Cell Cycle Quiz (Part 1)

1. Matching: Match the "stages" of interphase found on the left column with the correct "activity" of the cell found on the right column. Click the drop-down button to select your match in the "activity" column.

G2 phase

G0 phase

G1 phase

S phase

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2. Multiple Choice:Which is the result of failure of the chromosomes to separate during mitosis?

Inversion

Nondisjunction

Reversion

Translocation

Nondisjunction is the result of failure of the chromosomes to separate during mitosis. This can lead to an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the resulting cells. It can occur during both meiosis and mitosis, and can result in genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.

Explanation

Nondisjunction is the result of failure of the chromosomes to separate during mitosis. This can lead to an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the resulting cells. It can occur during both meiosis and mitosis, and can result in genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.

3. True-False:Meiosis II produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells.

True

False

Meiosis II is the second stage of meiosis, a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) in sexually reproducing organisms. Unlike meiosis I, which reduces the number of chromosomes by half, meiosis II is similar to mitosis and results in the separation of sister chromatids. This process produces four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the statement that meiosis II produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells is false.

Explanation

Meiosis II is the second stage of meiosis, a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) in sexually reproducing organisms. Unlike meiosis I, which reduces the number of chromosomes by half, meiosis II is similar to mitosis and results in the separation of sister chromatids. This process produces four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the statement that meiosis II produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells is false.

4. Fill-in: Name the structure of the cell involved in mitosis by typing the missing word/phrase in the box.During anaphase the separated chromatids are quickly dragged toward opposite poles of the cell because ______________ are already attached to each kinetochore and are exerting force.

During anaphase the separated chromatids are quickly dragged toward opposite poles of the cell because microtubules are already attached to each kinetochore and are exerting force.

Explanation

During anaphase the separated chromatids are quickly dragged toward opposite poles of the cell because microtubules are already attached to each kinetochore and are exerting force.

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5. Fill-in: Name the structure of the cell involved in mitosis by typing the missing word/phrase in the box.The ______________ breaks down during prophase and reforms in telophase.

During mitosis, the nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, breaks down during prophase. This breakdown allows the chromosomes to be accessible for the process of cell division. The nuclear membrane then reforms in telophase, enclosing the newly formed daughter nuclei.

Explanation

During mitosis, the nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, breaks down during prophase. This breakdown allows the chromosomes to be accessible for the process of cell division. The nuclear membrane then reforms in telophase, enclosing the newly formed daughter nuclei.

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6. Fill-in: Name the structure of the cell involved in mitosis by typing the missing word/phrase in the box.In prophase, the two ______________ positioned near the nucleus begin to move apart toward opposite poles of the cell.

In prophase, the two centrosomes positioned near the nucleus begin to move apart toward opposite poles of the cell. Centrosomes contain centrioles, which are involved in the organization of microtubules. The centrosomes act as the microtubule organizing centers, or microtubule organizing centers, in the cell during mitosis. They play a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle, which helps to separate the chromosomes during cell division.

Explanation

In prophase, the two centrosomes positioned near the nucleus begin to move apart toward opposite poles of the cell. Centrosomes contain centrioles, which are involved in the organization of microtubules. The centrosomes act as the microtubule organizing centers, or microtubule organizing centers, in the cell during mitosis. They play a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle, which helps to separate the chromosomes during cell division.

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7. True-False:Homologous chromosomes find each other and line up close together during prophase I

True

False

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes find each other and pair up closely in a process called synapsis. This allows for the exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes, a process known as crossing over. This pairing and crossing over between homologous chromosomes are essential for genetic diversity and the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Therefore, the statement that homologous chromosomes find each other and line up close together during prophase I is true.

Explanation

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes find each other and pair up closely in a process called synapsis. This allows for the exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes, a process known as crossing over. This pairing and crossing over between homologous chromosomes are essential for genetic diversity and the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Therefore, the statement that homologous chromosomes find each other and line up close together during prophase I is true.

8. True-False:Sister chromatids separate in Anaphase I.

True

False

In Anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, not sister chromatids. Sister chromatids separate in Anaphase II. Therefore, the statement that sister chromatids separate in Anaphase I is false.

Explanation

In Anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, not sister chromatids. Sister chromatids separate in Anaphase II. Therefore, the statement that sister chromatids separate in Anaphase I is false.

9. Multiple Choice:What do you call the condition in which cells within the same person have a different genetic makeup whereby some cells have a mutant version of the gene while other cells in the same individual have a normal version of the same gene?

Aneuploidy

Cancer

Diploidy

Mosaicism

Mosaicism refers to the condition in which cells within the same person have a different genetic makeup, with some cells having a mutant version of a gene while other cells in the same individual have a normal version of the same gene. This can occur due to genetic mutations that happen after fertilization, leading to a mixture of cells with different genetic variations in the body. Mosaicism can result in a range of genetic disorders and can affect various aspects of an individual's health and development.

Explanation

Mosaicism refers to the condition in which cells within the same person have a different genetic makeup, with some cells having a mutant version of a gene while other cells in the same individual have a normal version of the same gene. This can occur due to genetic mutations that happen after fertilization, leading to a mixture of cells with different genetic variations in the body. Mosaicism can result in a range of genetic disorders and can affect various aspects of an individual's health and development.

10. Multiple Choice:Which genetic disorder results from a trisomy of chromosome 13 and is characterized by abnormalities that include harelip, cleft palate, unusually small eyes, profound mental retardation, structural heart defects at birth, and incomplete development of certain regions of the brain?

Down Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome

Patau Syndrome

Turner Syndrome

Patau Syndrome is a genetic disorder that results from a trisomy of chromosome 13. It is characterized by various abnormalities, including harelip, cleft palate, unusually small eyes, profound mental retardation, structural heart defects at birth, and incomplete development of certain regions of the brain. This disorder is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13, leading to the development of these physical and cognitive abnormalities. It is important to note that Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, and Turner Syndrome are caused by different genetic abnormalities and have distinct clinical features.

Explanation

Patau Syndrome is a genetic disorder that results from a trisomy of chromosome 13. It is characterized by various abnormalities, including harelip, cleft palate, unusually small eyes, profound mental retardation, structural heart defects at birth, and incomplete development of certain regions of the brain. This disorder is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13, leading to the development of these physical and cognitive abnormalities. It is important to note that Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, and Turner Syndrome are caused by different genetic abnormalities and have distinct clinical features.