Building Utilities By Alfred

An octave is a musical interval between two frequencies where the higher frequency is exactly double the lower frequency. In this question, the given sound exists within a limited frequency range, and the difference between the lower and upper frequency is specified to be equal to the lower frequency. This is characteristic of an octave. Therefore, the correct answer is b. octave.

A standpipe is a pipe installed in buildings primarily for use as water conveyance in case of fire. It is not connected to the water supply or waste disposal system. The term "standpipe" is used to differentiate it from other types of pipes, such as wet standpipes that are connected to a water supply or dry standpipes that are not filled with water until needed. Therefore, the correct answer is b. standpipe.

A grommet is a rubber or plastic washer that is used to prevent grounding of a wire passing through a hole in a metal part. It acts as an insulator, preventing the wire from coming into contact with the metal and causing a short circuit. A shield, on the other hand, is typically used to protect against electromagnetic interference, and an insulator is a material that does not conduct electricity. Therefore, the correct answer is d. grommet.

For a restaurant with a capacity of 275 persons, it is important to have enough water closets for male patrons. The general rule is to have one water closet for every 50-75 people. In this case, with a capacity of 275 persons, having 3 water closets for males would ensure that there are enough facilities available to accommodate the needs of the patrons. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 3.

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the transfer of heat through the movement of a liquid or gas. In this process, the heated parts of the fluid rise due to a decrease in density, creating a circulation or convection current. This movement is facilitated by the force of gravity. Convection is different from conduction, which involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between objects, and transmittance, which refers to the ability of a material to allow the passage of heat or light.

The correct answer is a. Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC). This type of steel conduit is known for its thinness, with a thickness of 0.071mm. Rigid Steel Conduit (RSC) is a thicker and more heavy-duty option, while None of these is not applicable in this case as the correct answer is IMC.

Intelligibility refers to the measure of the clarity of sound based on the comprehension of the message being conveyed by sound. It can be determined through tests like the "cat, bat, tat, rat..." type of recognition test. Intelligibility is different from articulation, which is the clear and precise pronunciation of words. Lively, on the other hand, does not relate to the clarity of sound or the comprehension of the message being conveyed.

Articulation refers to the clarity and distinctness of a sound, particularly in conveying a message. It means that the sound can be easily understood and comprehended. A slurred sound may be audible but the message it carries may not be well understood, making it inarticulate. Similarly, a clear sound may be overshadowed by a louder noise, making the message unintelligible. Articulation is often measured by the desired signal to unwanted noise ratio. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Articulation.

An air handling unit is a mechanical equipment that is used in conjunction with a central air-conditioning system to dehumidify and cool the air stream that is injected into the conditioned space. It is responsible for circulating and filtering the air, removing moisture, and controlling the temperature. The air handling unit typically consists of components such as a blower, filters, heating and cooling coils, and dampers to regulate the airflow. It plays a crucial role in maintaining comfortable indoor conditions by controlling humidity levels and providing conditioned air to the space.

The minimum trap diameter for laundry tubs is 38mm.

For an auditorium with a capacity of 500 persons, it is generally recommended to have 1 urinal for every 50-75 people. Therefore, if we assume the lower end of this range (1 urinal for every 50 people), we would need 10 urinals. However, since the options provided are all less than 10, we can conclude that the correct answer is 4 urinals.

The ratio of water closets for dormitories (male) is 1:8, which means that for every 8 male dormitory occupants, there should be 1 water closet available. This ratio ensures that there are enough facilities for the number of people using them, promoting hygiene and convenience in the dormitory setting.

The correct answer is c. Passive Infrared (PIR) presences detector. This principle/device, referred to as "E" in the figure, utilizes the fact that all objects emit infrared radiation or heat. It is able to focus on a specific area and cover both horizontal and vertical areas. However, it has the disadvantage of being sensitive to rapid temperature changes caused by direct insulation, cold breeze, heater turning on, etc., which can lead to false alarms. This principle/device is commonly used in intrusion detection systems.

The color coding for piping in the Pneumatic Division is gray.

The correct answer is b. Brown. Oil, whether it is mineral, vegetable, or animal-based, typically has a brown color. This is due to the presence of impurities and contaminants that give it a darker hue. The brown color is a result of oxidation and degradation of the oil over time. Additionally, the brown color can also be an indication of the oil's age and quality.

