The Penultimate Building Utilities 10

Water hammer is the correct answer because it refers to the concussion and banging noise that occurs when a volume of water moving in a pipe suddenly stops or loses momentum. This phenomenon happens due to the inertia of the moving water, which creates a pressure surge when it comes to a sudden halt. This pressure surge can cause loud noises, vibrations, and potential damage to the pipe system if not properly addressed.

A floodlight is a lamp that is specifically designed to project and diffuse a uniform level of illumination over a large area. Unlike a spotlight, which focuses on a specific spot or object, a floodlight spreads light evenly across a wide space. Laser light and uplight are not suitable options for this definition as they do not provide a uniform level of illumination over a large area.

The term "crown" refers to the interior top surface of a pipe. It is the highest point or apex of the pipe's inner surface. This term is commonly used in construction and plumbing to describe the highest point of a pipe's curvature. The crown is important because it helps to ensure proper flow and prevent any blockages or buildup of debris within the pipe.

The correct answer is Siphon Vortex because it describes a toilet bowl that uses the flushing water to create a circular motion or vortex, which helps in cleaning the bowl thoroughly. The term "siphon" indicates the mechanism used to flush the waste, while "vortex" refers to the swirling motion created by the flushing water. This combination of siphon and vortex is a unique feature of this type of toilet bowl design.

Ultrasonic detectors are a type of perimeter detector that can detect changes in sound wave patterns. They work by emitting high-frequency sound waves and then analyzing the reflected waves. When there is a disturbance in the sound wave pattern, such as caused by movement or an object crossing the perimeter, the detector can detect it. This makes ultrasonic detectors effective in detecting intrusions and providing security in various settings.

A gate valve is a type of shutoff valve that is closed by lowering a wedge-shaped gate across the passage. This gate is typically made of metal and moves up and down to control the flow of fluid through the valve. When the gate is lowered, it creates a tight seal against the valve seat, preventing any fluid from passing through. Gate valves are commonly used in applications where a full flow or no flow condition is required, such as in pipelines or plumbing systems.

Effluent refers to liquid sewage that has undergone treatment in a septic tank or sewage treatment plant. This treated sewage is considered effluent because it has been processed to remove solids and contaminants, making it suitable for discharge into the environment. It is important to differentiate effluent from raw sewage, as effluent is less harmful to the environment and can be safely released into water bodies or used for irrigation purposes.

The spring line refers to the horizontal line at the midpoint of the vertical diameter of a pipe. It is the point where the pipe is most stable and experiences the least amount of stress. This is because the weight of the pipe is evenly distributed above and below the spring line. It is an important reference point in pipe design and construction as it helps determine the correct alignment and positioning of the pipe.

A bus is a heavy conductor, typically a solid copper bar, that is used to collect, carry, and distribute large electric currents. It serves as a central connection point for various electrical components in a system. Unlike a race, which refers to a competition, or a conduit, which is a tube or pipe used to protect and route electrical wires, a bus specifically deals with the transportation of electric currents. A circuit, on the other hand, refers to a complete path through which electric current can flow.

Passive infrared detectors are a type of perimeter detector that can detect objects within the heat range of body temperature. These detectors work by sensing the infrared radiation emitted by objects, including humans, and can effectively detect movement and presence in a given area. Unlike active infrared detectors, which emit their own infrared beams, passive infrared detectors rely on detecting the existing infrared energy in the environment. This makes them a popular choice for security systems as they can detect the presence of intruders without emitting any signals themselves.

The washdown type of water closet is prohibited by some health codes because it is known for not being as efficient in removing waste compared to other types. It relies on a large amount of water to flush the waste down, which can lead to higher water consumption. Additionally, the design of the washdown toilet may not effectively prevent odors and gases from escaping, which can be a health concern. Therefore, due to these reasons, some health codes prohibit the use of washdown water closets.

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the transfer of heat energy through the movement of a fluid. In this process, the fluid, such as air or water, becomes heated and rises, while the cooler fluid sinks to replace it. This circulation creates a continuous flow of heat energy from one place to another. Convection is commonly observed in natural phenomena such as the rising of hot air, the circulation of ocean currents, and the movement of magma in the Earth's mantle.

The correct answer is "Washdown." A washdown urinal fixture is designed with a large water surface area and a powerful flush to effectively clean and rinse away waste. This type of urinal is commonly used in public restrooms as it provides better hygiene and odor control. The flush mechanism creates a swirling motion that helps to remove waste efficiently.

