Biology Final Part 2
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The three particles that make up atoms are
- A.
Protons, neutrons, and isotopes
- B.
Neutrons, isotopes, and electrons
- C.
Positives, negatives, and neutrals.
- D.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Correct Answer
D. Protons, neutrons, and electrons.Explanation
The three particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. These three particles together determine the properties and behavior of an atom.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following statements about a compound is true?
- A.
The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed
- B.
Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
- C.
Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
- D.
The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed.
Correct Answer
A. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formedExplanation
A compound is formed when two or more elements combine chemically. During this process, the atoms of the elements rearrange themselves to form new chemical bonds, resulting in a completely different substance with different physical and chemical properties. This is because the properties of a compound are determined by the arrangement and interactions of its constituent atoms, which are different from the properties of the individual elements. Therefore, the statement that the physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed is true.Rate this question:
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- 3.
. A covalent bond is formed as the result of
- A.
. transferring electrons.
- B.
Sharing electrons.
- C.
Transferring protons.
- D.
Sharing protons
Correct Answer
B. Sharing electrons.Explanation
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons. In this type of bond, the electrons are not transferred from one atom to another, as in an ionic bond, but instead, they are shared between the atoms. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, filling their outermost energy levels. Therefore, the correct answer is sharing electrons.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is
- A.
Slightly negative.
- B.
Very negative
- C.
Slightly positive.
- D.
Very positive.
Correct Answer
A. Slightly negative.Explanation
In a water molecule, the oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms. This means that the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, causing them to spend more time around the oxygen atom. As a result, the oxygen atom becomes slightly negatively charged, while the hydrogen atoms become slightly positively charged. Therefore, the correct answer is slightly negative.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A substance with a pH of 6 is called
- A.
An acid
- B.
Base.
- C.
Water.
- D.
Suspension.
Correct Answer
A. An acidExplanation
A substance with a pH of 6 is considered an acid because the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity. Therefore, a pH of 6 falls within the acidic range, making the substance an acid.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In chemical reactions, atoms are
- A.
Created.
- B.
Destroyed.
- C.
Rearranged.
- D.
Rearranged.
Correct Answer
C. Rearranged.Explanation
In chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged. This means that the atoms present in the reactants are rearranged to form new molecules or compounds in the products. The total number of atoms remains the same before and after the reaction, but their arrangement changes. This rearrangement of atoms is what allows for the formation of new substances with different properties.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The energy needed to get a reaction started is the
- A.
Adhesion energy.
- B.
Activation energy.
- C.
Cohesion energy
- D.
Chemical energy
Correct Answer
B. Activation energy.Explanation
Activation energy is the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. It represents the energy barrier that must be overcome for the reactants to transform into products. Adhesion energy refers to the attractive force between different substances, cohesion energy refers to the attractive force between molecules of the same substance, and chemical energy refers to the potential energy stored in chemical bonds. Therefore, activation energy is the most appropriate answer as it specifically relates to the energy required to start a reaction.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called
- A.
A catalyst
- B.
Lipid
- C.
Molecule.
- D.
Element.
Correct Answer
A. A catalystExplanation
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called a catalyst. A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thus increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. It provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed, allowing the reaction to occur more quickly and efficiently. Lipids, molecules, and elements do not possess the specific properties of a catalyst, making them incorrect answers.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible?
- A.
Centrifuge
- B.
The particle accelerator
- C.
The ultraviolet light
- D.
The microscope
Correct Answer
D. The microscopeExplanation
The discovery of cells became possible due to the advance in technology known as the microscope. The microscope allowed scientists to magnify and observe tiny structures that were previously invisible to the naked eye. This breakthrough enabled them to study and understand the existence and functions of cells, leading to significant advancements in the field of biology.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
- A.
Cells are the basic units of life.
- B.
All living things are made of cells
- C.
Very few cells are able to reproduce.
- D.
All cells are produced from existing cells
Correct Answer
C. Very few cells are able to reproduce.Explanation
The cell theory states that cells are the basic units of life, all living things are made of cells, and all cells are produced from existing cells. However, the statement "Very few cells are able to reproduce" contradicts this principle. In reality, most cells are capable of reproducing through processes such as cell division. Therefore, this statement does not align with the principles of the cell theory.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?
- A.
Cells come in many different shapes.
- B.
