensures that they have a clear view of the spot and can make an accurate marking.

Explanation

The linesman should square up at the progress spot, which is where the runner's forward progress ended, and then move about five to six yards from the dead ball spot. This allows the linesman to accurately mark the spot where the ball should be placed for the next down. By moving a few yards away from the dead ball spot, the linesman ensures that they have a clear view of the spot and can make an accurate marking.

89. The cross field mechanic:

Involves the referee and the umpire.

Helps the officials determine whether or not a pass is caught.

Helps the officials determine whether or not a fumble has occurred.

The cross field mechanic refers to a specific technique used by the wing official in football. When the wing official is unable to reach the spot or does not have a clear view, they rely on the opposite wing official to determine the forward progress of the ball. This technique helps ensure accurate decisions regarding forward progress when the wing official is unable to directly assess the situation.

Explanation

The cross field mechanic refers to a specific technique used by the wing official in football. When the wing official is unable to reach the spot or does not have a clear view, they rely on the opposite wing official to determine the forward progress of the ball. This technique helps ensure accurate decisions regarding forward progress when the wing official is unable to directly assess the situation.

90. An eligible team A receiver wearing number 99 catches a legal forward pass. As the covering official marks the spot he notices team A had another player wearing number 99.

No problem under any circumstance.

No problem unless both players participated on that play.

No problem that number 99 caught the pass as long as he reported to the referee before the play.

The correct answer is "No problem unless both players participated on that play." This means that if only one of the players wearing number 99 participated in the play, there is no issue. However, if both players wearing number 99 were involved in the play, it would be a problem as it violates the rules. The question also mentions that number 99 is not an eligible receiver's number, suggesting that there may be a penalty if the ineligible player caught the pass.

Explanation

The correct answer is "No problem unless both players participated on that play." This means that if only one of the players wearing number 99 participated in the play, there is no issue. However, if both players wearing number 99 were involved in the play, it would be a problem as it violates the rules. The question also mentions that number 99 is not an eligible receiver's number, suggesting that there may be a penalty if the ineligible player caught the pass.

91. A balanced formation means there are the same
number of eligible receivers outside of the tackles on both
sides of the formation.

True.

False.

A balanced formation refers to a formation in football where there are an equal number of eligible receivers on both sides of the formation, outside of the tackles. This means that the offense has an equal number of players who can potentially receive a pass on either side, making it more difficult for the defense to predict the direction of the play. Therefore, the statement "A balanced formation means there are the same number of eligible receivers outside of the tackles on both sides of the formation" is true.

Explanation

A balanced formation refers to a formation in football where there are an equal number of eligible receivers on both sides of the formation, outside of the tackles. This means that the offense has an equal number of players who can potentially receive a pass on either side, making it more difficult for the defense to predict the direction of the play. Therefore, the statement "A balanced formation means there are the same number of eligible receivers outside of the tackles on both sides of the formation" is true.

92. The spot where the runner’s knee touches the
ground is seldom if ever the forward progress spot.

True.

False.

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that the spot where the runner's knee touches the ground is not considered the forward progress spot. The forward progress spot is determined by where the runner's body is when they are ruled down, which is usually a few yards ahead of where their knee touches the ground. Therefore, the statement is true as the spot where the knee touches the ground is seldom, if ever, the forward progress spot.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer "True" is that the spot where the runner's knee touches the ground is not considered the forward progress spot. The forward progress spot is determined by where the runner's body is when they are ruled down, which is usually a few yards ahead of where their knee touches the ground. Therefore, the statement is true as the spot where the knee touches the ground is seldom, if ever, the forward progress spot.

93. A running play ends with the runner on the ground
inbounds near the hashmark. There is a pile of players
between the runner and the top of the numbers. To mark
the forward progress, the covering wing official should:

Go around the pile and mark the spot.

Jump over the pile and mark the spot.

Let the opposite wing or umpire mark the spot.

Pinch to the location of the pile and stop.

The correct answer is "Pinch to the location of the pile and stop." In this situation, the covering wing official should pinch, which means to move towards the location of the pile and stop. This allows the official to get a clear view of the spot where the runner's forward progress ended. Going around the pile or jumping over it may obstruct the official's view, and letting another official mark the spot may not provide an accurate assessment of the forward progress.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pinch to the location of the pile and stop." In this situation, the covering wing official should pinch, which means to move towards the location of the pile and stop. This allows the official to get a clear view of the spot where the runner's forward progress ended. Going around the pile or jumping over it may obstruct the official's view, and letting another official mark the spot may not provide an accurate assessment of the forward progress.

94. Which of the following is not an option for team R when a free kick from team K’s 40 yardline goes out of bounds untouched by team R?

A five-yard penalty enforced from the previous spot.

A new series at the yardline where the ball went out of bounds.

A new series after a five-yard penalty is enforced from the yardline where the ball went out of bounds.

A new series 25 yards in advance from the previous spot.

When a free kick from team K's 40 yardline goes out of bounds untouched by team R, the correct answer is that there will be a new series after a five-yard penalty is enforced from the yardline where the ball went out of bounds. This means that team R will have a new set of downs from the spot where the ball went out of bounds, but they will be penalized five yards from that spot. This penalty is enforced to discourage team R from intentionally allowing the ball to go out of bounds in order to gain a strategic advantage.

Explanation

When a free kick from team K's 40 yardline goes out of bounds untouched by team R, the correct answer is that there will be a new series after a five-yard penalty is enforced from the yardline where the ball went out of bounds. This means that team R will have a new set of downs from the spot where the ball went out of bounds, but they will be penalized five yards from that spot. This penalty is enforced to discourage team R from intentionally allowing the ball to go out of bounds in order to gain a strategic advantage.

95. Fourth and 10 for team K from its own 30 yardline. R1 makes a fair catch of K2’s punt near the sideline in front of team R’s bench. Team R desires to have the ball placed in the center of the field for the next play.

The request is denied.

The request is granted.

The request is granted because when a fair catch is made, the receiving team has the option to choose where the ball will be placed for the next play. In this case, Team R desires to have the ball placed in the center of the field, so their request is granted.

Explanation

The request is granted because when a fair catch is made, the receiving team has the option to choose where the ball will be placed for the next play. In this case, Team R desires to have the ball placed in the center of the field, so their request is granted.

96. Third and five on team A’s 20 yardline. A1 drops back to pass. From his 10 yardline and into a stiff wind A1 throws a pass forward, but the wind blows back the ball to team A’s five yardline, where it hits the ground. A1’s pass is:

Forward and the ball is dead.

Backward and the ball remains live.

Backward and the ball is dead.

Forward and the ball remains live.

The correct answer is "Forward and the ball is dead." This is because the question states that A1 throws a pass forward, and even though the wind blows the ball back, it still remains a forward pass. According to the rules of football, if a forward pass hits the ground before being caught, it is considered incomplete and the ball is dead.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Forward and the ball is dead." This is because the question states that A1 throws a pass forward, and even though the wind blows the ball back, it still remains a forward pass. According to the rules of football, if a forward pass hits the ground before being caught, it is considered incomplete and the ball is dead.

97. The neutral zone:

May be expanded into the end zone.

The neutral zone may be expanded to a maximum of two yards behind the defensive line of scrimmage in the field of play on any scrimmage plays. This means that the area between the offensive and defensive lines can be extended up to two yards behind the defensive line during any normal offensive play. This allows for more space for the offense to operate and for the defense to react. The neutral zone is an important concept in football as it determines the starting point for each play and affects the positioning and strategy of both the offense and defense.

Explanation

The neutral zone may be expanded to a maximum of two yards behind the defensive line of scrimmage in the field of play on any scrimmage plays. This means that the area between the offensive and defensive lines can be extended up to two yards behind the defensive line during any normal offensive play. This allows for more space for the offense to operate and for the defense to react. The neutral zone is an important concept in football as it determines the starting point for each play and affects the positioning and strategy of both the offense and defense.

98. K1’s punt from the 50 yardline hits the ground at team R’s two yardline. K5 bats the ball backward while it is over the end zone but has not touched the ground in the end zone. The ball bounces to team R’s four yardline where R2 recovers it. He advances the ball but is owned at his own 11 yardline.

Team R must take the ball at its own 11 yardline.

Team R must take the ball at its own 20 yardline.

Team R must take the ball at its own four yardline.

Team R must take the ball at its own two yardline..

Team R could take the result of the play or a touchback.

After K1's punt from the 50-yard line, the ball is batted backward by K5 while it is over the end zone but has not touched the ground. The ball then bounces to team R's four-yard line where R2 recovers it. According to the rules, if a punt is batted backward in the end zone and then recovered by the receiving team, it is considered a touchback. Therefore, Team R must take the ball at its own 20-yard line.

Explanation

After K1's punt from the 50-yard line, the ball is batted backward by K5 while it is over the end zone but has not touched the ground. The ball then bounces to team R's four-yard line where R2 recovers it. According to the rules, if a punt is batted backward in the end zone and then recovered by the receiving team, it is considered a touchback. Therefore, Team R must take the ball at its own 20-yard line.

99. Before the ready for play on a try team K requests that the ball be placed at the left hashmark. The kick is unsuccessful beyond the endline. While the kick is in flight R9 is flagged for holding. Team A accepts the penalty and requests that the ball be placed in between the hashmarks.

The request is granted.

The request is denied.

The request is granted because Team A accepted the penalty for holding and requested that the ball be placed in between the hashmarks. Since the kick was unsuccessful and R9 was flagged for holding, Team A has the option to accept the penalty and gain better field position by placing the ball in between the hashmarks. Therefore, the request is granted.

Explanation

The request is granted because Team A accepted the penalty for holding and requested that the ball be placed in between the hashmarks. Since the kick was unsuccessful and R9 was flagged for holding, Team A has the option to accept the penalty and gain better field position by placing the ball in between the hashmarks. Therefore, the request is granted.

100. Fourth and 17 for team K from its own 13 yardline. K1’s punt is high and short and hits the ground at team K’s 23 yardline. After the ball hits the ground R2 gives a fair-catch signal at team K’s 25 yardline. R2 attempts to recover the loose ball but muffs it and it rolls into team K’s end zone, where R3 falls on it.

Everything’s legal; team R scores a touchdown.

Team R scores a safety.

R2 has fouled; if the penalty is accepted it is enforced from the previous spot.

R2 has fouled; if the penalty is accepted it is enforced using post-scrimmage kick enforcement.

R2 has fouled; the touchdown counts but if the penalty is accepted it is enforced on the try.

In this scenario, R2 gave a fair-catch signal but then attempted to recover the loose ball after muffing it. This is a violation of fair-catch rules. According to post-scrimmage kick enforcement, if a penalty is accepted, the penalty is enforced from the previous spot, which in this case is the spot where the ball hit the ground at team K's 23 yardline. Therefore, R2's foul will result in a penalty for team R and the penalty will be enforced from the spot where the ball hit the ground.

Explanation

In this scenario, R2 gave a fair-catch signal but then attempted to recover the loose ball after muffing it. This is a violation of fair-catch rules. According to post-scrimmage kick enforcement, if a penalty is accepted, the penalty is enforced from the previous spot, which in this case is the spot where the ball hit the ground at team K's 23 yardline. Therefore, R2's foul will result in a penalty for team R and the penalty will be enforced from the spot where the ball hit the ground.

101. First and 10 for team A at team B’s 20 yardline. A1’s pass is intercepted by B2 at his own three yardline. B2 voluntarily runs into team B’s end zone. He simulates going to one knee then puts on a burst of speed advances to team B’s 37 yardline before he is downed.

Legal play; it’s team B’s ball at its own 37 yardline.

The ball is dead when B2 simulates taking a knee.line.

The momentum rule applies.

It’s a safety; team A scores two points.

The play is legal because B2 intercepted the pass and voluntarily ran into his own end zone. By simulating going to one knee, he declared himself down and the ball became dead at that point. However, he then advanced to his own 37 yardline before being downed. According to the rules, it is team B's ball at their own 37 yardline.

Explanation

The play is legal because B2 intercepted the pass and voluntarily ran into his own end zone. By simulating going to one knee, he declared himself down and the ball became dead at that point. However, he then advanced to his own 37 yardline before being downed. According to the rules, it is team B's ball at their own 37 yardline.

102. Fourth and seven for team K from team R’s 23 yardline. K1 wants to attempt a field goal via a drop kick. However he kicks the ball before it hits the ground. The ball goes between the uprights and above the crossbar.

