BSC 2085 Skeletal System Final Quiz3

The term "arthro" is derived from the Greek word "arthron" which means joint. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "joint".

A bone which has an epiphysis at each end is called a long bone. Long bones are characterized by their elongated shape and have a shaft (diaphysis) with epiphyses at both ends. These bones provide support, mobility, and protection to the body. Examples of long bones include the femur, humerus, and tibia.

Osteoblasts are bone cells responsible for the formation of new bone tissue. They play a crucial role in the process of ossification, which is the conversion of cartilage into bone. Osteoblasts secrete a matrix of collagen and other proteins that mineralize and harden to form new bone. This process is essential for bone growth, repair, and remodeling.

The lacrimal bone contains a duct called the lacrimal duct, which is responsible for draining tears from the eyelids to the nasal cavity. This bone is located near the inner corner of the eye and helps to regulate the flow of tears, ensuring that they are properly drained and do not overflow onto the face.

The frontal bone is a cranial bone because it forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets. It also contributes to the structure of the cranium, protecting the brain. The mandible, zygomatic, and maxilla bones are facial bones, not cranial bones. The mandible forms the lower jaw, the zygomatic forms part of the cheekbone, and the maxilla forms the upper jaw and the central part of the face. Therefore, the correct answer is frontal.

The diaphysis and the epiphysis are separated by the epiphyseal plate. This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows for the growth of long bones. It is responsible for the lengthening of the bone during childhood and adolescence. As a person grows, the epiphyseal plate gradually ossifies and is replaced by bone tissue, which results in the cessation of bone growth.

The epiphyseal plate is a cartilaginous growth plate located at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It is responsible for longitudinal bone growth, allowing bones to increase in length. As the cartilage cells in the plate divide and mature, new bone tissue is formed, leading to bone growth. Once growth is complete, the epiphyseal plate ossifies and becomes the epiphyseal line. Therefore, the function of the epiphyseal plate is growth in length.

The statement is false because the patella is not an example of a fontanelle. A fontanelle is a soft spot on a baby's skull where the bones have not yet fully fused together. The patella, on the other hand, is a small bone located in front of the knee joint. It is commonly known as the kneecap and is not related to fontanelles in any way.

The mandible is the only movable bone of the skull. It is commonly known as the jawbone and is connected to the rest of the skull by a joint called the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This bone allows for the opening and closing of the mouth, as well as the movement required for chewing, speaking, and various facial expressions. The maxilla, occipital, and temporal bones are all part of the skull but are not movable like the mandible.

Metacarpal I is located proximal to the thumb. This means that it is closer to the thumb compared to the other options listed. The metacarpals are the bones in the hand that connect the wrist to the fingers. Metacarpal I specifically refers to the bone that is connected to the thumb.

The deltoid tuberosity is a bony prominence located on the humerus, which is the bone of the upper arm. It serves as an attachment site for the deltoid muscle, which is responsible for the movement and stability of the shoulder joint. The presence of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus allows for the efficient transmission of forces generated by the deltoid muscle during arm movements.

The skeletal system is responsible for various functions in the body, including calcium storage, protection of vital organs, and facilitating movement. However, the synthesis of vitamin D is not a function of the skeletal system. Vitamin D synthesis primarily occurs in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. The skin converts a precursor molecule into vitamin D with the help of UV radiation. Therefore, the synthesis of vitamin D is not directly related to the skeletal system.

The correct answer is calcaneus. The calcaneus, also known as the heel bone, is the largest bone in the foot. It is located at the back of the foot and forms the heel. The calcaneus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and provides stability and support to the foot.

Bone cells are not called chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are actually cells found in cartilage, not bone. Bone cells are called osteocytes.

The elbow joint is classified as a hinge joint because it allows movement in only one plane, similar to the movement of a hinged door. The joint primarily allows flexion and extension, with a limited range of rotation. This type of joint is found in the elbow, allowing for the bending and straightening of the arm. The other options, symphysis, gliding joint, and ball and socket joint, do not accurately describe the type of movement and structure of the elbow joint.

The sternum is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It is composed of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the uppermost part of the sternum, while the body is the middle and longest part. The xiphoid process is the smallest and lowest part of the sternum. These three parts of the sternum provide support and protection to the chest, as well as serve as attachment points for ribs and muscles.

The correct answer is "on the lateral side of the foot." The metatarsal V refers to the fifth metatarsal bone, which is located on the lateral side of the foot. The foot has five metatarsal bones, and the fifth metatarsal bone is the one farthest from the midline of the body, hence it is situated on the lateral side of the foot.

