Biology Final Part 2

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  • 1/123 Questions

    All animals eat to obtain  

    • Oxygen
    • Ammonia
    • Carbon Dioxide
    • Nutrients
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About This Quiz

Biology Final Part 2 assesses understanding of atomic structure, compound properties, covalent bonds, polarity in water molecules, pH levels, and chemical reactions. This quiz enhances comprehension of fundamental biological and chemical principles.

Biology Final Part 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called

    • Autotrophs.

    • Heterotrophs

    • Thylakoids.

    • Pigments.

    Correct Answer
    A. Autotrophs.
    Explanation
    Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They use energy from the sun or chemicals to convert inorganic substances into organic compounds. Plants are a prime example of autotrophs as they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs, on the other hand, cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming other organisms for nutrition. Thylakoids and pigments are components involved in the process of photosynthesis, but they do not define organisms that make their own food.

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  • 3. 

    Puberty usually begins between the ages of

    • 5 and 8

    • 9 and 15

    • 50 and 60

    • 100 and 120

    Correct Answer
    A. 9 and 15
    Explanation
    Puberty usually begins between the ages of 9 and 15 because this is the typical age range when significant physical and hormonal changes occur in both boys and girls. During this time, adolescents experience growth spurts, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and changes in their reproductive system. The onset of puberty can vary among individuals, but it commonly starts around the age of 9 for girls and 11 for boys, and lasts until around 15 for girls and 17 for boys.

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  • 4. 
    which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown? - ProProfs

    which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown?

    • The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus

    • The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus

    • The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

    • The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

    Correct Answer
    A. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. This conclusion can be drawn because eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a membrane-bound nucleus, which is clearly visible in the cell shown. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not have a true nucleus. Therefore, the presence of a nucleus indicates that the cell is eukaryotic.

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  • 5. 

    A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called

    • A catalyst

    • Lipid

    • Molecule.

    • Element.

    Correct Answer
    A. A catalyst
    Explanation
    A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called a catalyst. A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thus increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. It provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed, allowing the reaction to occur more quickly and efficiently. Lipids, molecules, and elements do not possess the specific properties of a catalyst, making them incorrect answers.

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  • 6. 

    Cancer cells form masses of cells called

    • Tumors.

    • Cyclins.

    • Growth factors

    • P53.

    Correct Answer
    A. Tumors.
    Explanation
    Cancer cells form masses of cells called tumors. Tumors are abnormal growths of cells that can occur in any part of the body. These cells divide and multiply uncontrollably, forming a mass or lump. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

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  • 7. 

    Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of  

    • Making more citric acid.

    • Repaying an oxygen debt

    • Restarting glycolysis.

    • Stopping the electron transport chain.

    Correct Answer
    A. Repaying an oxygen debt
    Explanation
    When we exercise vigorously, our muscles require more oxygen to produce energy. However, during intense exercise, the oxygen supply may not be sufficient to meet the demand. This leads to the production of lactic acid as an alternative energy source. After the exercise, when the oxygen supply is restored, the accumulated lactic acid is broken down and converted back into energy, which is the process of repaying the oxygen debt. Breathing heavily after running a race is the body's way of increasing oxygen intake to facilitate this repayment.

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  • 8. 

    What “muscular tube” carries food between the mouth and the stomach?

    • Small intestine

    • Epiglottis

    • Esophagus

    • Large intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Esophagus
    Explanation
    The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It is responsible for transporting food through peristalsis, a series of muscle contractions, allowing for the process of digestion to occur. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food, while the large intestine is involved in the absorption of water and electrolytes. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

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  • 9. 

    Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called

    • Pigments.

    • Thylakoids.

    • Mitochondria.

    • Glucose.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pigments.
    Explanation
    Plants gather energy through the process of photosynthesis, where they convert light energy into chemical energy. This is made possible by pigments, such as chlorophyll, which are present in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These pigments absorb light energy and use it to initiate the photosynthetic reactions. Thylakoids are membrane structures within the chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for cellular respiration, not energy absorption. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis, not the molecules responsible for energy absorption.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

    • Cells are the basic units of life.

    • All living things are made of cells

    • Very few cells are able to reproduce.