Different kinds of cells are different sizes
- C.
Some cells have a nucleus, but others do not.
- D.
Most cells have a membrane, but some do not
Correct Answer
D. Most cells have a membrane, but some do notExplanation
The statement "Most cells have a membrane, but some do not" is not true. All cells have a membrane, which is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is a universal feature of all cells and is essential for their function. Therefore, the correct answer is that most cells have a membrane, and none of them do not.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
- A.
Plants
- B.
Animals
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Fungi
Correct Answer
C. BacteriaExplanation
Bacteria are prokaryotes because they lack a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have a simple cellular structure with a single circular chromosome and lack complex internal compartments. Plants, animals, and fungi, on the other hand, are eukaryotes, which means they have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.Rate this question:
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- 13.
which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown?
- A.
The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
- B.
The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus
- C.
The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
- D.
The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.
Correct Answer
A. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleusExplanation
The correct answer is that the cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. This conclusion can be drawn because eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a membrane-bound nucleus, which is clearly visible in the cell shown. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not have a true nucleus. Therefore, the presence of a nucleus indicates that the cell is eukaryotic.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
- A.
Stores DNA
- B.
Stores sugars
- C.
Builds proteins
- D.
Packages proteins
Correct Answer
A. Stores DNAExplanation
The nucleus is responsible for storing DNA. DNA contains the genetic information of an organism and is crucial for various cellular processes. The nucleus protects and organizes the DNA, ensuring its stability and accessibility when needed for replication, transcription, and other cellular activities. Therefore, the function of the nucleus is to store DNA.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Mitochondrion
- C.
Vacuole
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, using the coded instructions that come from the nucleus. They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes translate the genetic information stored in the DNA into proteins by assembling amino acids in the correct order according to the instructions carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Therefore, ribosomes play a crucial role in the production of proteins, which are essential for various cellular processes and functions.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which organelles are involved in energy conversion?
- A.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
- B.
Mitochondria and ribosomes
- C.
Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D.
Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts
Correct Answer
A. Mitochondria and chloroplastsExplanation
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy conversion. Mitochondria are responsible for converting energy from food into ATP, the main energy currency of cells, through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis, producing glucose and oxygen. Both organelles play crucial roles in energy production and are essential for the functioning of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
- A.
Mitochondrion
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Chloroplast
- D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
C. ChloroplastExplanation
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and converts it into energy. Since animals do not undergo photosynthesis, they do not require chloroplasts and therefore do not have them. This is why chloroplasts are found exclusively in plant cells.Rate this question:
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- 18.
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
- A.
Plants
- B.
Animals
- C.
Fungi
- D.
bacteria
Correct Answer
B. AnimalsExplanation
Animals do not have a cell wall. While plants, fungi, and bacteria all have cell walls, animals do not. Animals have a cell membrane instead, which is a flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The absence of a cell wall in animals allows for greater flexibility and movement, which is necessary for their diverse range of functions and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
- A.
Mitochondrion
- B.
Cell membrane
- C.
Chloroplast
- D.
Channel protein
Correct Answer
B. Cell membraneExplanation
The cell membrane serves as the cell's boundary from its environment. It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It protects the cell from its surroundings and helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane plays a crucial role in cell communication and recognition.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
- A.
Osmotic pressure
- B.
Osmosis.
- C.
Pinocytosis.
- D.
Active transport.
Correct Answer
B. Osmosis.Explanation
Osmosis is the correct answer because it refers to the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration on either side of the membrane, causing water molecules to move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process is important for maintaining proper balance and hydration in cells and is a fundamental mechanism in biological systems.Rate this question:
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- 21.
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
- A.
Water to move into the cell.
- B.
Water to move out of the cell
- C.
Solutes to move into the cell.
- D.
Solutes to move out of the cell.
Correct Answer
A. Water to move into the cell.Explanation
When an animal cell is surrounded by fresh water, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher than the concentration outside. This creates a concentration gradient, and water molecules tend to move from an area of lower solute concentration (outside the cell) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside the cell) through a process called osmosis. As a result, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst. Therefore, the correct answer is "water to move into the cell."Rate this question:
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- 22.
The cells of unicellular organisms are
- A.
Specialized to perform different tasks.
- B.
Larger than those of multicellular organisms
- C.
Able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life.
- D.
Unable to respond to changes in their environment.