The parietal bone is not a cartilaginous bone. It is a flat bone that forms part of the skull, specifically the sides and roof of the cranium. Cartilaginous bones, on the other hand, are bones that start off as cartilage and then ossify over time. Examples of cartilaginous bones include the femur, radius, and sternum.

A foramen is an opening through a bone that allows blood vessels to pass. It is a small hole or opening that provides a pathway for blood vessels to supply the bone with nutrients and oxygen. The other options, frontanel, sinus, and fossa, do not specifically refer to openings through a bone for blood vessels.

The coccyx is indeed all of these. It is inferior to the sacrum, meaning it is located below it in the vertebral column. It is commonly referred to as the tail bone, as it is the final segment of the vertebral column and resembles a small tail. Therefore, it is a part of the vertebral column and serves as a fused structure consisting of several small vertebrae.

The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone. It is a U-shaped bone located in the neck, just above the larynx. It is unique because it is not directly attached to any other bone, but instead is suspended by ligaments and muscles. The hyoid bone plays an important role in supporting the tongue and aiding in swallowing and speech.

The occipital bone forms the posterior (back) part of the cranium. It is located at the lower back part of the skull and helps protect the brain and spinal cord. The occipital bone also contains the foramen magnum, which is the opening through which the spinal cord passes.

The maxilla is the correct answer because it is a bone that forms part of the hard palate. The hard palate is the bony structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities in the roof of the mouth. The maxilla is a paired bone that makes up the majority of the upper jaw and also contributes to the floor of the orbit and the nasal cavity. It plays a crucial role in supporting the teeth and providing structural stability to the face.

The parietal bone is not an irregular bone. Irregular bones have complex shapes and do not fit into any other bone category. The parietal bone, on the other hand, is a flat bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull. It is considered a flat bone because it is relatively thin and has a flat shape. Therefore, the parietal bone does not fit the definition of an irregular bone.

The wrist bones are referred to as carpals, and there are a total of 8 carpals in the human wrist. The carpals are small bones that are arranged in two rows of four bones each. They are located between the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and the metacarpals of the hand. These carpals provide stability and flexibility to the wrist joint, allowing for a wide range of movements.

As body temperature increases, the viscosity of synovial fluid decreases. This is because synovial fluid is a lubricating fluid found in the joints, and its viscosity refers to its thickness or resistance to flow. When the body temperature increases, it causes the synovial fluid to become less viscous, meaning it becomes thinner and flows more easily. This decrease in viscosity helps to maintain smooth joint movement and reduce friction between the joint surfaces.

Ribs are not considered long bones because they are flat and curved in shape, rather than long and cylindrical like other long bones. Long bones, such as the femur, phalanges, and ulna, are characterized by their elongated structure and are typically found in the arms, legs, and fingers. Ribs, on the other hand, are flat bones that form the protective structure of the rib cage.

The maxilla, which is the upper jawbone, does indeed articulate with the frontal bone. This articulation forms part of the skull's bony structure and helps to provide stability and support to the face. The maxilla's connection with the frontal bone is important for various functions, including chewing and speaking.

The sella turcica is a part of the sphenoid bone. It is a bony structure located in the middle cranial fossa of the skull. The sella turcica houses the pituitary gland and is shaped like a saddle, hence its name. The sphenoid bone is a complex bone that forms part of the base of the skull and also contributes to the sides of the skull and the orbits. It is important for providing structural support and protection to various structures in the head and face.

The pubic symphysis is the structure located where the two pubic bones join anteriorly. It is a cartilaginous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones, providing stability and allowing limited movement during activities such as walking or childbirth. The obturator foramen is a different structure, located in the hip bone, which is not related to the pubic symphysis. The iliac crest is the upper curved edge of the hip bone, and the sacroiliac joint is the joint connecting the sacrum and ilium bones in the pelvis.

The correct answer is "both". The prefix "amphi" in Greek means "both" or "on both sides". This suggests that the term "amphi" can refer to both a frog and water, indicating that it has a dual nature or association with both entities.

The palatine bones are L shaped and make up the posterior portion of the hard palate. They are located towards the back of the mouth and help form the roof of the oral cavity. The lacrimal bones are located in the eye sockets and are involved in the formation of the tear ducts. The maxillae bones are the upper jaw bones and are responsible for supporting the teeth and forming the structure of the face. The nasal bones are located in the nose and contribute to the shape and structure of the nasal cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is palatine.

The talus is a short bone because it is one of the tarsal bones found in the ankle joint. Short bones are typically cube-shaped and provide stability and support to the body. In this case, the talus plays a crucial role in connecting the leg bones to the foot bones and allowing for movement and flexibility in the ankle joint.

