CCNA 1 Chapter 6

The correct answer is HTTP because HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for accessing websites. It is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web and allows for the retrieval and display of web pages. Other protocols listed, such as IM (Instant Messaging), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), are not typically used for accessing websites.

Instant messaging is the correct answer because it allows logged in users to communicate with each other in real time. Unlike a blog or email, which are not designed for immediate communication, instant messaging provides a platform for instant back-and-forth conversations. Web mail, while it enables email communication, does not offer the same real-time interaction as instant messaging. Therefore, instant messaging is the most suitable client software for real-time communication between logged in users.

www.cisco.com represents the domain name of a website. When a user types this domain name into a web browser address textbox, the browser translates it into the corresponding IP address of the web server hosting the website. This IP address is used to establish a connection with the server and retrieve the requested web page. The domain name acts as a human-readable identifier for the web server's IP address.

A DNS server is used to translate domain names into their associated IP addresses. Domain names are human-readable addresses that are easier to remember and use than numeric IP addresses. When an email client sends a letter, it needs to know the IP address of the recipient's mail server. The DNS server acts as a directory, converting the domain name of the recipient's mail server into its corresponding IP address, allowing the email client to establish a connection and send the email successfully.

The de-encapsulation process occurs in the following order: first, the Ethernet header and trailer are removed. Then, the IP header is removed. After that, the TCP header is removed. Finally, the data is passed to the application.

DNS (Domain Name System) is the most likely application used to translate www.cisco.com to its corresponding IP address, 198.133.219.25. DNS is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using human-readable names instead of numerical IP addresses. In this case, when a user enters www.cisco.com in their web browser, the DNS server is queried to resolve the domain name to its associated IP address, enabling the user to connect to the correct server and access the website.

IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a protocol used by email servers to retrieve and access email messages from a remote server. Therefore, the correct answer is "e-mail" because IMAP is specifically designed for email servers to handle email communication and allow users to access their emails from different devices.

Cabling issues are associated with the physical layer of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for transmitting raw data bits over a physical medium, such as cables. Cabling problems can include issues like damaged cables, loose connections, or interference that can disrupt the transmission of data signals.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) uses the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) to transfer files over the Internet. TCP is a reliable and connection-oriented protocol that ensures the successful delivery of data packets between the FTP client and server. It establishes a connection, breaks the file into smaller packets, numbers them, and reassembles them at the destination. TCP also provides error checking, flow control, and congestion control mechanisms, making it suitable for file transfer applications like FTP.

The advantage of using layers in the OSI reference model is that it prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers. Each layer has a specific set of functions and responsibilities, and they communicate with each other through well-defined interfaces. This modular approach allows for easier troubleshooting, maintenance, and upgrades, as changes made to one layer can be isolated and do not impact the functionality of other layers. This also promotes interoperability, as different vendors can develop and implement their own solutions for each layer without affecting the overall network communication.

The information contained in an IP header includes the source and destination IP addresses. The IP header is a part of the IP packet and it contains various fields that provide information about the packet, such as the version of the IP protocol, the length of the packet, and the source and destination IP addresses. The source IP address represents the sender of the packet, while the destination IP address represents the intended recipient of the packet. The IP addresses are crucial for routing the packet across the network and ensuring it reaches the correct destination.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a communication protocol used for sending email messages between servers. Port number 25 is specifically assigned to SMTP, making it the correct answer. This port is used to establish a connection between the email client and the email server, allowing for the transmission of email messages.

The OSI reference model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system. It consists of seven layers, starting from the lowest layer to the highest layer. The correct order of the layers is physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. This order represents the flow of data from the physical transmission of bits to the application layer where data is presented to the user.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used by email servers to communicate with each other. It is the standard protocol for sending and receiving emails over the internet. SMTP ensures that emails are properly routed and delivered to the intended recipients. It works in conjunction with other protocols like POP (Post Office Protocol) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) which are used by email clients to retrieve emails from the server.

The segment destination port number identifies the application that should handle the incoming segment. Each application, including FTP and HTTP, has a specific port number associated with it. When a segment arrives at the server, the server checks the destination port number in the packet header to determine which application should handle it. If the destination port number matches the port number associated with FTP, the FTP service will handle the segment. Similarly, if the destination port number matches the port number associated with HTTP, the HTTP service will handle the segment.

The correct answer explains that UDP is a suitable choice for a network-based video game because it does not disrupt the game to retransmit dropped packets. This means that if a packet is lost during transmission, UDP does not attempt to resend it, allowing the game to continue without interruption. This is important for real-time applications like video games, where maintaining a smooth and uninterrupted gameplay experience is crucial. TCP, on the other hand, provides extra acknowledgements and ensures smooth video delivery but may introduce delays due to retransmissions. Therefore, UDP is a more suitable choice for a network-based video game.

In a corporate environment, the most likely type of server to be used first by a network client would be DHCP. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is responsible for assigning IP addresses to devices on a network automatically. When a client connects to the network, it sends a DHCP request to obtain an IP address, subnet mask, and other network configuration information. This allows the client to quickly and efficiently connect to the network without manual configuration. DNS, e-mail, FTP, and Telnet servers may be used later for specific purposes, but DHCP is the initial server required for network connectivity.

When a device receives an Ethernet frame and recognizes the MAC address as its own, it needs to remove the Ethernet header and trailer in order to access the encapsulated data. The Ethernet header and trailer contain information necessary for transmitting the frame across the network, but once the frame reaches its intended destination, this information is no longer needed. By removing the Ethernet header and trailer, the device can extract the encapsulated data and pass it to the appropriate layers of the network stack for further processing.

The term used to describe how TCP/IP protocols are layered and interact to format, address, and transmit information across a network is "protocol stack." A protocol stack refers to a set of protocols that work together in a hierarchical manner to enable communication between devices in a network. Each layer in the stack performs specific functions and interacts with the layers above and below it to ensure the reliable transmission of data.

The TCP/IP model is a conceptual framework used to understand how data is transmitted over a network. It consists of four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access. The Application layer is responsible for providing services to the end-user, such as email or web browsing. The Internet layer handles the routing of data packets across different networks. The Network Access layer deals with the physical transmission of data, including protocols for sending and receiving data on a specific network medium. Therefore, the correct answer is Application, Internet, and Network Access.

FTP and SMTP are TCP/IP application layer protocols. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between a client and a server over a network. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending and receiving email messages. Both protocols operate at the application layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is responsible for providing network services to applications. UDP, IP, and TCP are transport layer protocols, not application layer protocols. UDP is a connectionless protocol used for lightweight communication, IP is responsible for routing packets across networks, and TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol used for establishing and maintaining network connections.

An Ethernet frame contains the source MAC address, destination MAC address, and error-checking information. The source MAC address is the unique identifier of the device sending the frame, while the destination MAC address is the unique identifier of the device receiving the frame. The error-checking information is used to detect and correct any errors that may have occurred during transmission. The source IP address and destination IP address are not included in an Ethernet frame as they are part of the IP protocol, which operates at a higher layer of the network stack.