Correct Answer
C. Able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life.Explanation
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell, which means that this single cell must be able to carry out all the functions necessary for life. Unlike multicellular organisms, which have specialized cells that perform specific tasks, unicellular organisms do not have different cell types. Instead, their single cell is responsible for functions such as obtaining nutrients, reproducing, and responding to changes in the environment. This allows them to survive and carry out all the necessary functions for their life processes.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is an example of an organ?
- A.
Heart
- B.
Epithelial tissue
- C.
. digestive system
- D.
Nerve cell
Correct Answer
A. HeartExplanation
The heart is an example of an organ because it is a specialized structure composed of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. It is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, and it is made up of cardiac muscle tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
- A.
Cell, tissue, organ system, organ
- B.
Organ system, organ, tissue, cell
- C.
Tissue, organ, organ system, cell
- D.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Correct Answer
D. Cell, tissue, organ, organ systemExplanation
The correct answer is cell, tissue, organ, organ system. This is the correct sequence of levels of organization in a multicellular organism, starting from the simplest level to the most complex level. The cell is the basic unit of life, tissues are made up of cells working together, organs are made up of different tissues working together, and organ systems are made up of different organs working together.Rate this question:
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- 25.
As a cell becomes larger, its
- A.
Volume increases faster than its surface area.
- B.
Surface area increases faster than its volume.
- C.
Volume increases, but its surface area stays the same.
- D.
Surface area stays the same, but its volume increases
Correct Answer
A. Volume increases faster than its surface area.Explanation
As a cell becomes larger, its volume increases faster than its surface area. This is because volume is a three-dimensional measurement that increases with the cube of the cell's size, while surface area is a two-dimensional measurement that increases with the square of the cell's size. As a result, the increase in volume outpaces the increase in surface area, causing the volume to increase faster than the surface area.Rate this question:
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- 26.
All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT
- A.
More demands on DNA.
- B.
Excess oxygen.
- C.
Obtaining enough food.
- D.
Expelling wastes.
Correct Answer
B. Excess oxygen.Explanation
Growth causes cells to have more demands on DNA because as cells grow and divide, they need to replicate their DNA to pass on to the new cells. Growth also leads to cells needing to obtain enough food to support their increased size and metabolic demands. Additionally, as cells grow, they produce more waste that needs to be expelled from the cell. However, excess oxygen is not a problem caused by growth for cells. In fact, oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble
- A.
Dividing.
- B.
Producing daughter cells.
- C.
storing needed materials and waste products.
- D.
Moving needed materials in and waste products out.
Correct Answer
D. Moving needed materials in and waste products out.Explanation
Large cells have more trouble moving needed materials in and waste products out compared to small cells. This is because as a cell grows larger, its surface area to volume ratio decreases. As a result, the cell's membrane becomes less efficient in transporting necessary materials and removing waste products. Therefore, large cells face more difficulty in maintaining proper transportation of materials, leading to potential problems in their functioning and survival.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
- A.
Cell division
- B.
Metaphase.
- C.
Interphase.
- D.
Mitosis.
Correct Answer
A. Cell divisionExplanation
Cell division refers to the process in which a cell divides into two daughter cells. This process is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction in organisms. During cell division, the genetic material is replicated and distributed equally between the two daughter cells, ensuring that each cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. This allows for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. Cell division is a fundamental process in biology and is essential for the maintenance and development of multicellular organisms.Rate this question:
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- 29.
An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction
- A.
Takes less time
- B.
Requires more time
- C.
Provides genetic diversity
- D.
Produces identical offspring
Correct Answer
C. Provides genetic diversityExplanation
Sexual reproduction allows for the exchange of genetic material between two parents, resulting in offspring that have a unique combination of genes from both parents. This genetic diversity is advantageous as it increases the chances of survival in changing environments, as offspring may have variations that are better suited to their surroundings. In contrast, asexual reproduction produces identical offspring, which limits their ability to adapt to new conditions and makes them more susceptible to diseases or changes in their environment.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following lists structures from smallest to largest?
- A.
Chromosome, supercoil, coil, nucleosome, double helix
- B.
Chromosome, coil, double helix, nucleosome, supercoil
- C.
Double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome
- D.