The given description mentions a factory assembled cable with conductors insulated with a highly compressed refractory mineral insulation enclosed in a copper sheath. This is a characteristic of mineral insulated cables, also known as MI cables. The description also mentions that terminations are made with compression rings, glands, and sealing compounds, which is commonly used for MI cables. Therefore, the correct answer is d. Mineral insulated cable type MI.

The grease retention capacity is the maximum amount of grease that can be held by a system. In this case, if the total number of fixtures connected is 3, the grease retention capacity is 32 kg. This means that the system can hold up to 32 kg of grease before it becomes full.

Bakelite is a type of phenolic compound that is widely used as an insulation covering in electric cables. It is known for its excellent electrical insulating properties and heat resistance, making it an ideal material for protecting the metal conductors in cables. Bakelite is also durable and resistant to chemicals, making it a reliable choice for cable insulation. Therefore, the correct answer is a. Bakelite.

The correct answer is c. With a continuing network of pipes to provide a constant circulation of water. This answer is not a description of a downfeed and gravity return system because in this system, hot water rises to the highest point of the plumbing system and travels to the fixture by gravity, rather than relying on a continuous network of pipes for circulation.

The correct answer is "c. boiler blow-off" because it specifically refers to the outlet of a boiler that allows for the discharge of accumulated sediment. This term is commonly used in the context of boilers and is the most appropriate option among the given choices. "Blow-off" and "blow valve" are more general terms that do not specifically indicate their connection to a boiler.

The given description of the alternating current matches the characteristics of a single phase AC. In a single phase AC, the wave rises to a peak, sinks to zero, drops to a negative peak, and rises again to zero a number of times each second. This is in contrast to two phase and three phase AC, which have multiple waves with different timings and phases. Therefore, the correct answer is c. Single phase.

The correct answer is c. rigid board insulation. This is because the description provided matches the characteristics of rigid board insulation, which is a preformed, non-structural insulating board made of foamed plastic or cellular glass. Rigid board insulation typically has closed-cell structures, such as extruded polystyrene and cellular glass, which make it moisture resistant and suitable for use in contact with the earth.

Service drop conductors of 300 volts or less are allowed to pass over a maximum of 1.20 meters of the overhang portion of the roof if they are terminating at a through-the-roof service raceway or approved support. In this case, they must be maintained at a minimum distance of 500 mm from any portion of the roof over which they pass.

The correct answer is c. USE. The question is asking for the type of wire or cable that is used for underground service entrance. USE stands for Underground Service Entrance, which indicates that it is specifically designed for this purpose. The specifications mentioned in the question, such as being a single conductor with an operating temperature of 75 degrees centigrade, align with the characteristics of USE cable.

The given description describes a type of urinal that has a perforated water-filled pipe with drains at the floor level and traps underground. This suggests that the urine passes through the perforated pipe and drains into the underground traps. Therefore, the correct answer is "through" as it accurately describes the flow of urine through the urinal.

The given statement describes thermal resistance, which is a measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of heat. It is expressed as the temperature difference required to cause heat flow through a unit area of material of given thickness at the rate of one heat per unit time. Therefore, the correct answer is c. thermal resistance.

A prime mover refers to an engine or motor that is powered by various sources of energy such as steam, gas, air, electricity, or liquid or gaseous fuels. Its primary function is to drive or operate other mechanical equipment, either directly or indirectly. In this context, a prime mover is the correct answer as it aligns with the definition provided in the question.

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The maximum size of cleanout (mm) would be 0.51. This is because the front clearance is not less than 305 mm, meaning it could be equal to 305 mm or more. Therefore, the cleanout size cannot exceed the front clearance, so the maximum size would be 0.51 mm.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement is false. The higher the impact insulation class rating, the more effective is the construction in isolating impact noise, not less effective. The IIC rating is a replacement for the previously used Impact Noise Rating and is approximately greater than the INR rating + 51 db for a given construction.

Armored cable, also known as type ACL, is a type of cable that is designed to provide mechanical protection to the conductors inside. It consists of a metal armor layer, typically made of steel or aluminum, which surrounds the conductors. This armor layer helps to protect the cables from physical damage, such as impact or crushing. The given description in the question is referring to the characteristics of alternating current, which is unrelated to the type of cable. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Armored cable type ACL.