    • All cells are produced from existing cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Very few cells are able to reproduce.
    Explanation
    The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of life, all living things are made of cells, and all cells are produced from existing cells. However, the statement "Very few cells are able to reproduce" contradicts this principle. In reality, most cells are capable of reproducing through processes such as cell division. Therefore, this statement does not align with the principles of the cell theory.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?

    • Mitochondrion

    • Cell membrane

    • Chloroplast

    • Channel protein

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell membrane
    Explanation
    The cell membrane serves as the cell's boundary from its environment. It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It protects the cell from its surroundings and helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane plays a crucial role in cell communication and recognition.

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  • 12. 

    Fewer than 5% of animal species have  

    • Eukaryotic cells

    • A backbone

    • A protostome pattern of development

    • A deuterostome pattern of development

    Correct Answer
    A. A backbone
    Explanation
    The correct answer is a backbone. This is because only a small percentage of animal species have a backbone, which is a characteristic of vertebrates. Most animal species, such as insects and worms, do not have a backbone and are classified as invertebrates. Therefore, the presence or absence of a backbone is a defining feature that distinguishes different groups of animals.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following is the correct order from simplest to most complex for the levels of organization in the  human body?

    • Organ systems, tissues, organs, cells

    • Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

    • Organ systems, organs, tissues, cells

    • Cells, organs, organ systems, tissues

    Correct Answer
    A. Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
    Explanation
    The correct order from simplest to most complex for the levels of organization in the human body is cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. This is because cells are the basic building blocks of the body, tissues are made up of groups of cells working together, organs are made up of different types of tissues working together, and organ systems are made up of multiple organs working together to perform specific functions.

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  • 14. 

    The function of the excretory system is to   

    • Break down nutrients.

    • Remove wastes.

    • Absorb nutrients.

    • Prevent infection.

    Correct Answer
    A. Remove wastes.
    Explanation
    The excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body. These waste products can include toxins, excess water, and metabolic waste such as urea. The system consists of organs such as the kidneys, bladder, and ureters, which work together to filter waste materials from the blood and eliminate them through urine. This process helps to maintain the body's homeostasis by ensuring that harmful waste products do not accumulate and cause damage to the body's cells and tissues.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

    • Stores DNA

    • Stores sugars

    • Builds proteins

    • Packages proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. Stores DNA
    Explanation
    The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA. DNA contains the genetic information of an organism and is crucial for various cellular processes. The nucleus protects and organizes the DNA, ensuring its stability and accessibility when needed for replication, transcription, and other cellular activities. Therefore, the function of the nucleus is to store DNA.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland?  

    • Pituitiary gland

    • Sweat gland

    • Adrenal gland

    • Hyroid gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Sweat gland
    Explanation
    An exocrine gland is a gland that releases its secretions through ducts onto an epithelial surface. The sweat gland is an example of an exocrine gland because it releases sweat through ducts onto the surface of the skin. The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland are all examples of endocrine glands, which release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.

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  • 17. 

    The three particles that make up atoms are

    • Protons, neutrons, and isotopes

    • Neutrons, isotopes, and electrons

    • Positives, negatives, and neutrals.

    • Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    Correct Answer
    A. Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    Explanation
    The three particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. These three particles together determine the properties and behavior of an atom.

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  • 18. 

    A substance with a pH of 6 is called

    • An acid

    • Base.

    • Water.

    • Suspension.

    Correct Answer
    A. An acid
    Explanation
    A substance with a pH of 6 is considered an acid because the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity. Therefore, a pH of 6 falls within the acidic range, making the substance an acid.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

    • Plants

    • Animals

    • Bacteria

    • Fungi

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacteria
    Explanation
    Bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have a simple cellular structure with a single circular chromosome and lack complex internal compartments. Plants, animals, and fungi, on the other hand, are eukaryotes, which means they have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following is an example of an organ?

    • Heart

    • Epithelial tissue

    • . digestive system

    • Nerve cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Heart
    Explanation
    The heart is an example of an organ because it is a specialized structure composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. It is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, and it is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is NOT found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Water

    • light

    • Nitrogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen
    Explanation
    Nitrogen is not found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy. Nitrogen is not directly involved in this process and is not included in the overall reaction.