Nucleosome, coil, double helix, chromosome, supercoil
Correct Answer
C. Double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosomeExplanation
The correct answer is double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome. This is the correct order from smallest to largest because the double helix is the basic structure of DNA, followed by the nucleosome which consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. The coil refers to the coiling of the nucleosomes into a more compact structure. The supercoil is a higher level of coiling where the DNA is twisted upon itself. Finally, the chromosome is the largest structure, consisting of a highly condensed and organized form of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 31.
During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?
- A.
G1 phase
- B.
G2 phase
- C.
M phase
- D.
S phase
Correct Answer
C. M phaseExplanation
Mitosis, the process of cell division, occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle. This phase is characterized by the actual division of the cell's nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei. The M phase consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which collectively ensure the proper separation and distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells. Therefore, the correct answer is M phase.Rate this question:
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- 32.
When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
- A.
G1 phase
- B.
G2 phase
- C.
S phase
- D.
M phase
Correct Answer
C. S phaseExplanation
During the S phase of the cell cycle, a cell's DNA is replicated. This phase follows the G1 phase and precedes the G2 phase. In the S phase, the cell synthesizes a copy of its DNA in preparation for cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive a complete set of genetic material. The replication process involves unwinding and separating the DNA strands, and then synthesizing new complementary strands using the existing strands as templates. The S phase is a crucial step in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genetic information in cells.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The structure labeled A in Figure 10–5 is called the
- A.
Centromere.
- B.
Centriole.
- C.
Sister chromatid
- D.
Spindle.
Correct Answer
A. Centromere.Explanation
The structure labeled A in Figure 10-5 is called the centromere. The centromere is a region on a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together. It plays a crucial role in the separation of the sister chromatids during cell division. The centromere is responsible for attaching the chromosomes to the spindle fibers, which are essential for the movement and alignment of the chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 34.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Telophase
- C.
Metaphase
- D.
Anaphase
Correct Answer
C. MetaphaseExplanation
During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves along the equatorial plane, also known as the metaphase plate, in the middle of the dividing cell. This alignment is crucial for the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes and exert tension, ensuring that each chromosome is aligned correctly before proceeding to the next phase of mitosis.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
- A.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- B.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- C.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
- D.
Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
Correct Answer
A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseExplanation
The correct answer is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. This is the correct sequence of phases in mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear envelope reforms.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
- A.
Centrioles
- B.
Cyclins.
- C.
Spindle fibers
- D.
The nuclear envelope
Correct Answer
B. Cyclins.Explanation
In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by cyclins. Cyclins are proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle by binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The levels of different cyclins fluctuate throughout the cell cycle, and their activation triggers specific events in each phase of the cycle. This regulation ensures that the cell progresses through the cell cycle in a coordinated and timely manner. Centrioles play a role in cell division, spindle fibers are involved in mitosis, and the nuclear envelope is responsible for separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm, but they do not directly regulate the timing of the cell cycle.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
- A.
Size
- B.
Spindle fibers.
- C.
Growth rate
- D.
Surface area
Correct Answer
C. Growth rateExplanation
Cancer is a disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The cells affected by cancer lose their ability to regulate their growth rate, leading to the formation of tumors. This uncontrolled growth can result in the formation of abnormal masses of cells, which can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "growth rate."Rate this question:
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- 38.
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
- A.
Tumors.
- B.
Cyclins.
- C.
Growth factors
- D.
P53.
Correct Answer
A. Tumors.Explanation
Cancer cells form masses of cells called tumors. Tumors are abnormal growths of cells that can occur in any part of the body. These cells divide and multiply uncontrollably, forming a mass or lump. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called
- A.
Apoptosis.
- B.
Cytokinesis
- C.
Differentiation.
- D.
Interphase.
Correct Answer
C. Differentiation.Explanation
During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. This means that they have the same genetic information and potential to become any type of cell. However, as development progresses, these cells undergo a process called differentiation. This is when cells become specialized and take on specific functions and characteristics. This process allows for the formation of different types of tissues and organs in the organism, ensuring proper functioning and organization. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death, cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division, and interphase is a stage in the cell cycle.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Why are stem cells important?
- A.
They have specialized DNA.
- B.
They are incapable of becoming cancer cells
- C.
They have the potential to undergo cell division.
- D.
They have the potential to develop into other cell types.