Legal play; the field goal counts.

K1 is guilty of illegally kicking the ball.

It’s not a field goal; it’s simply a punt that went out of bounds.

In this scenario, K1 attempted a drop kick for a field goal, but he kicked the ball before it hit the ground. According to the rules, a drop kick must involve the ball hitting the ground before being kicked. Since K1 did not follow this rule, it is not considered a field goal. Instead, it is classified as a punt that went out of bounds.

Explanation

In this scenario, K1 attempted a drop kick for a field goal, but he kicked the ball before it hit the ground. According to the rules, a drop kick must involve the ball hitting the ground before being kicked. Since K1 did not follow this rule, it is not considered a field goal. Instead, it is classified as a punt that went out of bounds.

103. On second down late in the fourth period, A1 takes the snap and immediately throws the ball directly forward and to the ground to stop the clock. A1 received the snap in a shotgun formation.

Legal play under all circumstances.

A1 is guilty of an illegal forward pass.

A1 is guilty of an illegal forward pass because according to the rules of football, a forward pass must be thrown from behind the line of scrimmage. In this scenario, A1 received the snap in a shotgun formation, which means that he was already behind the line of scrimmage. However, instead of throwing the ball to a teammate, he threw it directly forward and to the ground. This constitutes an illegal forward pass since the ball was thrown from behind the line of scrimmage and did not reach the line of scrimmage before hitting the ground.

Explanation

A1 is guilty of an illegal forward pass because according to the rules of football, a forward pass must be thrown from behind the line of scrimmage. In this scenario, A1 received the snap in a shotgun formation, which means that he was already behind the line of scrimmage. However, instead of throwing the ball to a teammate, he threw it directly forward and to the ground. This constitutes an illegal forward pass since the ball was thrown from behind the line of scrimmage and did not reach the line of scrimmage before hitting the ground.

104. A double foul occurs when two or more live-ball fouls (other than nonplayer or unsportsmanlike) are committed by each team at such a time that the offended team is permitted a choice of penalties.

True.

False.

A double foul occurs when two or more live-ball fouls are committed by each team at such a time that the offended team is permitted a choice of penalties. Since the statement says "other than nonplayer or unsportsmanlike," it implies that the fouls being referred to are player fouls. However, in a double foul situation, the offended team is not given a choice of penalties. Instead, the fouls offset each other, and the down or play is replayed. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation

A double foul occurs when two or more live-ball fouls are committed by each team at such a time that the offended team is permitted a choice of penalties. Since the statement says "other than nonplayer or unsportsmanlike," it implies that the fouls being referred to are player fouls. However, in a double foul situation, the offended team is not given a choice of penalties. Instead, the fouls offset each other, and the down or play is replayed. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

105. Fourth and seven at team K’s 27 yardline. Team K is lined up with the kicker 10 yards behind the line of the scrimmage and no player in position to receive a direct hand-to-hand snap. Immediately at the snap noseguard R7 contacts snapper K6. Punter K3 takes the snap, fakes kick and runs. He is downed at team K’s 30 yardline.

R7 is not guilty of roughing the snapper because team K didn’t kick.

R7 is guilty of roughing the snapper even though team K didn’t kick.

R7 is guilty of roughing the snapper even though team K didn't kick because the rule states that a defensive player cannot contact the snapper until one second after the snap or until the snapper has a chance to protect himself. In this scenario, R7 contacted the snapper immediately at the snap, which is a violation of the rule. Whether or not team K actually kicked is irrelevant to the penalty.

Explanation

R7 is guilty of roughing the snapper even though team K didn't kick because the rule states that a defensive player cannot contact the snapper until one second after the snap or until the snapper has a chance to protect himself. In this scenario, R7 contacted the snapper immediately at the snap, which is a violation of the rule. Whether or not team K actually kicked is irrelevant to the penalty.

106. Early in the game, A1 is disqualified for fighting. With four minutes left in the fourth period, A1 enters the game and throws a touchdown pass.

It’s too late to do anything about it.

A1 is guilty of illegal participation.

A1 is guilty of unsportsmanlike conduct.

Team A’s coach is guilty of unsportsmanlike conduct.

A1 is guilty of illegal participation because they were disqualified for fighting earlier in the game and therefore should not have been allowed to re-enter the game. Their touchdown pass should not count as it was made while they were not eligible to participate.

Explanation

A1 is guilty of illegal participation because they were disqualified for fighting earlier in the game and therefore should not have been allowed to re-enter the game. Their touchdown pass should not count as it was made while they were not eligible to participate.

107. K1’s punt from his own 25 yardline is in the air over team R’s 45 yardline when R2 raises one hand over his head and waves it back and forth twice. The ball bounces off R2’s chest and rolls to the 50 yardline, where R3 recovers it while on his feet.

The ball remains live and R3 may advance.

The ball should be declared dead when R2 muffs it.

The ball should be declared dead when R3 recovers it.

When R3 recovers the ball while on his feet, the ball should be declared dead. This is because once a member of the receiving team gains possession of a kicked ball, the play is considered over and the ball is declared dead. Therefore, R3 cannot advance with the ball and the next play will start from the spot where R3 recovered it.

Explanation

When R3 recovers the ball while on his feet, the ball should be declared dead. This is because once a member of the receiving team gains possession of a kicked ball, the play is considered over and the ball is declared dead. Therefore, R3 cannot advance with the ball and the next play will start from the spot where R3 recovered it.

108. Fourth and 11 for team K from team R’s 28 yardline. K1’s field goal attempt is wide and lands untouched beyond the endline. At the snap, tackle R2 grabbed guard K3 and pulled him aside, clearing a path for R4 to attempt to block the kick.

Legal play.

The correct answer is that R2 has fouled; if team K accepts the penalty it results in fourth and one for team K from team R’s 18 yardline. The foul committed by R2, grabbing and pulling aside guard K3, is a penalty. If team K accepts the penalty, they will have a new set of downs with fourth and one from team R's 18 yardline.

Explanation

The correct answer is that R2 has fouled; if team K accepts the penalty it results in fourth and one for team K from team R’s 18 yardline. The foul committed by R2, grabbing and pulling aside guard K3, is a penalty. If team K accepts the penalty, they will have a new set of downs with fourth and one from team R's 18 yardline.

109. It is never under any circumstances legal:

For a team A lineman to receive a forward handoff.

To have more than one player in position to receive a hand-to-hand snap from between the snapper’s legs.

To use a punt as the free kick after a safety.

To have more than seven team A players on the line of scrimmage.

Having more than one player in position to receive a hand-to-hand snap from between the snapper's legs is never legal in football. The snap is typically given to the quarterback, who then decides what to do with the ball. Allowing multiple players to receive the snap would create confusion and could lead to unfair advantages or deceptive plays. Therefore, this action is against the rules of the game.

Explanation

Having more than one player in position to receive a hand-to-hand snap from between the snapper's legs is never legal in football. The snap is typically given to the quarterback, who then decides what to do with the ball. Allowing multiple players to receive the snap would create confusion and could lead to unfair advantages or deceptive plays. Therefore, this action is against the rules of the game.

110. Guard A1 is leading the blocking on a sweep. The free-blocking zone has disintegrated. Linebacker B2 comes up to make the play, but he is blocked by A1. The initial contact by A1 is on B2’s hands, which are above B2’s waist. A1 slides down and finishes the block below B2’s waist.

Legal block.

A1 should be flagged for a block below the waist.

The initial contact made by A1 on B2's hands, which are above B2's waist, is legal. A1 then slides down and finishes the block below B2's waist, which is also legal. Therefore, the block by A1 is considered legal.

Explanation

The initial contact made by A1 on B2's hands, which are above B2's waist, is legal. A1 then slides down and finishes the block below B2's waist, which is also legal. Therefore, the block by A1 is considered legal.

111. The player under the snapper:

Is considered a lineman.

Is considered a back.

Is considered neither a lineman nor a back.

The player under the snapper is considered a back because they are typically positioned behind the line of scrimmage and are involved in the passing and running plays. Linemen, on the other hand, are positioned on the line of scrimmage and are responsible for blocking and protecting the quarterback. Since the player under the snapper is not on the line of scrimmage and has a different role in the game, they are considered a back.

Explanation

The player under the snapper is considered a back because they are typically positioned behind the line of scrimmage and are involved in the passing and running plays. Linemen, on the other hand, are positioned on the line of scrimmage and are responsible for blocking and protecting the quarterback. Since the player under the snapper is not on the line of scrimmage and has a different role in the game, they are considered a back.

112. Second and 10 on team A’s 40 yardline. From his 30 yardline, A1 throws a forward pass that is caught on team A’s 33 yardline by eligible A2, who throws a forward pass traveling well downfield. At team B’s 23 yardline, eligible A3 and B4 contest for the pass. Clearly before the pass arrives, B4 prevents A3 from catching the pass.

No problem.

The only foul on the play is pass interference by B4.

The only foul on the play is an illegal forward pass by A2.

Both B4 and A2 have fouled; the penalties cancel.

The correct answer is that the only foul on the play is an illegal forward pass by A2. This is because A2 caught the pass from A1 on team A's 33 yardline and then threw a forward pass, which is not allowed. The fact that B4 prevented A3 from catching the pass does not matter because the initial pass by A2 was already illegal.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the only foul on the play is an illegal forward pass by A2. This is because A2 caught the pass from A1 on team A's 33 yardline and then threw a forward pass, which is not allowed. The fact that B4 prevented A3 from catching the pass does not matter because the initial pass by A2 was already illegal.

113. Team A runs a sweep to the linesman’s side of the
field. To properly cover the play, the linesman should:

Come a step or two onto the field and runbackwards to stay as far ahead of the play as possible.

Come a step or two onto the field and trail therunner slightly.

Trail the runner slightly and stay on or outside thesideline.

The correct answer is to trail the runner slightly and stay on or outside the sideline. This is the best option for the linesman to properly cover the play. By trailing the runner slightly, the linesman can keep a close eye on the action and be in a good position to make accurate calls. Staying on or outside the sideline allows the linesman to have a clear view of the play and avoid interfering with the players. Coming onto the field or running backwards may hinder the linesman's ability to accurately judge the play.

Explanation

The correct answer is to trail the runner slightly and stay on or outside the sideline. This is the best option for the linesman to properly cover the play. By trailing the runner slightly, the linesman can keep a close eye on the action and be in a good position to make accurate calls. Staying on or outside the sideline allows the linesman to have a clear view of the play and avoid interfering with the players. Coming onto the field or running backwards may hinder the linesman's ability to accurately judge the play.

114. The umpire signals the game clock to stop because A1 is bleeding. Team A requests and is granted a charged timeout. During the timeout, A1 receives medical treatment and the wound is properly covered with a legal bandage.

A1 need not leave the game.

A1 must sit out for at least one play.

During the charged timeout, A1 received medical treatment and the wound was properly covered with a legal bandage. However, according to the rules, if a player is bleeding, they must sit out for at least one play. Therefore, A1 must sit out for at least one play before being able to rejoin the game.

Explanation

During the charged timeout, A1 received medical treatment and the wound was properly covered with a legal bandage. However, according to the rules, if a player is bleeding, they must sit out for at least one play. Therefore, A1 must sit out for at least one play before being able to rejoin the game.

115. First and 10 on team A’s 26 yardline. Team A is in a formation with A1 directly behind the snapper seven yards behind the line. Immediately after the snap B3 charges directly at the snapper and contacts him by pushing him backward. A1 throws an incomplete pass.

B3’s action is legal.

B3’s action is a foul; the penalty is 15 yards from the previous spot and an automatic first down.

B3’s action is a foul; the penalty is 15 yards from the previous spot but not an automatic first down.

B3's action is legal because there are no restrictions on charging directly at the snapper. As long as there is no illegal contact or roughing the snapper, B3 is allowed to push the snapper backward. Therefore, there is no penalty or foul on B3's action.

Explanation

B3's action is legal because there are no restrictions on charging directly at the snapper. As long as there is no illegal contact or roughing the snapper, B3 is allowed to push the snapper backward. Therefore, there is no penalty or foul on B3's action.

116. Third and 10 for team A at its own 20 yardline. Wide receiver A1 running a pass pattern intentionally runs out of bounds at team A’s 40 yardline. He does not return inbounds until A2 has caught a legal forward pass at team A’s 35 yardline. A1 returns inbounds and blocks B3. A2 is downed at team A’s 45 yardline.