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  • 22. 

    The _____________ filter(s) toxic waste, such as urea, out of the blood.  

    • Kidneys

    • Liver

    • Skin

    • Lungs

    Correct Answer
    A. Kidneys
    Explanation
    The kidneys are responsible for filtering toxic waste, such as urea, out of the blood. They play a vital role in maintaining the body's overall balance by removing waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream, which are then excreted as urine. The kidneys also help regulate the body's electrolyte levels and blood pressure.

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  • 23. 
    In Figure 30–1, which structure is the stomach? - ProProfs

    In Figure 30–1, which structure is the stomach?

    • C

    • D

    • G

    • H

    Correct Answer
    A. D
    Explanation
    In Figure 30-1, the structure labeled "d" is the stomach.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph?

    • Tiger

    • Algae

    • Wheat

    • Sunflower

    Correct Answer
    A. Tiger
    Explanation
    A heterotroph is an organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms. Tigers are carnivores, which means they primarily eat meat, making them heterotrophs. Algae, wheat, and sunflowers are all autotrophs, meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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  • 25. 

    What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight?

    • The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized

    • The chlorophyll molecule is broken into two parts

    • A chemical reaction turns chlorophyll into high energy carbohydrates

    • Energy from fat molecules is released.

    Correct Answer
    A. The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized
    Explanation
    When chlorophyll is struck by sunlight, the electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized. This is because the energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule, causing the electrons to move to a higher energy level. This energized state of the electrons is essential for the process of photosynthesis, where the energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into high energy carbohydrates.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?

    • Fermentation

    • electron transport

    • glycolysis

    • Krebs cycle

    Correct Answer
    A. Fermentation
    Explanation
    Fermentation is not a stage of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It consists of three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. Fermentation, on the other hand, is an alternative pathway for energy production in the absence of oxygen. It occurs in the cytoplasm and does not involve the complete breakdown of glucose. Instead, it produces a small amount of ATP and waste products such as lactic acid or ethanol.

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  • 27. 

    In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is

    • Slightly negative.

    • Very negative

    • Slightly positive.

    • Very positive.

    Correct Answer
    A. Slightly negative.
    Explanation
    In a water molecule, the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms. This means that the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, causing them to spend more time around the oxygen atom. As a result, the oxygen atom becomes slightly negatively charged, while the hydrogen atoms become slightly positively charged. Therefore, the correct answer is slightly negative.

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  • 28. 

    What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible?

    • Centrifuge

    • The particle accelerator

    • The ultraviolet light

    • The microscope

    Correct Answer
    A. The microscope
    Explanation
    The discovery of cells became possible due to the advance in technology known as the microscope. The microscope allowed scientists to magnify and observe tiny structures that were previously invisible to the naked eye. This breakthrough enabled them to study and understand the existence and functions of cells, leading to significant advancements in the field of biology.

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  • 29. 

    The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

    • Osmotic pressure

    • Osmosis.

    • Pinocytosis.

    • Active transport.

    Correct Answer
    A. Osmosis.
    Explanation
    Osmosis is the correct answer because it refers to the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration on either side of the membrane, causing water molecules to move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process is important for maintaining proper balance and hydration in cells and is a fundamental mechanism in biological systems.

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  • 30. 

    The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

    • Cell division

    • Metaphase.

    • Interphase.

    • Mitosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell division
    Explanation
    Cell division refers to the process in which a cell divides into two daughter cells. This process is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms. During cell division, the genetic material is replicated and distributed equally between the two daughter cells, ensuring that each cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This allows for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. Cell division is a fundamental process in biology and is essential for the maintenance and development of multicellular organisms.

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  • 31. 

    An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

    • Takes less time

    • Requires more time

    • Provides genetic diversity

    • Produces identical offspring

    Correct Answer
    A. Provides genetic diversity
    Explanation
    Sexual reproduction allows for the exchange of genetic material between two parents, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes from both parents. This genetic diversity is advantageous as it increases the chances of survival in changing environments, as offspring may have variations that are better suited to their surroundings. In contrast, asexual reproduction produces identical offspring, which limits their ability to adapt to new conditions and makes them more susceptible to diseases or changes in their environment.