Adiabatic heating refers to a rise in temperature that occurs without the addition or removal of heat. In this scenario, excess water vapor in the air condenses, and the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor is converted to sensible heat in the air. This process does not involve any heat transfer with the surroundings, hence it is considered adiabatic heating.

The clearance of electric service drop from above ground at its point of attachment to the building or pedestal should be at least 3.00 m. This is stated in the National Building Code (NBC) on page 212.

The correct answer is c. 4000 mm. According to the National Building Code (NBC) on page 213, the vertical clearance of unguarded rigid energized parts, over 750 V to 22 kV over roofs accessible to vehicles but not subject to truck traffic should be 4000 mm.

The given passage describes a situation where the utility provides electricity to the community at certain times, but also buys electricity from the community when there is excess production. This arrangement of buying and selling electricity indicates a buy/sell system, where the community and the utility engage in a transactional relationship for the supply and demand of electricity.

The correct answer is VRV. VRV stands for Variable Refrigerant Volume, which is a type of air-conditioning system that allows for individual control of air flow and temperature in different rooms or zones. This system is designed to respond to changes in room cooling capacities, making it an ideal choice for spaces with varying cooling needs. Split type air-conditioning systems and VAV (Variable Air Volume) systems may also offer some level of control, but VRV systems are specifically designed to address the need for flexibility and responsiveness in room cooling capacities.

The vertical clearance of an open supply conductor, over 750 V to 22 kV, over or under roofs or projections not readily accessible to pedestrians is 3800 mm.

A door contact is a safety device that prevents the operation of an elevator car unless its door or gate is fully closed. It is designed to detect whether the door is closed properly and if not, it will prevent the elevator from moving. This ensures the safety of passengers and prevents any accidents or injuries that could occur if the elevator were to operate with an open door.

According to the National building code, the minimum allowable clearance from the highest point of the roof to the service drop conductor is 2.50 m. This means that there must be a distance of at least 2.50 meters between the highest point of the roof and the service drop conductor to ensure safety and compliance with the building code regulations.

The given correct answer is "e. None of the above". This means that none of the statements a, b, and c generally describe a vitrified clay pipe. This suggests that a vitrified clay pipe may not necessarily be one of the oldest materials used for a sewer line, it may not be highly resistant to most acids, and it may not be the cheapest option.

The correct answer is c. 1.80 m. / 2.45 m. According to the National Building Code (NBC) on page 211, when buildings exceed 15.00 meters in height, overhead lines should be arranged so that a clear space or zone of at least 1.80 meters horizontally is left adjacent to the building. Additionally, the clear space or zone should begin no more than 2.45 meters horizontally from the building. This arrangement allows for the raising of ladders when necessary for fire fighting.

The correct answer is c. USE. USE stands for Underground Service Entrance cable, which is a type of wire or cable that is suitable for wet and dry locations in buildings. It has an operating temperature of 75 degrees centigrade, making it suitable for various applications. THW-oil and XHHW are not suitable for wet locations, and XHHW is not suitable for dry locations. Therefore, the correct option is c. USE.

The minimum required vertical clearance of an overhead service drop measured from the ground over residential and commercial properties and driveways not subjected to truck traffic over 600 volts to ground is 5500 mm.

Motion detectors are devices that detect motion in a protected area. They operate either at microwave frequencies or at ultrasonic frequencies and use the Doppler effect to detect motion. The Doppler effect refers to the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave as it moves relative to an observer. In the case of motion detectors, they emit waves and measure the change in frequency or wavelength of the reflected waves to determine if there is any motion in the area. Therefore, the correct answer is motion detectors.

The process of defining the desirable condition of sound in an acoustic space is referred to as voicing. This involves integrating the direct, early, and late reflections with reverberation, as well as considering timing and direction for each sound. Voicing combines both the art and science of sound, recognizing the aesthetic side and the impression that people prefer in different spaces. It is based on psychoacoustics, making it a scientific approach to achieving the desired acoustic condition for the listener.

The given description states that the air-conditioning system uses high velocity ducts to supply conditioned air from a central plant to each zone. In this system, the conditioned air mixes with room air and is further heated or cooled in an induction or fan-coil unit. This indicates that both air and water are involved in the process of heating or cooling the air. Therefore, the correct answer is c. air-water system.