Legal play.

A1 is guilty of offensive pass interference.

A1 is guilty of illegal touching.

A1 is guilty of illegal participation.

A1 is guilty of illegal participation because he intentionally ran out of bounds and then returned inbounds to block B3. This is a violation of the rules as a player cannot leave the field of play and then re-enter to participate in the play.

Explanation

A1 is guilty of illegal participation because he intentionally ran out of bounds and then returned inbounds to block B3. This is a violation of the rules as a player cannot leave the field of play and then re-enter to participate in the play.

117. When a team consumes time by failing to unpile quickly the referee should:

Stop the clock and enforce a 15-yard penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct.

Stop the clock and enforce a five-yard penalty for delay.

Stop the clock but enforce no yardage penalty.

When a team fails to unpile quickly, it causes a delay in the game. In order to maintain the pace of the game, the referee should stop the clock to address this issue. Additionally, the referee should enforce a five-yard penalty as a consequence for the team's delay. This penalty serves as a deterrent and encourages teams to unpile quickly, preventing unnecessary delays in the game.

Explanation

When a team fails to unpile quickly, it causes a delay in the game. In order to maintain the pace of the game, the referee should stop the clock to address this issue. Additionally, the referee should enforce a five-yard penalty as a consequence for the team's delay. This penalty serves as a deterrent and encourages teams to unpile quickly, preventing unnecessary delays in the game.

118. A1 notices he is bleeding. Team A requests and is granted a charged timeout. During the timeout, A1 receives medical treatment, his bleeding stops and the wound is properly covered with a legal bandage.

A1 must stay out of the game for at least one down.

A1 may remain in the game because the problemwas corrected during the timeout.

During the charged timeout, A1 received medical treatment and his bleeding was stopped. The wound was also properly covered with a legal bandage. Since the problem was corrected during the timeout, A1 is allowed to remain in the game.

Explanation

During the charged timeout, A1 received medical treatment and his bleeding was stopped. The wound was also properly covered with a legal bandage. Since the problem was corrected during the timeout, A1 is allowed to remain in the game.

119. Fourth and 11 from team K’s 27 yardline. Snapper K1 initially moves the ball forward then attempts to snap it. After the backward motion of the snap begins but before K1 releases the ball, nose guard R9 reaches across the neutral zone and knocks the ball out of K1’s grasp. R11 recovers the loose ball.

Legal play; team R’s ball.

R9 is guilty of a dead-ball foul for encroachment.

K1 is guilty of a dead-ball foul for an illegal snap.

R9 is guilty of a dead-ball foul for unsportsmanlike conduct.

In this scenario, K1, the snapper for team K, initially moves the ball forward before attempting to snap it. This forward motion of the ball is considered an illegal snap, which is a dead-ball foul. Therefore, the correct answer is that K1 is guilty of a dead-ball foul for an illegal snap.

Explanation

In this scenario, K1, the snapper for team K, initially moves the ball forward before attempting to snap it. This forward motion of the ball is considered an illegal snap, which is a dead-ball foul. Therefore, the correct answer is that K1 is guilty of a dead-ball foul for an illegal snap.

120. The coin toss occurs:

Ten minutes before the scheduled starting time.

Five minutes before the scheduled starting time.

Three minutes before the scheduled starting time.

The coin toss occurs three minutes before the scheduled starting time. This is a common practice in many sports events, where a coin toss is used to determine which team gets to choose either the side of the field or the first possession. By conducting the coin toss a few minutes before the scheduled starting time, it allows the teams to make their decisions and prepare accordingly before the game officially begins.

Explanation

The coin toss occurs three minutes before the scheduled starting time. This is a common practice in many sports events, where a coin toss is used to determine which team gets to choose either the side of the field or the first possession. By conducting the coin toss a few minutes before the scheduled starting time, it allows the teams to make their decisions and prepare accordingly before the game officially begins.

121. It is not acceptable for the umpire to rule on a loose
ball in the end zone that is recovered by either team
provided he first checks with the wing officials prior to
giving any signal.

True.

False.

The correct answer is False. It is acceptable for the umpire to rule on a loose ball in the end zone without checking with the wing officials first. The umpire has the authority to make a ruling on any play, including loose balls in the end zone, without needing to consult with other officials.

Explanation

The correct answer is False. It is acceptable for the umpire to rule on a loose ball in the end zone without checking with the wing officials first. The umpire has the authority to make a ruling on any play, including loose balls in the end zone, without needing to consult with other officials.

122. Third and 27 for team A from its own 11 yardline. Quarterback A1 is under center when he takes the snap and throws a backward pass to fullback A2. Immediately upon receiving the pass, A2 gets off a quick kick. B3, who was blitzing on the play, takes three running steps and roughly knocks A2 to the ground.

No foul because team A was not in a scrimmage- kick formation.

No foul because A2 is by definition a back and not a kicker.

No foul because it wasn’t reasonably certain a kick would be made.

B3 is guilty of running into the kicker.

B3 is guilty of roughing the kicker.

B3 is guilty of roughing the kicker because, according to the given scenario, A2 received a backward pass and immediately performed a quick kick. This indicates that A2 was in a kicking position at the time of contact. Therefore, B3's rough contact with A2 after the kick is considered a foul.

Explanation

B3 is guilty of roughing the kicker because, according to the given scenario, A2 received a backward pass and immediately performed a quick kick. This indicates that A2 was in a kicking position at the time of contact. Therefore, B3's rough contact with A2 after the kick is considered a foul.

123. Fourth and seven for team K from its own 20 yardline. K1’s punt is a low line drive. R2, standing at team K’s 24 yardline, leaps in an attempt to knock down the kick. He only succeeds in deflecting the ball, which hits the ground at team K’s 27 yardline, where K3 falls on it.

It’s team R’s ball at team K’s 27 yardline.

It’s team K’s ball at team K’s 27 yardline.

The correct answer is "It's team K's ball at team K's 27 yardline." This is because R2's deflection of the punt does not change possession of the ball. Since K3 falls on the ball at the 27 yardline, it remains team K's possession at that spot. Therefore, it is team K's ball at team K's 27 yardline.

Explanation

The correct answer is "It's team K's ball at team K's 27 yardline." This is because R2's deflection of the punt does not change possession of the ball. Since K3 falls on the ball at the 27 yardline, it remains team K's possession at that spot. Therefore, it is team K's ball at team K's 27 yardline.

124. A1’s run results in a touchdown. During the run, B2 is flagged for grasping but not twisting A1’s facemask.

The penalty is automatically declined.

If team A accepts the penalty, it must be enforced from the succeeding spot.

If team A accepts the penalty, it must choose to have the penalty enforced on the subsequent kickoff.

The correct answer is "If team A accepts the penalty, it may choose to have the penalty enforced on the subsequent kickoff or from the succeeding spot." This means that if Team A decides to accept the penalty for the facemask violation, they have the option to either enforce the penalty on the subsequent kickoff or from the spot where the run ended.

Explanation

The correct answer is "If team A accepts the penalty, it may choose to have the penalty enforced on the subsequent kickoff or from the succeeding spot." This means that if Team A decides to accept the penalty for the facemask violation, they have the option to either enforce the penalty on the subsequent kickoff or from the spot where the run ended.

125. B12 enters to replace B1 after team A breaks its huddle. Realizing he won’t get to his own sideline in time, B1 runs to an area outside of the team box on team A’s side of the field. After B1 leaves the field the ball is snapped and A1 gains three yards on a running play.

The officials should let the play run.

The officials should not allow the ball to be snapped.

According to the rules, when a player leaves the field of play during a live ball, it is considered an illegal substitution. In this scenario, B1 left the field after team A broke their huddle and before the ball was snapped. This means that B1 was not properly replaced by B12 and the substitution was illegal. Therefore, the officials should not allow the ball to be snapped and should penalize team A for an illegal substitution.

Explanation

According to the rules, when a player leaves the field of play during a live ball, it is considered an illegal substitution. In this scenario, B1 left the field after team A broke their huddle and before the ball was snapped. This means that B1 was not properly replaced by B12 and the substitution was illegal. Therefore, the officials should not allow the ball to be snapped and should penalize team A for an illegal substitution.

126. Team A scores a touchdown. A1, the player who scored, is also team A’s placekicker. Substitute A12 replacing A2 enters the game carrying a special kicking shoe for A1.

A1 may not kick using a special shoe.

Team A must take a timeout in order for A1 to change shoes.

The referee should call an official’s timeout to give A1 time to change his shoe.

If the 25-second clock expires before team A snaps the ball team A is charged with a delay penalty.

If A1 wanted to he could kick while wearing no shoe on his kicking foot.

The given answer states that if the 25-second clock expires before team A snaps the ball, team A will be charged with a delay penalty. This means that if the offense does not snap the ball within 25 seconds after the previous play, they will be penalized. This penalty is called a delay penalty and is enforced to ensure that the game progresses at a reasonable pace.

Explanation

The given answer states that if the 25-second clock expires before team A snaps the ball, team A will be charged with a delay penalty. This means that if the offense does not snap the ball within 25 seconds after the previous play, they will be penalized. This penalty is called a delay penalty and is enforced to ensure that the game progresses at a reasonable pace.

127. First and 10 for team A from its own 20 yardline. Before quarterback A1 can throw a pass, eligible receiver A2 is blocked out of bounds by B3 at team A’s 33 yardline. A2 returns inbounds at his first opportunity, then catches a legal forward pass at team A’s 36 yardline. He advances to team A’s 45 yardline, where he is downed.

Pass interference by B3.

Illegal use of hands by B3.

Illegal touching by A2.

Illegal participation by A2.

Legal play.

In this scenario, eligible receiver A2 was blocked out of bounds by B3, but he returned inbounds at his first opportunity before catching a legal forward pass. As per the rules, if a receiver is forced out of bounds by a defender, they are allowed to re-establish themselves inbounds and become an eligible receiver again. Since A2 did this and then caught a legal pass, it is considered a legal play.

Explanation

In this scenario, eligible receiver A2 was blocked out of bounds by B3, but he returned inbounds at his first opportunity before catching a legal forward pass. As per the rules, if a receiver is forced out of bounds by a defender, they are allowed to re-establish themselves inbounds and become an eligible receiver again. Since A2 did this and then caught a legal pass, it is considered a legal play.

128. After the referee whistles the ready for team A’s try, kicker A2 legally enters the field. However, A2 is not wearing a shoe on his kicking foot.

Legal.

The referee should not allow to A2 to participate.

A referee’s timeout should be called until A2 hastwo shoes.

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

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129. On third and seven from team A’s 23 yardline A1, wearing number 77, is lined up as the fullback. Quarterback A2 takes the snap and throws a backward pass to A1, who throws a forward pass that is caught by eligible receiver A3 at team A’s 33 yardline. A3 runs for an apparent touchdown.

No problem.

That’s a foul; only players wearing a number from 1-49 or 80-99 may line up in the backfield.

That’s a foul only if A1 did not report to the referee before the play.

Foul; it is illegal to throw two passes during a down.

The correct answer is "No problem." This means that there is no penalty or foul on the play. The question describes a situation where A1, wearing number 77, is lined up as the fullback and receives a backward pass from the quarterback. A1 then throws a forward pass to A3, who catches it and runs for a touchdown. The answer indicates that there is no issue with this play, suggesting that there are no rules violated, and the touchdown is valid.

Explanation

The correct answer is "No problem." This means that there is no penalty or foul on the play. The question describes a situation where A1, wearing number 77, is lined up as the fullback and receives a backward pass from the quarterback. A1 then throws a forward pass to A3, who catches it and runs for a touchdown. The answer indicates that there is no issue with this play, suggesting that there are no rules violated, and the touchdown is valid.

130. Second and nine on team A’s 40 yardline. A1 fumbles at his 35 yardline. While the ball is loose a personal foul is called on A5 at team A’s 38 yardline. A2 recovers the fumble at his 33 yardline and advances to his 41 yardline. The penalty is accepted.

The penalty is enforced from the previous spot.

The penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul.L

The penalty is enforced from the spot of the fumble.

The penalty is enforced from the end of the run.

The correct answer is "The penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul." In football, penalties are enforced from the spot of the foul, which in this case is team A's 38 yardline. This means that the ball would be moved back 15 yards from that spot, resulting in team A starting their next play at their own 23 yardline. The fumble recovery and advance by A2 to his 41 yardline is irrelevant to the penalty enforcement.