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  • 32. 

    The brain, lungs, testes, and small intestine are examples of  

    • nerves

    • Organs

    • Tissues

    • Organ systems

    Correct Answer
    A. Organs
    Explanation
    The brain, lungs, testes, and small intestine are examples of organs. Organs are structures made up of different tissues that work together to perform specific functions in the body. Each of these organs has a unique structure and function. The brain is responsible for controlling and coordinating various body functions, the lungs facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration, the testes produce sperm and hormones, and the small intestine is involved in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 33. 

    Which body system is directly affected when a person has heart disease?  

    • Circulatory system

    • Endocrine system

    • Reproductive system

    • Nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Circulatory system
    Explanation
    Heart disease directly affects the circulatory system. The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood throughout the body, and the heart is the central organ of this system. Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. These conditions can impair the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to various symptoms and complications. Therefore, heart disease directly impacts the circulatory system's ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs.

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  • 34. 
    Which chemical shown in Figure 8–3 is an electron carrier molecule? - ProProfs

    Which chemical shown in Figure 8–3 is an electron carrier molecule?

    • H2O

    • Carbon dioxide

    • NADP+

    • Oxygen

    Correct Answer
    A. NADP+
    Explanation
    NADP+ is an electron carrier molecule because it can accept and donate electrons during photosynthesis. It plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where it accepts electrons from chlorophyll and becomes reduced to NADPH. NADPH then carries the high-energy electrons to the Calvin cycle, where they are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Therefore, NADP+ acts as a carrier molecule for electrons in the process of photosynthesis.

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  • 35. 

    During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?

    • G1 phase

    • G2 phase

    • M phase

    • S phase

    Correct Answer
    A. M phase
    Explanation
    Mitosis, the process of cell division, occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle. This phase is characterized by the actual division of the cell's nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei. The M phase consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which collectively ensure the proper separation and distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells. Therefore, the correct answer is M phase.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

    • Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

    • Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

    • Interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase

    • Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
    Explanation
    The correct answer is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. This is the correct sequence of phases in mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear envelope reforms.

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  • 37. 

    Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their

    • Size

    • Spindle fibers.

    • Growth rate

    • Surface area

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth rate
    Explanation
    Cancer is a disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The cells affected by cancer lose their ability to regulate their growth rate, leading to the formation of tumors. This uncontrolled growth can result in the formation of abnormal masses of cells, which can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "growth rate."

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  • 38. 

    What happens during photosynthesis?

    • Heterotrophs consume ATP.

    • Heterotrophs produce ATP

    • Autotrophs consume carbohydrates

    • Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.

    Correct Answer
    A. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.
    Explanation
    During photosynthesis, autotrophs (organisms that can produce their own food) use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (carbohydrates) and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight energy and converts it into chemical energy. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the autotrophs as a source of energy for various cellular activities. Therefore, the correct answer is "Autotrophs produce carbohydrates."

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  • 39. 

    Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing

    • High-energy sugars

    • Chlorophyll a.

    • Chlorophyll b.

    • Sunlight.

    Correct Answer
    A. Sunlight.
    Explanation
    Plants obtain the energy required for photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight. Sunlight provides the necessary photons that are captured by chlorophyll molecules in the plant cells. These photons are then converted into chemical energy through a series of reactions, enabling the synthesis of high-energy sugars, such as glucose. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are pigments present in the chloroplasts of plant cells that play a crucial role in capturing light energy, but they are not the direct source of energy for photosynthesis. Therefore, sunlight is the correct answer.

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  • 40. 

    Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to  

    • Chloroplasts

    • Cytoplasm.

    • Mitochondria.

    • Nuclei.

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria.
    Explanation
    Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, which occurs in the chloroplasts. Similarly, cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert energy from food into usable energy, and this process occurs in the mitochondria.

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  • 41. 
    The structure labeled A in Figure 10–5 is called the - ProProfs

    The structure labeled A in Figure 10–5 is called the

    • Centromere.

    • Centriole.

    • Sister chromatid

    • Spindle.