The correct answer is a. 500 mm. According to NBC 218, if a machine room or penthouse is located at the top of a hoist way and is more than 500 mm above the adjacent floor or roof surface, it should be constructed with sufficient room for repair and inspection. Access to the room should be provided by means of an iron ladder or stairs.

The fire-resistance rating of a hoistway opening protective assembly, other than elevator entrances, should be at least 1 ½ hours. This rating is determined through tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASME E152 Methods of fire tests of door Assemblies.

The correct answer is c. Armored cable type AC. Armored cable is a type of flexible cable that consists of insulated conductors enclosed in a flexible metal sheath. This metal sheath provides protection to the conductors from physical damage and also helps in grounding the cable. Metal clad cable (MC) is a different type of cable that has a similar construction but with a different sheathing material. Therefore, option c is the correct answer in this case.

The correct answer is a. Aluminum line wire. This type of wire is specifically designed for outdoor use and is weather resistant. It has a polyethylene insulation that provides protection against harsh weather conditions. The operating temperature of 75 degrees centigrade indicates that it can withstand high temperatures without getting damaged. Aluminum line wire is commonly used for overhead power distribution and transmission lines.

The correct answer is c. sone. A sone is a unit for measuring the apparent loudness of a sound. It is determined by a group of listeners who judge the loudness of the given sound to be equal to the loudness of a 1000 hertz reference sound. The sone scale is based on the subjective perception of loudness by humans.

The correct answer is d. Direct Acting Steam Pump. This type of pump has a steam cylinder with no lap on valves, a water cylinder, and a common piston rod. The absence of a lap allows steam to be admitted throughout the length of the stroke, resulting in a pressure volume diagram that is rectangular in shape. This design allows for direct action of the steam on the water, making it a direct acting steam pump.

A fire assembly with a 1-hour or 1/2-hour fire-resistance rating is classified as Class B. This classification is used for protecting openings in 1-hour or 2-hour fire separations, exit stairways, and vertical shafts. Class B fire assemblies have a higher level of fire resistance compared to Class A and Class C, making them suitable for these specific applications.

The minimum size of vent piping is 32 mm. This means that any vent piping used in a system must have a diameter of at least 32 mm. This size is necessary to ensure proper ventilation and prevent any potential issues or blockages in the system. A smaller size may not be sufficient to effectively remove gases or pressure from the system, leading to potential problems or malfunctions.

Mechanical motion detectors are sensitive devices that can be activated by various factors such as sonic booms, wind, and even the passing of a heavy truck. These detectors are designed to detect any significant motion or movement on the surface on which they are placed. When the device detects motion, the contacts inside it make momentary contact, triggering an alarm. This makes mechanical motion detectors an effective tool for detecting and alerting to any unauthorized movement or activity in a given area.

The mid frequency unit used in the acoustical design of theaters is 500 Hz. This frequency range is important for creating balanced sound and ensuring clear dialogue and music reproduction in a theater setting. It falls within the mid-range frequencies where most human speech and musical instruments are centered, making it a crucial frequency to consider in theater acoustics.

The maximum developed length of the trap arm of a water closet or similar fixture should not exceed 1.8 meters. This limit is set to ensure proper drainage and prevent clogs or blockages in the plumbing system. If the trap arm is too long, it may not have enough slope to allow waste and water to flow freely, leading to potential issues with the fixture's function. Therefore, it is important to adhere to this maximum length requirement to maintain the proper functioning of the plumbing system.

An induction unit is a terminal unit that draws in room air through a filter and passes it over coils that are either heated or chilled by secondary water from a boiler or chilled water plant. This process helps to regulate the temperature of the air in the room. Therefore, the correct answer is c. induction unit.

The correct answer is "a. impact insulation class". Impact insulation class is a single number rating that measures the performance of a building material or construction assembly in preventing the transmission of airborne sound. It is derived by comparing the laboratory TL (transmission loss) test curve for the material or assembly to a standard frequency curve. This rating specifically focuses on the material's ability to reduce the impact noise caused by footsteps, dropped objects, or other physical impacts.

The minimum size of the trap of a bidet is not specified in the given options. Therefore, none of the above options are the correct answer.