Explanation

The correct answer is "The penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul." In football, penalties are enforced from the spot of the foul, which in this case is team A's 38 yardline. This means that the ball would be moved back 15 yards from that spot, resulting in team A starting their next play at their own 23 yardline. The fumble recovery and advance by A2 to his 41 yardline is irrelevant to the penalty enforcement.

131. A1’s run ends on the numbers on the line judge’s
side of the field and may be enough for a first down. The
line judge should:

Say “Close! Close!”

Give the timeout signal.

Hold the spot until a crewmate hands him the ball.

All of the above.

None of the above.

The line judge should say "Close! Close!" to indicate that the play was close to a first down. They should also give the timeout signal if the coach or team calls for a timeout. Finally, they should hold the spot until a crewmate hands them the ball to ensure an accurate measurement can be made. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Explanation

The line judge should say "Close! Close!" to indicate that the play was close to a first down. They should also give the timeout signal if the coach or team calls for a timeout. Finally, they should hold the spot until a crewmate hands them the ball to ensure an accurate measurement can be made. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

132. Fourth and 10 for team K from its own 20 yardline. K1’s punt is a low line drive that strikes lineman K2 in the back at team K’s 23 yardline. R3 picks up the ball at team K’s 25 yardline, advances to team K’s five yardline, then fumbles. Prone K1 recovers there.

The ball hitting K2 constitutes first touching.

The ball hitting K2 does not constitute first touching.

The ball hitting K2 constitutes first touching because K2 is a member of the kicking team and the ball struck him before it hit any player from the receiving team. According to the rules, if a member of the kicking team touches the ball first after it has been kicked, it is considered first touching. Therefore, when the ball hit K2, it resulted in first touching, and the subsequent actions of R3 and K1 are all valid based on this ruling.

Explanation

The ball hitting K2 constitutes first touching because K2 is a member of the kicking team and the ball struck him before it hit any player from the receiving team. According to the rules, if a member of the kicking team touches the ball first after it has been kicked, it is considered first touching. Therefore, when the ball hit K2, it resulted in first touching, and the subsequent actions of R3 and K1 are all valid based on this ruling.

133. Fourth and 10 for team K, which is ready to punt from its own 20 yardline. At the snap team K is flagged for an illegal formation. R1 catches the kick on the 50 yardline and advances to team K’s 45 yardline where his facemask is grabbed and twisted by K2. R1 fumbles and K3 recovers on team K’s 35 yardline.

Team R can accept both penalties.

Team R must choose which penalty to accept.

Team R must decline both penalties in order to get possession.

Team R must choose which penalty to accept because they have the option to enforce either the penalty for the illegal formation by Team K or the penalty for the facemask by K2. They cannot accept both penalties, as that would result in conflicting enforcement options. Declining both penalties would not give Team R possession of the ball, as possession is determined by the outcome of the play, which in this case is a fumble recovered by K3.

Explanation

Team R must choose which penalty to accept because they have the option to enforce either the penalty for the illegal formation by Team K or the penalty for the facemask by K2. They cannot accept both penalties, as that would result in conflicting enforcement options. Declining both penalties would not give Team R possession of the ball, as possession is determined by the outcome of the play, which in this case is a fumble recovered by K3.

134. Due to penalties team K’s free kick line is team R’s 30 yardline. K1’s free kick is high and over team R’s end zone when it K4 catches it on the fly. No R players were in the vicinity of the catch. The result of the play is:

Illegal touching foul on K4.

Touchback; team R’s ball on its own 20 yardline.

Touchdown for team K.

Since K4 caught the free kick in team R's end zone, it is considered a touchback. A touchback occurs when the receiving team catches the ball in their own end zone and decides not to advance it. As a result, team R will get the ball on their own 20-yard line. There is no penalty mentioned in the scenario, so the correct answer is "Touchback; team R's ball on its own 20-yard line."

Explanation

Since K4 caught the free kick in team R's end zone, it is considered a touchback. A touchback occurs when the receiving team catches the ball in their own end zone and decides not to advance it. As a result, team R will get the ball on their own 20-yard line. There is no penalty mentioned in the scenario, so the correct answer is "Touchback; team R's ball on its own 20-yard line."

135. Which of the following is true?

Team A scores a touchdown any time it possesses a live ball in the opponent’s end zone.

Team K players may not block team R players below the waist in an effort to “break up the wedge.”

A scoring kick is dead when it hits an upright or the crossbar unless the kick scores a field goal.

All of the above.

None of the above.

All of the statements provided are true. Team A scores a touchdown any time it possesses a live ball in the opponent’s end zone. Team K players may not block team R players below the waist in an effort to "break up the wedge". A scoring kick is dead when it hits an upright or the crossbar unless the kick scores a field goal. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Explanation

All of the statements provided are true. Team A scores a touchdown any time it possesses a live ball in the opponent’s end zone. Team K players may not block team R players below the waist in an effort to "break up the wedge". A scoring kick is dead when it hits an upright or the crossbar unless the kick scores a field goal. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above".

136. An official wishes to use cross field mechanics but
when the involved official looks for help, he finds that no
help is available. The involved official must:

Pick the best spot he can find.

Wait for the cross field official to pick the best spot.

Wait for the umpire to pick the best spot.

Wait for the referee to pick the best spot.

In the given scenario, the official wishes to use cross field mechanics but there is no help available. Therefore, the best course of action for the involved official is to pick the best spot he can find on his own. This allows him to make a decision based on his own judgment and the available resources, without relying on assistance from others who may not be present or available.

Explanation

In the given scenario, the official wishes to use cross field mechanics but there is no help available. Therefore, the best course of action for the involved official is to pick the best spot he can find on his own. This allows him to make a decision based on his own judgment and the available resources, without relying on assistance from others who may not be present or available.

137. Second and 10 on team A’s 20 yardline. A2, who jumped straight up into the air, gets both hands on the ball while airborne. B5 then shoves A2 so he lands out of bounds at team A’s 40 yardline. In the covering official’s opinion, A2 would have come down inbounds if he had not been contacted by B5.

Incomplete pass.

Completed pass at team A’s 40 yardline.

A2's action of getting both hands on the ball while airborne indicates that he had possession of the ball. However, B5's shove caused A2 to land out of bounds. According to the covering official's opinion, if A2 had not been contacted by B5, he would have come down inbounds. Therefore, the completion of the pass occurred at team A's 40 yardline.

Explanation

A2's action of getting both hands on the ball while airborne indicates that he had possession of the ball. However, B5's shove caused A2 to land out of bounds. According to the covering official's opinion, if A2 had not been contacted by B5, he would have come down inbounds. Therefore, the completion of the pass occurred at team A's 40 yardline.

138. When using coffin corner mechanics, the back judge and line judge:

Are positioned at or near the goalline.

Are positioned one yard deep in team R’s end zone.

Are positioned behind the pylon to see if the ball goes over, inside or outside it.

Use the same mechanics as for a normal punt.

The back judge and line judge are positioned behind the pylon to see if the ball goes over, inside, or outside it. This positioning allows them to have a clear view of the ball's trajectory in relation to the pylon. By being positioned in this way, they can accurately determine whether the ball crossed the goal line or went out of bounds. This is an important aspect of officiating in football to make fair and accurate calls.

Explanation

The back judge and line judge are positioned behind the pylon to see if the ball goes over, inside, or outside it. This positioning allows them to have a clear view of the ball's trajectory in relation to the pylon. By being positioned in this way, they can accurately determine whether the ball crossed the goal line or went out of bounds. This is an important aspect of officiating in football to make fair and accurate calls.

139. Team A moves to the line and all players are set. End A9 then slowly moves backward and continues moving backward as the ball is snapped. At the snap, A9 was in his backfield six yards behind his line.

Legal.

Illegal motion.

Illegal shift.

In American football, as long as a player is not moving forward at the time of the snap, they are allowed to move laterally or backward. In this scenario, A9 is moving backward at the time of the snap, which is legal. Therefore, the correct answer is "Legal."

Explanation

In American football, as long as a player is not moving forward at the time of the snap, they are allowed to move laterally or backward. In this scenario, A9 is moving backward at the time of the snap, which is legal. Therefore, the correct answer is "Legal."

140. Second and eight on team A’s 30 yardline. A1’s forward pass from his 20 yardline is tipped by B2 on team A’s 24 yardline. The pass travels to team A’s 35 yardline, where it is caught by A2, who advances to team A’s 45 yardline. Before A1’s pass left his hand tackle A7 wandered downfield to team A’s 35 yardline but did not block beyond the neutral zone.

A7’s foul is pass interference.

A7’s foul is ineligible illegally downfield.

The correct answer is No foul on A7. Because the pass was touched behind the neutral zone it is considered to be a pass that did not cross the neutral zone. This means that A7's presence beyond the neutral zone did not result in any penalty.

Explanation

The correct answer is No foul on A7. Because the pass was touched behind the neutral zone it is considered to be a pass that did not cross the neutral zone. This means that A7's presence beyond the neutral zone did not result in any penalty.

141. Which of the following is an illegal pass?

A backward pass thrown after a change of possession.

A shovel pass thrown forward.

A forward pass by an ineligible receiver.

None of the above.

All of the above.

None of the options listed in the question is an illegal pass. A backward pass thrown after a change of possession is legal as long as it is behind the line of scrimmage. A shovel pass thrown forward is also legal as long as it is done behind the line of scrimmage. A forward pass by an ineligible receiver is only illegal if the receiver is beyond the line of scrimmage when the pass is thrown. Therefore, none of the options qualify as an illegal pass.

Explanation

None of the options listed in the question is an illegal pass. A backward pass thrown after a change of possession is legal as long as it is behind the line of scrimmage. A shovel pass thrown forward is also legal as long as it is done behind the line of scrimmage. A forward pass by an ineligible receiver is only illegal if the receiver is beyond the line of scrimmage when the pass is thrown. Therefore, none of the options qualify as an illegal pass.

142. First and 10 for team A from its own 20 yardline. Quarterback A1 wears number 50. He is calling signals from directly behind the center and takes a hand-to-hand snap. A1 throws a backward pass to halfback A2, who scrambles to team A’s 11 yardline before throwing forward pass intended for A1, who is at team A’s 30 yardline. The pass is incomplete and untouched.

No problem; it’s second and 10.

A1 has fouled because the quarterback can never be an eligible receiver.

A1 is guilty of being an ineligible downfield because of his uniform number.

A2’s pass was illegal.

A1 is guilty of being an ineligible downfield because of his uniform number. In football, there are rules regarding which players are eligible to catch a forward pass. Typically, players who wear numbers 1-49 and 80-99 are eligible receivers, while players who wear numbers 50-79 are ineligible receivers. Since A1 wears number 50, he is considered an ineligible receiver. If an ineligible receiver goes beyond the line of scrimmage before the pass is thrown, it is considered a penalty. In this case, A1 went downfield before the pass was thrown, making him guilty of being an ineligible downfield.

Explanation

A1 is guilty of being an ineligible downfield because of his uniform number. In football, there are rules regarding which players are eligible to catch a forward pass. Typically, players who wear numbers 1-49 and 80-99 are eligible receivers, while players who wear numbers 50-79 are ineligible receivers. Since A1 wears number 50, he is considered an ineligible receiver. If an ineligible receiver goes beyond the line of scrimmage before the pass is thrown, it is considered a penalty. In this case, A1 went downfield before the pass was thrown, making him guilty of being an ineligible downfield.

143. First and 10 on team A’s 20 yardline. Quarterback A1 is flushed from the pocket and scrambles toward the sideline. As several team B players move in, A1 turns and, with an underhand motion, throws the ball backwards and out of bounds at team A’s seven yardline.

Legal play under any circumstance.

Legal play only because A1 threw the ball underhand rather than overhand.

Illegal pass.

The given correct answer is "Legal play under any circumstance." This means that the play described in the scenario is allowed according to the rules of the game. The quarterback, A1, is allowed to throw the ball backwards and out of bounds in order to avoid being tackled by the opposing team. The underhand motion of the throw does not affect the legality of the play.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Legal play under any circumstance." This means that the play described in the scenario is allowed according to the rules of the game. The quarterback, A1, is allowed to throw the ball backwards and out of bounds in order to avoid being tackled by the opposing team. The underhand motion of the throw does not affect the legality of the play.

