B.Sc. Ty Envi.Science Home Assignment-II Hjpm Hnagar

Public consultation is a critical part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. In some central American countries, this requirement is mandated by legislation. Public consultation allows for the involvement of stakeholders and the general public in the decision-making process, ensuring transparency and accountability. It provides an opportunity for people to voice their concerns, provide feedback, and contribute to the decision-making process regarding proposed projects that may have significant environmental impacts. Therefore, the statement that public consultation is mandated by legislation in some central American countries is true.

The given answer is true because the project proponent is responsible for conducting the screening process of their project. This involves assessing the project based on a set of criteria that is determined by a designated agency. Therefore, the project proponent carries out the screening process.

Geostationary satellites are placed in orbit at an altitude of approximately 36,000 km from the Earth's surface. This altitude allows the satellite to have an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotation period, resulting in the satellite appearing stationary when observed from the ground. This distance is ideal for communication purposes as it allows for a consistent and uninterrupted line of sight between the satellite and ground stations.

The statement is true because impact assessment is indeed done for planned projects and the identified alternatives. Impact assessment involves evaluating the potential effects and consequences of a project on various aspects such as the environment, society, economy, and stakeholders. This assessment helps in identifying the potential risks, benefits, and trade-offs associated with different alternatives and assists in making informed decisions about the project.

The given statement is true. More than 100 countries have legislation on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIA is a process that helps in identifying and evaluating the potential environmental impacts of proposed projects or policies. It is a widely recognized tool for sustainable development and ensuring that development activities do not harm the environment. The fact that over 100 countries have legislation on EIA indicates the global recognition and importance given to assessing and mitigating environmental impacts before undertaking any significant project or policy.

Remote sensing techniques rely on the properties of electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected, or diffracted by the sensed objects. These waves, which include radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays, can be detected and measured by remote sensing devices. By analyzing the characteristics of these waves, such as their intensity, wavelength, and polarization, remote sensing allows scientists to gather information about the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and oceans without direct physical contact. This enables the monitoring and study of various phenomena, such as weather patterns, land use changes, and natural disasters.

Impact management plans are often compulsory because they help organizations identify and assess the potential impacts of their activities on the environment, society, and economy. These plans are used to set goals, implement strategies, and monitor progress towards achieving positive impacts and minimizing negative ones. Many regulatory bodies and government agencies require organizations to develop and implement impact management plans as part of their compliance obligations. Additionally, impact management plans are increasingly seen as a best practice for responsible and sustainable business operations. Therefore, it can be concluded that impact management plans are often compulsory.

The correct answer is "A process of identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a proposed project." This definition accurately describes the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). It involves a systematic process of studying and assessing the potential environmental, social, and cultural impacts that a proposed project may have. By identifying and evaluating these impacts, decision-makers can make informed choices and take necessary measures to mitigate any negative effects and promote sustainable development.

The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced when it passes through that medium. Salinity refers to the concentration of salt in water. As the salinity of ocean water increases, the refractive index also increases. This is because the presence of salt particles in the water increases the density of the medium, causing light to slow down more when passing through it. Therefore, the refractive index of ocean water increases with salinity.

Community garden development does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) because it typically involves small-scale and low-impact activities. Unlike dams and reservoirs, industrial plants, and irrigation, drainage, and flood control projects, community garden development does not have significant environmental or social impacts that would necessitate an EIA.

The correct answer is SIA- Strategic Impact Assessment. This is because SIA is not a type of assessment similar to EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). SEA (Strategic Environmental Assessment) and IEA (Integrated Environmental Assessment) are both similar to EIA as they also assess the environmental impacts of proposed policies, plans, and programs. However, SIA focuses on assessing the social and economic impacts of these proposals, rather than the environmental impacts.

Albedo is the correct answer for this question. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a planetary body, indicating the ratio of the total solar radiant energy that is reflected back to space compared to the total radiant energy incident on the body. It is often expressed as a percentage or a decimal value between 0 and 1, where a higher albedo indicates a greater reflectivity. Albedo plays a significant role in determining the temperature and climate of a planet, as it affects the amount of solar energy absorbed or reflected by the surface.

The EIA Report is not compiled by the designated government agency.

The correct answer is "All of these." This means that all the options mentioned in the question are essential in an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). An EIA allows decision makers to assess a project's impacts in all its phases, it allows the public and other stakeholders to present their views and inputs on the planned development, and it contributes to and improves the project design by incorporating environmental and socioeconomic measures. Therefore, all of these aspects are necessary for a comprehensive and effective EIA process.

The project's implementer carries out the data collection for monitoring indicators. This is because the implementer is responsible for executing the project and ensuring its successful implementation. As part of this role, they would also be responsible for collecting data on the indicators that need to be monitored to measure the project's progress and impact.

The One-off Impact Assessment Matrix is the only option that is not an example of an approach to impact assessment. Expert judgment, quantitative, physical and mathematical models, and social impact assessment are all commonly used methods for assessing the impact of a project or action. The One-off Impact Assessment Matrix, on the other hand, is not a recognized approach to impact assessment and may refer to a specific tool or method that is not widely used or accepted in the field.

The given answer states that none of the statements regarding electromagnetic radiation are incorrect. This means that all of the statements provided are correct. The first statement is true as electromagnetic radiation is produced by the motion of electric charge. The second statement is also true as the oscillation of charged particles does set up changing electric fields. The third statement is also true as the changing electric fields do induce changing magnetic fields in the surrounding medium. Therefore, none of the statements are incorrect.

All of these statements are correct. Radiant energy is indeed expressed in joules and is associated with electromagnetic radiation. The rate of transfer of radiant energy is called flux and is expressed in watts. The radiant energy that falls upon a surface is termed as irradiance. Therefore, all three statements are true.

The correct statement is that spatial resolution of the imaging system becomes poorer with an increase in platform height. This means that as the observation platform moves higher, the ability of the imaging system to capture fine details and distinguish between objects decreases. This is because the distance between the platform and the objects being observed increases, leading to a decrease in the level of detail that can be resolved by the imaging system.

The given answer is "To assess the quality of the project design". This is not a step of "screening" in EIA. Screening in EIA is the initial process of determining whether a full Environmental Impact Assessment is required for a proposed project. It involves evaluating the potential impacts of the project and deciding if further assessment is necessary. Assessing the quality of the project design is typically done in later stages of the EIA process, such as during the scoping or impact assessment phases.