Correct Answer
D. They have the potential to develop into other cell types.Explanation
Stem cells are important because they have the unique ability to develop into different types of cells in the body. This means that they can differentiate into specialized cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, or blood cells. This potential for differentiation makes stem cells valuable for medical research and regenerative medicine, as they can be used to replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues. Stem cells also play a crucial role in the normal growth and development of organisms, as they are responsible for generating new cells and tissues during embryonic development and throughout life.Rate this question:
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- 41.
All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
D. DExplanation
An ADP molecule is composed of three main parts: adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups. These components are represented by options A, B, and C. Option D is not a part of an ADP molecule.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
- A.
Autotrophs.
- B.
Heterotrophs
- C.
Thylakoids.
- D.
Pigments.
Correct Answer
A. Autotrophs.Explanation
Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They use energy from the sun or chemicals to convert inorganic substances into organic compounds. Plants are a prime example of autotrophs as they use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Heterotrophs, on the other hand, cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming other organisms for nutrition. Thylakoids and pigments are components involved in the process of photosynthesis, but they do not define organisms that make their own food.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph?
- A.
Tiger
- B.
Algae
- C.
Wheat
- D.
Sunflower
Correct Answer
A. TigerExplanation
A heterotroph is an organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms. Tigers are carnivores, which means they primarily eat meat, making them heterotrophs. Algae, wheat, and sunflowers are all autotrophs, meaning they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 44.
What happens during photosynthesis?
- A.
Heterotrophs consume ATP.
- B.
Heterotrophs produce ATP
- C.
Autotrophs consume carbohydrates
- D.
Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.
Correct Answer
D. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.Explanation
During photosynthesis, autotrophs (organisms that can produce their own food) use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (carbohydrates) and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight energy and converts it into chemical energy. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the autotrophs as a source of energy for various cellular activities. Therefore, the correct answer is "Autotrophs produce carbohydrates."Rate this question:
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- 45.
Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called
- A.
Pigments.
- B.
Thylakoids.
- C.
Mitochondria.
- D.
Glucose.
Correct Answer
A. Pigments.Explanation
Plants gather energy through the process of photosynthesis, where they convert light energy into chemical energy. This is made possible by pigments, such as chlorophyll, which are present in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These pigments absorb light energy and use it to initiate the photosynthetic reactions. Thylakoids are membrane structures within the chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for cellular respiration, not energy absorption. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis, not the molecules responsible for energy absorption.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing
- A.
High-energy sugars
- B.
Chlorophyll a.
- C.
Chlorophyll b.
- D.
Sunlight.
Correct Answer
D. Sunlight.Explanation
Plants obtain the energy required for photosynthesis by absorbing sunlight. Sunlight provides the necessary photons that are captured by chlorophyll molecules in the plant cells. These photons are then converted into chemical energy through a series of reactions, enabling the synthesis of high-energy sugars, such as glucose. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are pigments present in the chloroplasts of plant cells that play a crucial role in capturing light energy, but they are not the direct source of energy for photosynthesis. Therefore, sunlight is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
- A.
Absorbs green light.
- B.
Absorbs violet light.
- C.
Does not absorb green light.
- D.
Does not absorb violet light.
Correct Answer
C. Does not absorb green light.Explanation
Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for the green color in plants. It absorbs light energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Chlorophyll molecules primarily absorb red and blue light, but they do not absorb green light as efficiently. Instead, they reflect it, giving plants their green appearance. Therefore, most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not absorb green light.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which structure in Figure 8–2 represents a single thylakoid?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
C. C -
- 49.
The stroma is the region outside the
- A.
Thylakoids.
- B.
Chloroplasts.
- C.
Plant cells
- D.
Mitochondria
Correct Answer
A. Thylakoids.Explanation
The stroma is the region outside the thylakoids in chloroplasts. The thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments within the chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. The stroma, on the other hand, is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids where the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle) take place. It is in the stroma that carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using the energy captured during the light-dependent reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is thylakoids.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
- A.
In the ATP
- B.
In the stroma
- C.
in the thylakoid membrane
- D.
In the thylakoid space
Correct Answer
C. in the thylakoid membraneExplanation
Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The thylakoid membrane is the site where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. Chlorophyll molecules are embedded within the thylakoid membrane and are responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy. This energy is then used to produce ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the synthesis of glucose during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is "in the thylakoid membrane."Rate this question:
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