144. It is considered a shift when quarterback A1, from a standing position about a yard behind the center, visually scans the defense before bending his knees and placing his hands under center.

True.

False.

The explanation for the correct answer is that when the quarterback visually scans the defense before bending his knees and placing his hands under center, it is considered a shift. This is because the quarterback is making a change in the offensive formation based on the defensive alignment. Therefore, the statement "It is considered a shift when quarterback A1, from a standing position about a yard behind the center, visually scans the defense before bending his knees and placing his hands under center" is true.

Explanation

The explanation for the correct answer is that when the quarterback visually scans the defense before bending his knees and placing his hands under center, it is considered a shift. This is because the quarterback is making a change in the offensive formation based on the defensive alignment. Therefore, the statement "It is considered a shift when quarterback A1, from a standing position about a yard behind the center, visually scans the defense before bending his knees and placing his hands under center" is true.

145. Team A’s formation has a snapper in the middle of the formation number 33, guards on either side of him wearing numbers 56 and 67, tackles on either side of the guards wearing numbers 64 and 50 and tight ends on both ends of the line wearing 82 and 44. Number 11 is under center and numbers 45 and 30 are lined up in an Iformation behind number 11. The ball is snapped with the players in those positions.

No problem under any circumstance.

No problem if it is first, second or third down.

No problem if it’s fourth down.

Foul under any circumstance.

The question states that the ball is snapped with the players in their designated positions. However, according to the given information, there is no mention of a quarterback in the formation. Number 11 is stated to be under center, which implies that they are the quarterback, but there is no indication of a quarterback position in the formation. Therefore, this is a foul under any circumstance.

Explanation

The question states that the ball is snapped with the players in their designated positions. However, according to the given information, there is no mention of a quarterback in the formation. Number 11 is stated to be under center, which implies that they are the quarterback, but there is no indication of a quarterback position in the formation. Therefore, this is a foul under any circumstance.

146. A substitute is a nonplayer.

True.

False.

A substitute is a nonplayer because they are not part of the starting lineup and are typically brought into the game to replace a player who is temporarily unable to participate. They are often used as replacements for injured or tired players, and their role is to provide fresh energy and skills to the team. Therefore, it is true that a substitute is a nonplayer.

Explanation

A substitute is a nonplayer because they are not part of the starting lineup and are typically brought into the game to replace a player who is temporarily unable to participate. They are often used as replacements for injured or tired players, and their role is to provide fresh energy and skills to the team. Therefore, it is true that a substitute is a nonplayer.

147. K1’s punt is caught by R2 at his own one yardline. R2 runs to his four yardline, where he is hit and fumbles. The ball rolls into team R’s end zone, where K3 and R4 simultaneously recover.

Team K scores a touchdown.

Team K scores a safety.

It’s a touchback; team R will start a new series at its own 20 yardline.

When R2 caught the punt and ran to his own four-yard line, he was hit and fumbled the ball. The ball then rolled into team R's end zone. Both K3 and R4 simultaneously recovered the ball in the end zone. Since the fumble occurred in team R's end zone and the ball was recovered by team K, it is considered a safety. A safety is awarded to the defensive team when the offense commits a foul in their own end zone. Therefore, the correct answer is that Team K scores a safety.

Explanation

When R2 caught the punt and ran to his own four-yard line, he was hit and fumbled the ball. The ball then rolled into team R's end zone. Both K3 and R4 simultaneously recovered the ball in the end zone. Since the fumble occurred in team R's end zone and the ball was recovered by team K, it is considered a safety. A safety is awarded to the defensive team when the offense commits a foul in their own end zone. Therefore, the correct answer is that Team K scores a safety.

148. Airborne A1 gets his hands on a pass at team A’s 30 yardline. Linebacker B2 grabs A1 and carries him back to team A’s 27 yardline. In the process A1 drops the ball, which rolls out of bounds at team A’s 32 yardline. A1 never touched the ground.

That’s an incomplete pass.

That’s a catch and a fumble; team A’s ball at its own 27 yardline.

That’s a catch and a fumble; team A’s ball at its own 30 yardline.

That’s a catch and a fumble; team A’s ball at its own 32 yardline.

Since A1 never touched the ground, the play is considered an incomplete pass. The fact that A1 dropped the ball and it rolled out of bounds does not change the ruling. The ball is dead at the spot where it went out of bounds, which is team A's 32 yardline, but the result of the play is still an incomplete pass.

Explanation

Since A1 never touched the ground, the play is considered an incomplete pass. The fact that A1 dropped the ball and it rolled out of bounds does not change the ruling. The ball is dead at the spot where it went out of bounds, which is team A's 32 yardline, but the result of the play is still an incomplete pass.

149. R1 muffs a free kick at his own 11 yardline. He recovers the loose ball at his own three yardline and his momentum takes him into his own end zone, where he is downed.

Team K scores a safety.

The ball was dead the moment it crossed the goalline.

It will be team R’s ball at its own three yardline.

It will be team R’s ball at its own 20 yardline.

The correct answer is that it will be team R's ball at its own three-yard line. This is because when R1 muffed the free kick and recovered the loose ball in his own end zone, it resulted in a touchback. A touchback occurs when the ball is dead in the end zone, and in this case, it crossed the goal line. Therefore, the result is a touchback and team R gets possession of the ball at its own 20-yard line.

Explanation

The correct answer is that it will be team R's ball at its own three-yard line. This is because when R1 muffed the free kick and recovered the loose ball in his own end zone, it resulted in a touchback. A touchback occurs when the ball is dead in the end zone, and in this case, it crossed the goal line. Therefore, the result is a touchback and team R gets possession of the ball at its own 20-yard line.

150. Second and 10 for team A from its own 20 yardline. The ball is snapped from the hashmark on the linesman’s side of the field. A1’s legal forward pass is incomplete, but B2 is flagged for pass interference. The foul occurs at team A’s 33 yardline on the hashmark on the line judge’s side of the field.

Team A will snap from the hashmark on the linesman’s side of the field.

Team A will snap from the hashmark on the line judge’s side of the field.

Team A will may choose to snap anywhere from between the hashmarks.

The correct answer is Team A will snap from the hashmark on the linesman’s side of the field. This is because the foul occurred at team A's 33 yardline on the hashmark on the line judge's side of the field. The hashmark on the linesman's side of the field is not mentioned in relation to the foul, so it is not affected by the penalty. Therefore, team A will snap from the hashmark on the linesman's side of the field.

Explanation

The correct answer is Team A will snap from the hashmark on the linesman’s side of the field. This is because the foul occurred at team A's 33 yardline on the hashmark on the line judge's side of the field. The hashmark on the linesman's side of the field is not mentioned in relation to the foul, so it is not affected by the penalty. Therefore, team A will snap from the hashmark on the linesman's side of the field.

151. An official’s penalty flag should be placed in a pocket
or in the belt so it is conspicuous; that lets the teams
know the officials intend to maintain control of the game.

True.

False.

Officials' penalty flags should not be placed in a pocket or in the belt. Instead, they should be attached to a belt loop or a penalty flag pouch on the waistband. This ensures that the flag is easily visible and accessible for the officials to use when necessary. Placing the flag in a pocket or in the belt may make it less conspicuous and harder for the teams to notice, potentially leading to confusion or misunderstandings during the game.

Explanation

Officials' penalty flags should not be placed in a pocket or in the belt. Instead, they should be attached to a belt loop or a penalty flag pouch on the waistband. This ensures that the flag is easily visible and accessible for the officials to use when necessary. Placing the flag in a pocket or in the belt may make it less conspicuous and harder for the teams to notice, potentially leading to confusion or misunderstandings during the game.

152. Team A scores a touchdown. The back judge is the
covering official. There are no flags on the play. The back
judge should:

Give the timeout signal, then the touchdown signal.

Give the touchdown signal, then the timeout signal.

Give only the timeout signal.

Give only the touchdown signal.

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Explanation

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153. K1’s punt is caught by R2 at his own one yardline. R2 runs to his four yardline, where he is hit and fumbles. The ball rolls into team R’s end zone, where K3 and R4 simultaneously recover.

Team K scores a touchdown.

Team K scores a safety.

It’s a touchback; team R will start a new series at its own 20 yardline.

R2 caught the punt at his own one-yard line and ran to his four-yard line before fumbling the ball. The ball then rolled into team R's end zone. Since the fumble occurred in team R's end zone and both K3 and R4 simultaneously recovered the ball, it is considered a safety. A safety is awarded to the defensive team when the offense commits a foul in their own end zone. Therefore, the correct answer is that Team K scores a safety.

Explanation

R2 caught the punt at his own one-yard line and ran to his four-yard line before fumbling the ball. The ball then rolled into team R's end zone. Since the fumble occurred in team R's end zone and both K3 and R4 simultaneously recovered the ball, it is considered a safety. A safety is awarded to the defensive team when the offense commits a foul in their own end zone. Therefore, the correct answer is that Team K scores a safety.

154. Team A has 11 players in the huddle. Just as the huddle is breaking substitute A12 enters the game and replaced player A5 immediately leaves the game.

Illegal substitution a five-yard dead-ball foul.

Illegal substitution a five-yard live-ball foul.

Legal.

In American football, teams are allowed to make substitutions during a dead-ball situation, such as when the huddle is breaking. As long as the substitution is made before the next play starts, it is considered legal. In this scenario, substitute A12 entered the game before the next play started, replacing player A5 who immediately left the game. Therefore, the substitution is legal and there is no penalty.

Explanation

In American football, teams are allowed to make substitutions during a dead-ball situation, such as when the huddle is breaking. As long as the substitution is made before the next play starts, it is considered legal. In this scenario, substitute A12 entered the game before the next play started, replacing player A5 who immediately left the game. Therefore, the substitution is legal and there is no penalty.

155. K1’s untouched free kick hits the ground at team R’s three yardline midway between the hashmarks and the sideline. The ball rolls beyond the endline and is properly ruled a touchback.

The ball will be spotted on team R’s 20 yardline anywhere between the hashmarks that team A chooses.

The correct answer is that the ball will be spotted on team R's 20 yardline anywhere between the hashmarks that team A chooses. This is because when a free kick goes untouched and rolls beyond the endline, it is ruled a touchback. In this case, team A (the kicking team) has the choice to spot the ball anywhere between the hashmarks on team R's 20 yardline.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the ball will be spotted on team R's 20 yardline anywhere between the hashmarks that team A chooses. This is because when a free kick goes untouched and rolls beyond the endline, it is ruled a touchback. In this case, team A (the kicking team) has the choice to spot the ball anywhere between the hashmarks on team R's 20 yardline.

156. Team A:

Is the team that snaps or kicks the ball.

Is the same as the offense.

Retains that designation even if there is a change of possession during the down.

Always refers to the home team.

The correct answer is "Retains that designation even if there is a change of possession during the down." This means that regardless of which team has possession of the ball during a play, the team that initially snapped or kicked the ball is still referred to as "Team A." This designation does not change throughout the down, even if there is a turnover or change of possession.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Retains that designation even if there is a change of possession during the down." This means that regardless of which team has possession of the ball during a play, the team that initially snapped or kicked the ball is still referred to as "Team A." This designation does not change throughout the down, even if there is a turnover or change of possession.

157. Fourth and 10 from team K’s three yardline. The snap bounces back to punter K1, who catches the ball on one hop. K1 starts to run then comes to a sudden stop and gets off a punt. R2 doesn’t touch the ball and tackles K1 while K1’s kicking foot is still in the air.

Legal play because it wasn’t reasonably certain K1 would kick.

Roughing the kicker, a 15-yard foul.

Running into the kicker, a five-yard foul.

No foul if K1 was outside the tackle box when he kicked the ball.

Foul regardless if K1 was outside the tackle box when he kicked the ball.

The correct answer is "Legal play because it wasn’t reasonably certain K1 would kick." This is because according to the rules, if it is not reasonably certain that the punter will kick the ball, the defense is allowed to tackle the punter. In this situation, K1 started to run and then came to a sudden stop before punting the ball, indicating that it was not reasonably certain that he would kick. Therefore, the tackle on K1 is considered legal.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Legal play because it wasn’t reasonably certain K1 would kick." This is because according to the rules, if it is not reasonably certain that the punter will kick the ball, the defense is allowed to tackle the punter. In this situation, K1 started to run and then came to a sudden stop before punting the ball, indicating that it was not reasonably certain that he would kick. Therefore, the tackle on K1 is considered legal.