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones to form the coronal suture. The coronal suture is a fibrous joint that connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones in the skull. It runs transversely from one side of the skull to the other and separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones. This suture allows for slight movement between the bones and helps to distribute forces and protect the brain.

In a fibrous joint, the amount of movement depends on the length of the fibers. This means that the range of motion in the joint is determined by the length and flexibility of the connecting fibers. If the fibers are short and rigid, the joint will have limited movement. On the other hand, if the fibers are long and flexible, the joint will have a greater range of motion. Therefore, the length of the fibers plays a crucial role in determining the amount of movement in a fibrous joint.

The endosteum lines the marrow cavity. The marrow cavity is the central cavity of long bones where bone marrow is located. The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines this cavity and provides support to the bone tissue. It contains osteoprogenitor cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling and repair. The periosteum is a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones, while red and yellow marrow are types of bone marrow found within the marrow cavity.

The distal end of the fibula articulates with the talus. The talus is one of the bones in the foot and it forms the lower part of the ankle joint. It is located between the tibia and the calcaneus (heel bone). The fibula, which is the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, forms a joint with the tibia at the top and with the talus at the bottom. This joint allows for movement and stability in the ankle joint. Therefore, the correct answer is talus.

The pectoral girdle is not a part of the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and the hyoid bone. The pectoral girdle, on the other hand, is a part of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.

The sacrum is actually a fusion of five vertebrae. It is a triangular bone located at the base of the spine, between the two hip bones. The fusion of these vertebrae forms a strong and stable structure that supports the weight of the upper body and transfers it to the pelvis. The sacrum also provides attachment points for various muscles and ligaments, contributing to the stability and movement of the pelvis.

The cribriform plate is a part of the ethmoid bone. It is a thin, sieve-like structure located in the roof of the nasal cavity. The ethmoid bone is a complex bone located between the eyes and forms part of the nasal septum, nasal cavity, and eye sockets. The cribriform plate contains small perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass, allowing for the sense of smell.

The foramen magnum is a part of the occipital bone. It is a large opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes. The occipital bone forms the back and base of the skull, and the foramen magnum is located in the lower part of the occipital bone. It serves as a passageway for the spinal cord to connect with the brain, allowing for the transmission of nerve signals between the two.

The saggital suture is found between the two parietal bones. This suture runs along the midline of the skull, separating the parietal bones and extending from the anterior fontanelle to the posterior fontanelle. It is a dense, fibrous joint that allows for minimal movement between the parietal bones, providing stability and protection for the brain.

The superior portion of the nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. The nasal septum is a structure that divides the nasal cavity into two sides. The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is a thin, flat bone that extends vertically in the midline of the nasal cavity. It forms the superior part of the nasal septum and helps to separate the left and right sides of the nasal cavity. The vomer, palatine processes of the maxilla, and frontal processes of the maxilla are not involved in forming the superior portion of the nasal septum.

The fibula lies lateral to the tibia. Lateral refers to the side away from the midline of the body. In this case, it means that the fibula is positioned on the outer side of the leg, away from the center of the body, while the tibia is located on the inner side.

The squamosal area is a part of the temporal bone. The temporal bone is located on the side of the skull and forms part of the cranial floor. It consists of several parts, including the squamous part, which is the largest and most superior portion. The squamosal area is important because it provides attachment sites for various muscles, including the temporalis muscle, which is responsible for closing the jaw. Additionally, the squamosal area houses the zygomatic process, which forms part of the zygomatic arch, or cheekbone.

Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the blood. Therefore, the statement that calcitonin removes calcium from the blood and adds it to the bone tissue is correct.

The correct answer is "all of these." Vertebrochondral ribs refer to ribs number 8, 9, and 10, which are also known as false ribs. These ribs end in cartilage that attaches to the rib above. Therefore, all of these statements are true.

The term "vertebrosternal" best describes a rib that attaches directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilage. This term combines the words "vertebro" (related to the vertebrae) and "sternal" (related to the sternum), indicating the connection between the rib and the sternum through the costal cartilage. The other options, "vertebrochondral" and "floating," do not accurately describe this specific type of rib attachment. "Vertebral" refers to the vertebrae, but does not specify the connection to the sternum.

The marrow cavity is located in the diaphyses of long bones. The diaphysis is the shaft or the main part of a long bone, while the epiphyses are the ends of the bone. The marrow cavity is the central hollow space within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow. Therefore, the correct answer is that the marrow cavity is located in the diaphyses of long bones.

Diathrosis is another term for a moveable joint. This type of joint allows for a wide range of movement and is found in many areas of the body, such as the shoulder and hip joints. The other options, gomphosis, synathrosis, and amphiarthrosis, refer to different types of joints that have limited or no movement.