Building Construction (Finishes - Stone)

Limestone is classified as a sedimentary rock because it is formed from the accumulation and compaction of organic remains, such as shells and coral, as well as inorganic sediment particles, such as sand and clay, over millions of years. Sedimentary rocks are formed at or near the Earth's surface through the processes of weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification. Limestone is commonly found in marine environments and is composed mainly of the mineral calcite. It is often used as a building material and in the production of cement.

The process of achieving a highly reflective glossy finish is called polishing. It involves using increasingly fine materials to polish the surface, resulting in a smooth and shiny appearance.

Brownstone is the correct answer because it is a reddish brown sandstone that is commonly quarried and used as a building material. It is known for its distinctive color and is often used in the construction of buildings, particularly in urban areas. Brownstone has been a popular choice for architectural purposes due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.

Igneous rocks are formed through the crystallization of molten magma. When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks. These rocks are typically formed in volcanic areas or when magma intrudes into the Earth's crust. Igneous rocks can have a variety of textures and compositions depending on the rate of cooling and the mineral content of the magma. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and obsidian.

Metamorphic rock refers to a class of rock that has been transformed in structure or composition due to natural forces such as heat and pressure. This process, known as metamorphism, occurs deep within the Earth's crust and results in the formation of new minerals and textures. The original rock, known as the protolith, undergoes recrystallization and reorganization, leading to the creation of metamorphic rock. This type of rock can exhibit a wide range of characteristics, including foliation, banding, and the presence of minerals such as quartz, mica, and garnet.

A smooth satin finish is achieved by stopping the polishing process early. This means that the surface is not fully polished or buffed, resulting in a more matte and less reflective appearance. Honed finishes are popular for natural stone surfaces like marble or granite, as they give a softer and more understated look compared to a high-gloss polished finish. The honed surface still feels smooth to the touch, but it has a subtle sheen and a more natural, organic look.

Granite is the correct answer because it is known for being hard, dense, and extremely resistant to scratching and etching. It is also difficult to stain but comes in a variety of colors. These characteristics make it a popular choice for flooring, countertops, and tabletops.

Sandstone is made from quartz and silica. Silica is a mineral compound that is the main component of sand and is also found in quartz. It is a hard, crystalline material that gives sandstone its strength and durability. When quartz and silica are combined, they form the grains that make up sandstone. Therefore, silica is an essential ingredient in the formation of sandstone.

The rough finish mentioned in the question is achieved by a process called "flaming." This involves heating up the stone to a high temperature and then rapidly cooling it. The term "thermal" is also mentioned in the question, but it does not specifically refer to the process of achieving the rough finish. Therefore, the correct answer is "flamed."

Malachite is a green to nearly black igneous mineral that is composed of copper carbonate. It is commonly used as a highly polished veneer and for making ornamental articles. This explanation provides a clear and concise description of malachite and its uses without explicitly stating that it is the correct answer.

Dimension stone refers to natural quarried stone that has been cut to a specified shape, size, and thickness. It is a term used in the construction industry to describe stone that is used for architectural and decorative purposes, such as building facades, countertops, and flooring. The process of cutting and shaping the stone ensures that it meets the required dimensions and specifications for its intended use. Dimension stone is valued for its durability, aesthetic appeal, and ability to enhance the overall design of a building or space.

Travertine is a type of limestone that is more compact and often has a banded appearance. It is formed by the deposition of minerals from spring waters. In the building trade, it is commonly sold as marble.

The typical size of a dimension stone tile is 6 to 36 square inches. This means that the tile can have a length and width ranging from 6 inches to 36 inches, resulting in a square footage of 6 to 36 square inches. This range allows for flexibility in choosing the appropriate size of dimension stone tile for various applications, such as flooring or wall cladding.

Shot sawn refers to a stone finish that is achieved by using a slurry of water and hardened steel pellets during the sawing process. This technique creates a pebbled or rippled texture on the surface of the stone. It is different from other finishes like chat sawn, quarry faced, or boasted surface, as it specifically involves the use of steel pellets to achieve the desired texture.

The standard thickness of a dimension stone tile is 3/4" or 19 mm.