158. Team A is moving left to right as the line judge views
the field. The line judge notices that the eligible receiver
nearest him is lined up in the backfield. The line judge
should:

Extend his right arm until the ball is snapped.

Extend his right arm until the linesmanacknowledges the signal, then the arm can be dropped.

Extend his left arm until the ball is snapped.

Extend his left arm until the linesman acknowledgesthe signal, then the arm can be dropped.

Touch the top of the hat with a flat palm.

The line judge should extend his left arm until the linesman acknowledges the signal, then the arm can be dropped. This is because the eligible receiver nearest to the line judge is lined up in the backfield. By extending his left arm, the line judge is indicating to the linesman that there is an eligible receiver in the backfield. Once the linesman acknowledges the signal, the line judge can drop his arm. Touching the top of the hat with a flat palm is not the correct signal in this situation.

Explanation

The line judge should extend his left arm until the linesman acknowledges the signal, then the arm can be dropped. This is because the eligible receiver nearest to the line judge is lined up in the backfield. By extending his left arm, the line judge is indicating to the linesman that there is an eligible receiver in the backfield. Once the linesman acknowledges the signal, the line judge can drop his arm. Touching the top of the hat with a flat palm is not the correct signal in this situation.

159. Fourth and 10 at team R’s 40 yardline. K1’s untouched punt lands in team R’s end zone. During the kick R2 blocks K3 below the waist at team R’s 25 yardline.

The penalty is enforced from the previous spot.

The penalty is enforced from the spot of the foul.

The correct answer is that the result of the play is a touchback and postscrimmage kick enforcement applies; the penalty is enforced from team R’s 20 yardline. This means that since the punt landed in team R's end zone, it is a touchback and the ball is placed on team R's 20 yardline. Additionally, the penalty for blocking below the waist by R2 is enforced from the spot of the foul, which was at team R's 25 yardline.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the result of the play is a touchback and postscrimmage kick enforcement applies; the penalty is enforced from team R’s 20 yardline. This means that since the punt landed in team R's end zone, it is a touchback and the ball is placed on team R's 20 yardline. Additionally, the penalty for blocking below the waist by R2 is enforced from the spot of the foul, which was at team R's 25 yardline.

160. Fourth and three for team A from team B’s 22 yardline. Team A lines up as if to try a field goal and A1 is in kicking position. The snap goes to holder A2, who has his right knee on the ground when he grabs the snap. Without lifting the right knee A2 throws a forward pass to eligible A3, who catches the pass and runs into the end zone.

A2’s pass is illegal.

A2’s pass is legal; touchdown for team A.

The ball is dead when A2 throws the pass.

The penalty is five yards from the spot of the pass.

The penalty is five yards from the previous spot.

According to the rules of football, when the holder has his knee on the ground during a field goal attempt, it is considered a dead ball. Therefore, any forward pass thrown by the holder in this position would be illegal. In this scenario, A2's pass is illegal because the ball is dead when he throws it.

Explanation

According to the rules of football, when the holder has his knee on the ground during a field goal attempt, it is considered a dead ball. Therefore, any forward pass thrown by the holder in this position would be illegal. In this scenario, A2's pass is illegal because the ball is dead when he throws it.

161. A12 enters Team A’s huddle and informs A11 he is to leave the game. Within three seconds, the huddle breaks and A11 begins to leave the field.

Illegal substitution, a live-ball foul.

Illegal substitution, a dead-ball foul.

No problem.

In this scenario, A12 enters Team A's huddle and informs A11 that he is to leave the game. Within three seconds, the huddle breaks and A11 begins to leave the field. This situation does not result in any penalty or foul. There is no violation of the rules, and the action of A11 leaving the field is allowed without any consequences. Therefore, the correct answer is "No problem."

Explanation

In this scenario, A12 enters Team A's huddle and informs A11 that he is to leave the game. Within three seconds, the huddle breaks and A11 begins to leave the field. This situation does not result in any penalty or foul. There is no violation of the rules, and the action of A11 leaving the field is allowed without any consequences. Therefore, the correct answer is "No problem."

162. B1 intercepts a pass at his own 30 yardline. The covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot of the interception.

True.

False.

The covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot of the interception. This statement is false. According to the rules, the covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot where the possession changes, which in this case would be the 30-yard line. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation

The covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot of the interception. This statement is false. According to the rules, the covering official should drop his beanbag at the spot where the possession changes, which in this case would be the 30-yard line. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

163. Responsibility for stopping the clock for a potential first down rests with the:

Referee.

Umpire.

Linesman.

Line judge.

Back judge.

The line judge is responsible for stopping the clock for a potential first down. This is because the line judge is positioned on the sideline near the line of scrimmage and has a clear view of the play and the spot where the ball is placed. They are responsible for signaling whether the play resulted in a first down or not, and part of that responsibility includes stopping the clock to allow for the measurement or to give the offense time to set up for the next play.

Explanation

The line judge is responsible for stopping the clock for a potential first down. This is because the line judge is positioned on the sideline near the line of scrimmage and has a clear view of the play and the spot where the ball is placed. They are responsible for signaling whether the play resulted in a first down or not, and part of that responsibility includes stopping the clock to allow for the measurement or to give the offense time to set up for the next play.

164. An onside kick is anticipated. Assuming the spot for
the kick has not been moved by penalty, the umpire’s
position is:

On team K’s free kick line.

On team R’s free kick line.

On team R’s 45 yardline.

On team R’s 40 yardline.

The correct answer is on team R's free kick line. In football, an onside kick is a type of kickoff where the kicking team tries to recover the ball themselves instead of kicking it deep to the receiving team. The umpire's position is important because they need to be in a position to observe the play and make calls. In this scenario, the umpire would be positioned on team R's free kick line, as they are the receiving team and the kick is being taken from their line.

Explanation

The correct answer is on team R's free kick line. In football, an onside kick is a type of kickoff where the kicking team tries to recover the ball themselves instead of kicking it deep to the receiving team. The umpire's position is important because they need to be in a position to observe the play and make calls. In this scenario, the umpire would be positioned on team R's free kick line, as they are the receiving team and the kick is being taken from their line.

165. Third and 10 on team A’s 20 yardline. At the 50 yardline, B1 waves his hands near the face of eligible A2. B1’s waving causes A2 to drop a forward pass thrown by A1. B1’s actions constitute:

Pass interference; after enforcement it will be team A’s ball on the 50 yardline.

Pass interference; after enforcement it will be team A’s ball on its 30 yardline.

Pass interference; after enforcement it will be team A’s ball on its 35 yardline.

A legal play.

B1's actions constitute pass interference because he waved his hands near the face of eligible A2, causing A2 to drop a forward pass. As a result of the penalty, the ball will be placed on team A's 35 yardline after enforcement.

Explanation

B1's actions constitute pass interference because he waved his hands near the face of eligible A2, causing A2 to drop a forward pass. As a result of the penalty, the ball will be placed on team A's 35 yardline after enforcement.

166. Who keeps the time for a charged team timeout?

The wing official on the sideline of the team thattook the timeout.

Referee.

Line judge.

Back judge.

The back judge keeps the time for a charged team timeout.

Explanation

The back judge keeps the time for a charged team timeout.

167. In a trips formation, the back judge’s key(s) are (is):

All three receivers.

The two widest receivers.

The two inside receivers.

Only the inside-most receiver.

Only the widest receiver.

In a trips formation, the back judge's key(s) are the two inside receivers. This means that the back judge's primary responsibility is to closely watch and cover the two receivers who are positioned closest to the line of scrimmage on the same side of the formation. These receivers are likely to be the main targets for the quarterback in this formation, so the back judge needs to closely monitor their routes and any potential interactions with defenders.

Explanation

In a trips formation, the back judge's key(s) are the two inside receivers. This means that the back judge's primary responsibility is to closely watch and cover the two receivers who are positioned closest to the line of scrimmage on the same side of the formation. These receivers are likely to be the main targets for the quarterback in this formation, so the back judge needs to closely monitor their routes and any potential interactions with defenders.

168. Fourth and 10 from team K’s 20 yardline. R1 gives a valid fair-catch signal and is positioned to catch the kick at team K’s 40 yardline. K2 commits kick-catch interference. R1 muffs the ball but recovers at team K’s 37 yardline. Time for the second period expires during the down.

The period cannot be extended.

The period will be extended only if team R accepts enforcement of the penalty from the previous spot.

The period will be extended only if team R accepts an awarded fair catch at the spot of interference.

The period will be extended whether team R accepts an awarded fair catch at the spot of interference or enforcement of the penalty from the previous spot. This is because when a fair catch signal is given and there is interference by the kicking team, the receiving team has the option to either accept an awarded fair catch at the spot of interference or enforce the penalty from the previous spot. In either case, the period will be extended to allow for the penalty or the awarded fair catch to be enforced.

Explanation

The period will be extended whether team R accepts an awarded fair catch at the spot of interference or enforcement of the penalty from the previous spot. This is because when a fair catch signal is given and there is interference by the kicking team, the receiving team has the option to either accept an awarded fair catch at the spot of interference or enforce the penalty from the previous spot. In either case, the period will be extended to allow for the penalty or the awarded fair catch to be enforced.

169. Fourth and 10 on team K’s five yardline. R1 gives a valid fair-catch signal at team K’s 40 yardline. R1 does not touch the ball, which hits the ground at team K’s 45 yardline. R1 blocks K2 above the waist and in the back.

R1’s block is legal.

R1’s block is a foul that carries a 10-yard penalty.

R1’s block is a foul that carries a 15-yard penalty.

R1's block is a foul that carries a 15-yard penalty because they blocked K2 above the waist and in the back. This type of block is illegal and results in a 15-yard penalty.

Explanation

R1's block is a foul that carries a 15-yard penalty because they blocked K2 above the waist and in the back. This type of block is illegal and results in a 15-yard penalty.

170. Team A is in formation and calling signals as time for a period is winding down. If the clock expires before the snap, the official responsible for blowing the whistle and indicating the end of the period is:

Always the referee.

Always the umpire.

Always the back judge.

The referee or the back judge, depending on which is facing the clock.

The back judge or the umpire, depending on which is facing the clock.

The correct answer is "The referee or the back judge, depending on which is facing the clock." In football, when the clock is winding down and the period is about to end, the official responsible for blowing the whistle and indicating the end of the period is either the referee or the back judge. This depends on which official is facing the clock at that moment. Both the referee and the back judge have the authority to signal the end of the period if the clock expires before the snap.

Explanation

The correct answer is "The referee or the back judge, depending on which is facing the clock." In football, when the clock is winding down and the period is about to end, the official responsible for blowing the whistle and indicating the end of the period is either the referee or the back judge. This depends on which official is facing the clock at that moment. Both the referee and the back judge have the authority to signal the end of the period if the clock expires before the snap.

171. On plays that end out of bounds, the clock stops when:

The runner or the ball goes out of bounds.

When the covering official arrives at the spot.

Either a. or b.

When a play ends out of bounds, the clock stops because the runner or the ball goes out of bounds. This is because once the ball or the runner goes out of bounds, the play is considered dead and no further action can take place. The clock is then stopped to allow for any necessary adjustments or assessments to be made before the next play can begin.

Explanation

When a play ends out of bounds, the clock stops because the runner or the ball goes out of bounds. This is because once the ball or the runner goes out of bounds, the play is considered dead and no further action can take place. The clock is then stopped to allow for any necessary adjustments or assessments to be made before the next play can begin.

172. Fourth and seven for team A from its own 45 yardline. B1 intercepts a pass at his own six yardline. After running a few steps, he is hit and fumbles at team B’s three yardline. The ball rolls and hits the pylon, which is properly placed. As a result:

The ball is returned to the spot of the fumble; it’s team B’s ball at its own three yardline.

It’s a safety; team A scores two points.

It’s a touchback; it’s team B’s ball at its own 20 yardline.

When B1 intercepts the pass at his own six yardline and then fumbles at team B's three yardline, the ball becomes dead. Since the ball rolled and hit the pylon, which is properly placed, it is considered a touchback. This means that the ball is placed at team B's own 20 yardline, and it is team B's ball. However, the correct answer states that it is a safety and team A scores two points. This answer is incorrect as it does not align with the rules of a touchback.