The correct answer is "Siphon Jet." In a toilet bowl with a siphon jet, the flushing water enters through the rim and creates a siphonic action. This siphonic action is initiated by a water jet, which draws the contents of the bowl through the trapway. This design helps to efficiently remove waste from the bowl and ensure proper flushing.

A busway is a rigid metal housing that contains a group of heavy conductors that are insulated from each other and the enclosure. It is commonly used to distribute electrical power in industrial and commercial buildings. Unlike traditional wiring methods, a busway provides a more flexible and efficient solution for power distribution as it allows for easy installation, expansion, and reconfiguration. It is also known as a busduct.

A washdown water closet is considered least efficient because it is prone to clogging and produces a lot of noise. It uses a simple washout action through a small irregular passageway, which can result in less effective flushing and potential blockages. This type of water closet may not be suitable for heavy use or situations where efficient flushing is required.

A reverse trap is a type of water closet that has a smaller water surface and trapway compared to a siphon jet. This design allows for efficient flushing and waste removal. The reverse trap creates a strong suction force that pulls the waste down and out of the toilet bowl. This design is commonly used in modern toilets to ensure effective flushing while conserving water.

The correct answer is "Invert". The term "invert" refers to the interior bottom surface of a pipe. It is the lowest point inside the pipe where the flow of water or other substances is concentrated. The invert is important for determining the flow capacity and direction within the pipe system.

A globe valve is a type of valve that is closed by a disk seating on an opening in an internal wall. This means that the disk of the valve is positioned perpendicular to the flow of fluid, allowing for precise control of the flow rate. The design of the globe valve allows for a tight seal when closed, preventing any backflow or leakage. This makes it a suitable choice for applications where flow control and prevention of backflow are important, such as in plumbing systems or industrial processes.

A reverse trap water closet is similar to a siphon-jet water closet, but it has a smaller trap passageway and a smaller water surface area. This design makes it moderately noisy.

A psychrometric chart is a graph used in air-conditioning to show the properties of air-system mixtures. It provides information on temperature, humidity, and other relevant variables, allowing engineers and technicians to analyze and design air-conditioning systems. This chart helps in understanding the behavior of moist air and assists in determining various parameters such as dew point, relative humidity, and specific volume. It is an essential tool in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) engineering.

A fan coil unit is a mechanical equipment that is commonly used in conjunction with a central air-conditioning system to dehumidify and cool the air stream injected into a conditioned space. It consists of a fan, a heating or cooling coil, and a filter. The fan draws air from the conditioned space and passes it over the cooling coil, which removes heat and moisture from the air, resulting in dehumidification and cooling. The conditioned air is then circulated back into the space through the fan. Therefore, the fan coil unit is the correct answer for this question.

Blowout is the correct answer because it is described as a type of water closet that is noisy but highly efficient. It works by using a strong jet into the up leg to force the contents out. It is specifically designed to be used only with a flush valve and requires higher pressure. The other options, Siphon Jet, Reverse Trap, and Siphon Vortex, do not match the given description.

The correct answer is "Siphon Jet". In a water closet, a siphon jet is a mechanism that allows water to enter through the rim and down leg, creating a powerful siphon action that efficiently flushes waste. This design ensures that the toilet is sanitary, as it effectively removes waste with minimal water usage. Additionally, the siphon jet mechanism operates quietly, providing a more comfortable and peaceful experience for the user.

Passive Infrared detectors are a type of perimeter detector that detects the interruption of a light beam. These detectors work by sensing changes in infrared energy emitted by objects in their field of view. When an intruder crosses the path of the light beam, it causes a disruption in the infrared energy, triggering the detector to raise an alarm. Unlike other options like Ultrasonic or Laser Zoom, Passive Infrared detectors do not emit any light beams themselves but rely on detecting changes in existing infrared energy.

Sensible heat refers to the heat that can be sensed or measured by a thermometer, and it raises the air temperature. Unlike latent heat, which is associated with phase changes such as evaporation or condensation, sensible heat is directly related to the change in temperature of a substance. Anthropomorphic heat is not a valid term in the context of heat transfer, and solar heat specifically refers to the heat energy from the sun. Therefore, the correct answer is sensible heat.

The given answer, "Siphon Vortex," is the correct option because it accurately describes the water closet's mechanism. A siphon vortex toilet uses a swirling motion to create a powerful suction that efficiently removes waste from the bowl. This design ensures a quiet operation, provides excellent sanitation, and effectively directs water through the rim for thorough cleaning.