    Correct Answer
    A. Centromere.
    Explanation
    The structure labeled A in Figure 10-5 is called the centromere. The centromere is a region on a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together. It plays a crucial role in the separation of the sister chromatids during cell division. The centromere is responsible for attaching the chromosomes to the spindle fibers, which are essential for the movement and alignment of the chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis.

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  • 42. 

    The stroma is the region outside the

    • Thylakoids.

    • Chloroplasts.

    • Plant cells

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Thylakoids.
    Explanation
    The stroma is the region outside the thylakoids in chloroplasts. The thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments within the chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. The stroma, on the other hand, is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids where the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle) take place. It is in the stroma that carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using the energy captured during the light-dependent reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is thylakoids.

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  • 43. 

    How do organisms get the energy they need?  

    • By burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat

    • By breathing oxygen into the lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide

    • By breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy

    • By using the sun’s energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals

    Correct Answer
    A. By breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy
    Explanation
    Organisms get the energy they need by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy. This process is known as cellular respiration, where the energy stored in food molecules is released in a controlled manner and converted into a form that cells can use, called ATP. This energy is then used for various cellular processes and activities necessary for the organism's survival and functioning.

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  • 44. 

    During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later  on in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called

    • Apoptosis.

    • Cytokinesis

    • Differentiation.

    • Interphase.

    Correct Answer
    A. Differentiation.
    Explanation
    During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. This means that they have the same genetic information and potential to become any type of cell. However, as development progresses, these cells undergo a process called differentiation. This is when cells become specialized and take on specific functions and characteristics. This process allows for the formation of different types of tissues and organs in the organism, ensuring proper functioning and organization. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death, cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, and interphase is a stage in the cell cycle.

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  • 45. 

    Which of the following organisms has an exoskeleton?  

    • Insect

    • rat

    • Bird

    • Lizzard

    Correct Answer
    A. Insect
    Explanation
    Insects have an exoskeleton, which is a hard outer covering that provides support and protection for their bodies. This exoskeleton is made of a tough substance called chitin. It helps insects maintain their shape, prevents them from drying out, and serves as a barrier against predators. In contrast, rats, birds, and lizards have endoskeletons, which are internal skeletons made of bones or cartilage.

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  • 46. 

    When an infection occurs, the number of  

    • Red blood cells increases.

    • Red blood cells decreases.

    • White blood cells increases.

    • White blood cells decreases

    Correct Answer
    A. White blood cells increases.
    Explanation
    When an infection occurs, the body's immune system responds by producing more white blood cells. White blood cells are responsible for fighting off infections and foreign substances in the body. Therefore, an increase in the number of white blood cells is a normal response to an infection.

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  • 47. 

    Which blood cells are most numerous in the blood?

    • Red blood cells

    • White blood cells

    • platelets

    • Plasma

    Correct Answer
    A. Red blood cells
    Explanation
    Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are the most numerous blood cells in the blood. They make up about 40-45% of the total blood volume. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and removing carbon dioxide. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives red blood cells their characteristic color. The high number of red blood cells is essential for efficient oxygen transport throughout the body.

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  • 48. 

    Hormones travel through ______________ to get to _________________.  

    • Blood, target cells

    • Blood, glands

    • Nerves, target cells

    • Nerves, glands

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood, target cells
    Explanation
    Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the body. They travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells, which are specific cells that have receptors for the hormone. Once the hormones reach the target cells, they bind to these receptors and initiate a response or action in the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "blood, target cells."

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  • 49. 

    Unlike exocrine glands, endocrine glands

    • Release secretions outside of the body

    • Release digestive enzymes

    • Release secretions directly into the body

    • Usually have ducts

    Correct Answer
    A. Release secretions directly into the body
    Explanation
    Endocrine glands are a type of glands that release secretions directly into the body. Unlike exocrine glands, which release secretions outside of the body or through ducts, endocrine glands do not have ducts. Instead, they release their secretions, called hormones, directly into the bloodstream. These hormones then travel to target cells or organs in the body, where they regulate various physiological processes. This direct release into the body allows the hormones to have a widespread and systemic effect on the body rather than a localized one.

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  • Jun 17, 2024
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  • Jun 01, 2012
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    Phenominiall

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