Explanation

When B1 intercepts the pass at his own six yardline and then fumbles at team B's three yardline, the ball becomes dead. Since the ball rolled and hit the pylon, which is properly placed, it is considered a touchback. This means that the ball is placed at team B's own 20 yardline, and it is team B's ball. However, the correct answer states that it is a safety and team A scores two points. This answer is incorrect as it does not align with the rules of a touchback.

173. A1, wearing number 75, lines up as the tailback. He catches a backward pass from quarterback A2 and advances for a touchdown.

That’s a foul; only players wearing a number from 1-49 or 80-99 may line up in the backfield.

That’s a foul only if A1 did not report to the referee before the play.

A1 is guilty of illegal touching.

Legal play. Touchdown.

A1, wearing number 75, lines up as the tailback. The question states that the player catches a backward pass from quarterback A2 and advances for a touchdown. The answer states that this is a legal play and a touchdown. This suggests that there are no rules or restrictions regarding the player's number in this specific situation.

Explanation

A1, wearing number 75, lines up as the tailback. The question states that the player catches a backward pass from quarterback A2 and advances for a touchdown. The answer states that this is a legal play and a touchdown. This suggests that there are no rules or restrictions regarding the player's number in this specific situation.

174. Fourth and three for team K from its own 27 yardline. K1’s legal scrimmage kick is touched by R2 beyond the neutral zone and bounds back behind the neutral zone. K2 recovers the loose ball and throws a forward pass that is caught by eligible K3, who is immediately downed.

It will be team K’s ball first and 10 only if K3 is downed beyond the line to gain.

The correct answer is that it will be team K's ball first and 10 regardless if K3 is downed beyond or behind the line to gain. This is because the question states that K2 recovers the loose ball and throws a forward pass that is caught by eligible K3, who is immediately downed. This indicates that K3 has possession of the ball, regardless of whether or not they are downed beyond or behind the line to gain.

Explanation

The correct answer is that it will be team K's ball first and 10 regardless if K3 is downed beyond or behind the line to gain. This is because the question states that K2 recovers the loose ball and throws a forward pass that is caught by eligible K3, who is immediately downed. This indicates that K3 has possession of the ball, regardless of whether or not they are downed beyond or behind the line to gain.

175. Reverse goalline mechanics:

Are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A’s 10 yardline.

Are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A’s five yardline.

Are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A’s three yardline.

Are not used.

Reverse goalline mechanics are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A's five yardline.

Explanation

Reverse goalline mechanics are used when the ball is snapped at or inside team A's five yardline.

176. An official who is having difficulty counting players should:

Assume the proper amount of players are on the field.

Verbally inform the nearest crewmate.

Twirl the index finger at chest level.

Touch the top of the hat with a flat palm.

When an official is having difficulty counting players, twirling the index finger at chest level is the correct action to take. This signal is a universal sign used in sports to indicate that the official is unsure of the player count and needs assistance. By twirling the finger at chest level, the official is signaling to their crewmate that they need help in counting the players on the field. This allows the crewmate to come over and assist in ensuring that the correct number of players are present.

Explanation

When an official is having difficulty counting players, twirling the index finger at chest level is the correct action to take. This signal is a universal sign used in sports to indicate that the official is unsure of the player count and needs assistance. By twirling the finger at chest level, the official is signaling to their crewmate that they need help in counting the players on the field. This allows the crewmate to come over and assist in ensuring that the correct number of players are present.

177. Team A’s head coach approaches the wing official and says the headsets he is using to communicate with observers in the press box are not working.

Team B cannot use headsets until team A’s headsets are working again.

The game must be delayed until either team A’s headsets are repaired or it is determined they are beyond repair.

The officials do not have the authority to determine whether or not the headsets are working. The use of headsets is not regulated by the rules of the game, so it is not within the officials' jurisdiction to address this issue. Therefore, Team B cannot use headsets until Team A's headsets are working again. The game must be delayed until the headsets are repaired or it is determined that they cannot be fixed.

Explanation

The officials do not have the authority to determine whether or not the headsets are working. The use of headsets is not regulated by the rules of the game, so it is not within the officials' jurisdiction to address this issue. Therefore, Team B cannot use headsets until Team A's headsets are working again. The game must be delayed until the headsets are repaired or it is determined that they cannot be fixed.

178. Fourth and one for team A on team B’s 17 yardline. Runner A1 is thrown for a three-yard loss. After the play B2 is flagged for a personal foul.

It will be team A’s ball first and goal on team B’s 10 yardline.

It will be team B’s ball first and 10 on team B’s 35 yardline.

It will be team B’s ball first and 20 on team B’s 35 yardline.

It will be team B’s ball first and 10 on team B’s 10 yardline.

After the play, team A had a fourth down and one situation on team B's 17 yardline. However, runner A1 was thrown for a three-yard loss. Despite this, team B was flagged for a personal foul. This means that team A will be awarded a first down due to the penalty. The penalty occurred after the play, so it will be enforced from the end of the play. Therefore, team A will have a first and goal situation on team B's 10 yardline, as they will get the 10 yards from the spot of the foul.

Explanation

After the play, team A had a fourth down and one situation on team B's 17 yardline. However, runner A1 was thrown for a three-yard loss. Despite this, team B was flagged for a personal foul. This means that team A will be awarded a first down due to the penalty. The penalty occurred after the play, so it will be enforced from the end of the play. Therefore, team A will have a first and goal situation on team B's 10 yardline, as they will get the 10 yards from the spot of the foul.

179. Following a touchback and before the ready for play team A elects to have the ball placed at the left hashmark. After the ready signal but before the snap B1 crosses the neutral zone and makes contact with A2. After the penalty is enforced:

Team A may have the ball moved to the middle of the field for the next snap.

Team A may not have the ball moved to the middle of the field for the next snap.

Once the ball is placed it may not be moved under any circumstances.

After the penalty is enforced, Team A may have the ball moved to the middle of the field for the next snap. This is because the penalty occurred after the ready signal but before the snap, so it is considered a dead ball foul. In this situation, the offense is allowed to choose the spot where the ball will be placed for the next play, and Team A elected to have the ball placed at the left hashmark. Therefore, the ball can be moved to the middle of the field for the next snap.

Explanation

After the penalty is enforced, Team A may have the ball moved to the middle of the field for the next snap. This is because the penalty occurred after the ready signal but before the snap, so it is considered a dead ball foul. In this situation, the offense is allowed to choose the spot where the ball will be placed for the next play, and Team A elected to have the ball placed at the left hashmark. Therefore, the ball can be moved to the middle of the field for the next snap.

180. Second and 10 for team A from its own 20 yardline. Center A1 snaps the ball. The ball touches A2’s hands but never leaves A1’s hands. A1 simply holds the ball there as A2 withdraws from behind the snapper and fakes having the ball. Back A3 cuts in, grabs the ball from A1 and advances.

Legal play under any circumstance.

Legal only if team A informed the referee before the play.

Illegal snap, a dead-ball foul.

Planned loose-ball play, a live-ball foul.

The play described is an illegal snap, which is a dead-ball foul. According to the rules, the ball must leave the snapper's hands in order for it to be considered a legal snap. In this case, the ball touches A2's hands but never leaves A1's hands, indicating that the snap was not executed properly. As a result, it is considered a dead-ball foul and the play would be penalized.

Explanation

The play described is an illegal snap, which is a dead-ball foul. According to the rules, the ball must leave the snapper's hands in order for it to be considered a legal snap. In this case, the ball touches A2's hands but never leaves A1's hands, indicating that the snap was not executed properly. As a result, it is considered a dead-ball foul and the play would be penalized.

181. Second and 18 on team A’s 20 yardline. Eligible receiver A1 is at team A’s 23 yardline when he is grabbed by safety B2. A1 falls before A3’s forward pass thrown in A1’s direction falls at his side.

No foul; A1 was in the legal chucking zone when contacted.

No foul; A1 was still considered a blocker.

B2 is guilty of defensive pass interference.

B2 is guilty of illegal use of hands.

B2 is guilty of illegal use of hands because he grabbed receiver A1, which is a violation of the rules. This action interfered with A1's ability to catch the pass, resulting in an incomplete pass. The fact that A1 was in the legal chucking zone or considered a blocker does not excuse B2's illegal use of hands.

Explanation

B2 is guilty of illegal use of hands because he grabbed receiver A1, which is a violation of the rules. This action interfered with A1's ability to catch the pass, resulting in an incomplete pass. The fact that A1 was in the legal chucking zone or considered a blocker does not excuse B2's illegal use of hands.

182. K1 runs beyond the line of scrimmage and punts the ball. The ball should be declared dead when K1 kicks the ball.

True.

False.

The correct answer is False because when K1 kicks the ball beyond the line of scrimmage, the ball is considered live and can be recovered by either team. It is not declared dead until it is downed by a player or goes out of bounds.

Explanation

The correct answer is False because when K1 kicks the ball beyond the line of scrimmage, the ball is considered live and can be recovered by either team. It is not declared dead until it is downed by a player or goes out of bounds.

183. Team A’s ball second and goal from team B’s seven yardline. A1 fumbles at team B’s five yardline. The ball is rolling toward team B’s goalline when B6 at his own three yardline intentionally kicks the ball through the end zone and over the endline. The covering official rules the ball would have rolled into the end zone had B6 not kicked it.

If accepted the penalty is enforced from team B’s five yardline.

If accepted the penalty is enforced from team B’s three yardline.

In this scenario, Team A's ball was fumbled at Team B's five yardline and was rolling towards Team B's goalline. However, B6 intentionally kicked the ball through the end zone and over the endline. The covering official ruled that the ball would have rolled into the end zone if B6 had not kicked it. Therefore, if the penalty is accepted, it would be enforced from Team B's five yardline, which is where the ball would have ended up if it had rolled into the end zone naturally.

Explanation

In this scenario, Team A's ball was fumbled at Team B's five yardline and was rolling towards Team B's goalline. However, B6 intentionally kicked the ball through the end zone and over the endline. The covering official ruled that the ball would have rolled into the end zone if B6 had not kicked it. Therefore, if the penalty is accepted, it would be enforced from Team B's five yardline, which is where the ball would have ended up if it had rolled into the end zone naturally.

184. A1 runs for a touchdown on the final timed down of the first half. During the touchdown run B2 is flagged for a personal foul.

Team A must decline the penalty in order to keep the touchdown.

If team A wants to accept the penalty, it must be enforced on the try.

Team A may have the penalty enforced on the try or on the second-half kickoff.

Team A has the option to decline the penalty and keep the touchdown. If they choose to accept the penalty, they can enforce it either on the try (the extra point attempt after the touchdown) or on the second-half kickoff. This means that Team A has the flexibility to decide when and how the penalty will be enforced, but regardless of their decision, the touchdown will still count.

Explanation

Team A has the option to decline the penalty and keep the touchdown. If they choose to accept the penalty, they can enforce it either on the try (the extra point attempt after the touchdown) or on the second-half kickoff. This means that Team A has the flexibility to decide when and how the penalty will be enforced, but regardless of their decision, the touchdown will still count.

185. In the first possession of overtime, it is fourth down and 10 for team K from team R’s 30 yardline. K1’s untouched field goal attempt is short. The ball is rolling and is at team R’s seven yardline when R5 touches the ball in an unsuccessful attempt to recover it. K9 recovers the ball at team R’s three yardline. As a result:

Team K’s series is over; it’s team R’s ball.

Team K is awarded a new series at team R’s 10 yardline.

Team K is awarded a new series at team R’s 25 yardline.

Team K is awarded a new series at team R’s three yardline.

Team K is awarded a new series at team R’s seven yardline.

In this scenario, Team K's possession is over because they failed to convert on fourth down. However, Team R's player, R5, touched the ball in an unsuccessful attempt to recover it, resulting in a fumble. Team K's player, K9, then recovered the ball at Team R's three-yard line. Therefore, Team K is awarded a new series at Team R's three-yard line.

Explanation

In this scenario, Team K's possession is over because they failed to convert on fourth down. However, Team R's player, R5, touched the ball in an unsuccessful attempt to recover it, resulting in a fumble. Team K's player, K9, then recovered the ball at Team R's three-yard line. Therefore, Team K is awarded a new series at Team R's three-yard line.

186. Fourth and 10 from team K’s 20 yardline. K1’s punt is partially blocked by R2 at team K’s 15 yardline. The ball continues in flight beyond the neutral zone. R3 is positioned to catch the kick, but the ball hits K4’s shoulder at team K’s 35 yardline. The ball hits the ground and is recovered by R3 at team K’s 33 yardline.

No problem; team R will begin a new series at team K’s 33 yardline.

No foul, but first touching; team R will begin a new series at team K’s 35 yardline.

The correct answer is kick-catching interference. In this scenario, K4 interfered with R3's opportunity to catch the kick by causing the ball to hit his shoulder. As a result, team R has the option to choose an awarded fair catch, take the result of the play, or have a 15-yard penalty enforced from the previous spot.

Explanation

The correct answer is kick-catching interference. In this scenario, K4 interfered with R3's opportunity to catch the kick by causing the ball to hit his shoulder. As a result, team R has the option to choose an awarded fair catch, take the result of the play, or have a 15-yard penalty enforced from the previous spot.

187. Fourth and 10 on team R’s 17 yardline. K1’s 34-yard field goal attempt is untouched and rolls to a stop on team R’s one yardline. When no player from either team attempts to recover the ball, the official properly blows his whistle. It will be:

R’s ball on its one yardline.

R’s ball on its 17 yardline.

R’s ball on its 20 yardline.

R’s ball on its 34 yardline.

In this scenario, since the field goal attempt was untouched and rolled to a stop on team R's one-yard line, it is considered a dead ball. When no player attempts to recover the ball, the official blows the whistle, indicating that the play is over. Therefore, the ball will be placed at the spot where it came to a stop, which is team R's one-yard line.

Explanation

In this scenario, since the field goal attempt was untouched and rolled to a stop on team R's one-yard line, it is considered a dead ball. When no player attempts to recover the ball, the official blows the whistle, indicating that the play is over. Therefore, the ball will be placed at the spot where it came to a stop, which is team R's one-yard line.

188. A9 snaps the ball before the referee has given the ready-for-play signal. After blowing his whistle to stop the play the referee should:

Assess a 15-yard penalty for unsportsmanlike conduct.

Assess a five-yard penalty and give the delay of gamesignal.

Assess a five-yard penalty and give the rolling fistssignal.

Assess no penalty but warn A9 to wait for the ready.

The correct answer is to assess a five-yard penalty and give the delay of game signal. This is because A9 snapped the ball before the referee had given the ready-for-play signal, which is a violation of the rules. The delay of game penalty is typically given in this situation, indicating that the offense did not start the play in a timely manner.

Explanation

The correct answer is to assess a five-yard penalty and give the delay of game signal. This is because A9 snapped the ball before the referee had given the ready-for-play signal, which is a violation of the rules. The delay of game penalty is typically given in this situation, indicating that the offense did not start the play in a timely manner.

189. Second and 10 for team A. A1 runs for three yards and fumbles. Prone A2 recovers inbounds. The covering official should:

Give the timeout signal.

Tell the referee, who then signals.

Use an upraised arm to indicate it’s third down.

Point in the direction team A is moving.

The covering official should use an upraised arm to indicate that it is third down. This is because the play started with second down and the team lost possession of the ball, so it is now their third attempt to gain yards.

Explanation

The covering official should use an upraised arm to indicate that it is third down. This is because the play started with second down and the team lost possession of the ball, so it is now their third attempt to gain yards.

190. Fourth and goal on team R’s 12 yardline. Team K sets up to attempt a field goal and team R responds with a massive substitution. R11 quickly and incorrectly counts the defense and thinking he is the 12th man leaves the field just before the snap. R11 goes over the endline and immediately returns to his bench.

Legal.

Illegal substitution a live-ball foul.

Illegal substitution a dead-ball foul.

Illegal participation a live-ball foul.

Illegal participation a dead-ball foul.

When R11 leaves the field and then returns, it is considered an illegal substitution because he is not allowed to leave the field and re-enter without the referee's permission. This is a dead-ball foul because it occurs before the snap and does not affect the play.

Explanation

When R11 leaves the field and then returns, it is considered an illegal substitution because he is not allowed to leave the field and re-enter without the referee's permission. This is a dead-ball foul because it occurs before the snap and does not affect the play.

191. During a charged team timeout, team A’s head coach goes to the team huddle between the hashmarks to confer with his team. The head coach leaves before the timeout has ended and the offensive coordinator takes his place in the huddle between the hashes.

No problem.

Illegal conference, a five-yard penalty.

Illegal conference, a 15-yard penalty.

The head coach of team A is allowed to go to the team huddle during a charged team timeout. However, leaving before the timeout has ended is considered an illegal conference. As a result, team A will be penalized with a five-yard penalty.

Explanation

The head coach of team A is allowed to go to the team huddle during a charged team timeout. However, leaving before the timeout has ended is considered an illegal conference. As a result, team A will be penalized with a five-yard penalty.

192. The linesman issues a sideline warning to team A.
The line judge should:

Inform team B’s head coach that the warning appliesto his sideline as well.

Ask team B’s head coach if he wants to accept the penalty.

Do nothing.

The correct answer is to make team B's head coach aware of the sideline warning and either thank him for his compliance or remind him of the need to keep the area clear. This is because the sideline warning applies to both teams, and it is the responsibility of the line judge to ensure that both teams are aware of the warning and comply with the rules. By informing team B's head coach and expressing gratitude for compliance or reminding him to keep the area clear, the line judge is effectively enforcing the rules and maintaining a fair and safe playing environment.

Explanation

The correct answer is to make team B's head coach aware of the sideline warning and either thank him for his compliance or remind him of the need to keep the area clear. This is because the sideline warning applies to both teams, and it is the responsibility of the line judge to ensure that both teams are aware of the warning and comply with the rules. By informing team B's head coach and expressing gratitude for compliance or reminding him to keep the area clear, the line judge is effectively enforcing the rules and maintaining a fair and safe playing environment.

193. On the first play from scrimmage in the first quarter, A1 runs for five yards. After he is downed, the umpire notices A1 is not wearing knee pads.

No problem.

A1 is charged with a 15-yard penalty.

Team A’s head coach is charged with a 15-yard penalty.

Team A is charged with a five-yard penalty.

Team A is charged with a timeout.

The correct answer is Team A’s head coach is charged with a 15-yard penalty. This is because it is the responsibility of the head coach to ensure that all players are properly equipped and following the rules. In this case, A1 not wearing knee pads is a violation of the rules, and the head coach is held accountable for this infraction.

Explanation

The correct answer is Team A’s head coach is charged with a 15-yard penalty. This is because it is the responsibility of the head coach to ensure that all players are properly equipped and following the rules. In this case, A1 not wearing knee pads is a violation of the rules, and the head coach is held accountable for this infraction.

194. A1 and B2 jump to catch a legal forward pass near the sideline. They each come down with the ball, but A1 (who landed first) lands inbounds and B2 lands out of bounds. The pass is:

Complete; it’s team A’s ball

Intercepted; it’s team B’s ball.

Incomplete.

The pass is incomplete because B2 landed out of bounds, which means he did not establish possession in a legal manner. Even though A1 landed in bounds, the fact that B2 did not establish possession means that the pass is considered incomplete. Therefore, it is not a complete pass and possession does not change.

Explanation

The pass is incomplete because B2 landed out of bounds, which means he did not establish possession in a legal manner. Even though A1 landed in bounds, the fact that B2 did not establish possession means that the pass is considered incomplete. Therefore, it is not a complete pass and possession does not change.

195. A1’s run results in a touchdown, but A2 is flagged
for holding at the line of scrimmage.

The choice is obvious; the referee need not ask teamB if it wishes to accept the penalty.

Even though the choice is obvious, the referee mustask team B if it wishes to accept the penalty.

In this scenario, A1's run results in a touchdown, but A2 is flagged for holding at the line of scrimmage. The correct answer states that the choice is obvious and the referee does not need to ask team B if it wishes to accept the penalty. This is because when a touchdown is scored, any penalties that occur on the scoring play are automatically declined. Therefore, even though A2 was flagged for holding, the touchdown still stands and there is no need for team B to accept or decline the penalty.

Explanation

In this scenario, A1's run results in a touchdown, but A2 is flagged for holding at the line of scrimmage. The correct answer states that the choice is obvious and the referee does not need to ask team B if it wishes to accept the penalty. This is because when a touchdown is scored, any penalties that occur on the scoring play are automatically declined. Therefore, even though A2 was flagged for holding, the touchdown still stands and there is no need for team B to accept or decline the penalty.

196. The snapper:

May be positioned with his shoulders perpendicular to the opponent’s goalline.

May not lock legs with the linemen on either side of him.

May be directly contacted immediately after the ball is snapped regardless of the play situation or formationused by team A.

Can under certain circumstances be an eligible receiver at the snap.

The snapper can be an eligible receiver at the snap, depending on certain circumstances. This means that they have the potential to receive a pass and participate in the play immediately after the ball is snapped. The eligibility of the snapper as a receiver may depend on the specific rules and regulations of the game, the play situation, or the formation used by Team A.

Explanation

The snapper can be an eligible receiver at the snap, depending on certain circumstances. This means that they have the potential to receive a pass and participate in the play immediately after the ball is snapped. The eligibility of the snapper as a receiver may depend on the specific rules and regulations of the game, the play situation, or the formation used by Team A.

197. Team K is lined up for a field goal. After the ball is snapped, linebacker R2 runs forward and leaps onto the back of nose guard R3. R2 then uses R3’s back as a springboard in an attempt to block the kick.

No problem.

B1 is guilty of a personal foul.

B1 is guilty of illegal use of hands.

B1 is guilty of unsportsmanlike conduct.

B1 is guilty of a personal foul because using another player as a springboard is considered a dangerous and illegal action in football. This action can lead to injuries and is against the rules of the game.

Explanation

B1 is guilty of a personal foul because using another player as a springboard is considered a dangerous and illegal action in football. This action can lead to injuries and is against the rules of the game.

198. First and 20 at team A’s 20 yardline. A1’s legal forward pass is intercepted by B2 at team A’s 45 yardline. B2 is tackled inbounds at team A’s 10 yardline. While A1’s pass was in the air, B3 was flagged for defensive pass interference at team A’s 40 yardline. Team A accepts the penalty.

The clock starts on the ready.

The clock starts on the snap.

When a penalty is accepted, the clock starts on the ready. In this scenario, Team A accepts the penalty for defensive pass interference committed by B3 at their 40-yard line. Therefore, the clock will start on the ready for the next play, rather than on the snap.

Explanation

When a penalty is accepted, the clock starts on the ready. In this scenario, Team A accepts the penalty for defensive pass interference committed by B3 at their 40-yard line. Therefore, the clock will start on the ready for the next play, rather than on the snap.

199. Before the game begins A1 reports to the umpire that he wants to play wearing an eye shield that is clear and permits 100 percent allowable light transmission, but needs to wear prescription sunglasses.

No problem.

The umpire should tell A1 he may not play with the sunglasses.

A1 may play only if he presents a letter from a licensed medical physician.

A1's request to wear an eye shield that allows 100 percent allowable light transmission and prescription sunglasses is not a problem. The umpire does not need to tell A1 that he cannot play with the sunglasses. A1 can play as long as he presents a letter from a licensed medical physician.

Explanation

A1's request to wear an eye shield that allows 100 percent allowable light transmission and prescription sunglasses is not a problem. The umpire does not need to tell A1 that he cannot play with the sunglasses. A1 can play as long as he presents a letter from a licensed medical physician.

200. Examples of personal fouls include:

Throwing a helmet to trip an opponent.

A runner hiding the ball underneath his jersey.

A runner grasping a teammate.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Personal fouls in sports refer to actions that are considered illegal or against the rules of the game, typically involving intentional harm or unfair tactics. In this case, throwing a helmet to trip an opponent is an example of a personal foul because it involves using a dangerous object to intentionally harm an opponent. Hiding the ball underneath a jersey or grasping a teammate, although potentially against the rules, do not involve the same level of intentional harm or dangerous tactics as throwing a helmet. Therefore, the correct answer is "Throwing a helmet to trip an opponent."

Explanation

Personal fouls in sports refer to actions that are considered illegal or against the rules of the game, typically involving intentional harm or unfair tactics. In this case, throwing a helmet to trip an opponent is an example of a personal foul because it involves using a dangerous object to intentionally harm an opponent. Hiding the ball underneath a jersey or grasping a teammate, although potentially against the rules, do not involve the same level of intentional harm or dangerous tactics as throwing a helmet. Therefore, the correct answer is "Throwing a helmet to trip an opponent."

CFOA 2010 Study Guide Online