Take The Nursing Practice Exam Test Quiz

1. Continued forceful coughing may cause chest and abdominal muscles to ache.

True

False

Continued forceful coughing can indeed cause chest and abdominal muscles to ache. When we cough forcefully, it puts a strain on these muscles as they contract and expand rapidly. This repetitive motion can lead to muscle soreness and discomfort in the chest and abdominal area. Therefore, the statement "Continued forceful coughing may cause chest and abdominal muscles to ache" is true.

Explanation

Continued forceful coughing can indeed cause chest and abdominal muscles to ache. When we cough forcefully, it puts a strain on these muscles as they contract and expand rapidly. This repetitive motion can lead to muscle soreness and discomfort in the chest and abdominal area. Therefore, the statement "Continued forceful coughing may cause chest and abdominal muscles to ache" is true.

2. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis

True

False

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis because the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke irritate and inflame the airways, leading to the production of excess mucus and narrowing of the air passages. This chronic inflammation and mucus buildup can result in a persistent cough, difficulty breathing, and other symptoms characteristic of chronic bronchitis. Quitting smoking is crucial in preventing and managing this condition.

Explanation

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis because the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke irritate and inflame the airways, leading to the production of excess mucus and narrowing of the air passages. This chronic inflammation and mucus buildup can result in a persistent cough, difficulty breathing, and other symptoms characteristic of chronic bronchitis. Quitting smoking is crucial in preventing and managing this condition.

3. Which of the following statements are true about chronic bronchitis?

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition

Cigarette smoke, including long-term exposure to second-hand smoke, is the main cause of chronic bronchitis

It requires regular medical treatment

All of the above

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition that is caused mainly by cigarette smoke, including long-term exposure to second-hand smoke. It requires regular medical treatment to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.

Explanation

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition that is caused mainly by cigarette smoke, including long-term exposure to second-hand smoke. It requires regular medical treatment to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.

4. A 62-year-old male client was in a motor vehicle accident as an unrestrained driver. He's now in the emergency department complaining of difficulty of breathing and chest pain. On auscultation of his lung field, no breath sounds are present in the upper lobe. This client may have which of the following conditions?

Bronchitis

Pneumonia

Pneumothorax

Tuberculosis (TB)

From the trauma the client experienced, it’s unlikely he has bronchitis, pneumonia, or TB; rhonchi with bronchitis, bronchial breath sounds with TB would be heard.

Explanation

From the trauma the client experienced, it’s unlikely he has bronchitis, pneumonia, or TB; rhonchi with bronchitis, bronchial breath sounds with TB would be heard.

5. Nurse Eve formulates a nursing diagnosis of Activity intolerance related to inadequate oxygenation and dyspnea for a client with chronic bronchitis. To minimize this problem, the nurse instructs the client to avoid conditions that increase oxygen demands. Such conditions include:

Drinking more than 1,500 ml of fluid daily.

Being overweight.

Eating a high-protein snack at bedtime.

Eating more than three large meals a day.

Conditions that increase oxygen demands include obesity, smoking, exposure to temperature extremes, and stress. A client with chronic bronchitis should drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid daily to thin mucus secretions; restricting fluid intake may be harmful. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a high-protein snack at bedtime because protein digestion produces an amino acid with sedating effects that may ease the insomnia associated with chronic bronchitis. Eating more than three large meals a day may cause fullness, making breathing uncomfortable and difficult; however, it doesn’t increase oxygen demands. To help maintain adequate nutritional intake, the client with chronic bronchitis should eat small, frequent meals (up to six a day).

Explanation

Conditions that increase oxygen demands include obesity, smoking, exposure to temperature extremes, and stress. A client with chronic bronchitis should drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid daily to thin mucus secretions; restricting fluid intake may be harmful. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a high-protein snack at bedtime because protein digestion produces an amino acid with sedating effects that may ease the insomnia associated with chronic bronchitis. Eating more than three large meals a day may cause fullness, making breathing uncomfortable and difficult; however, it doesn’t increase oxygen demands. To help maintain adequate nutritional intake, the client with chronic bronchitis should eat small, frequent meals (up to six a day).

6. Which of the following statements describe cough that is the most common symptom of bronchitis?

The cough may be dry or may produce phlegm

The cough may hang on more than 2 weeks

Cough can be severe enough at times to injure the chest wall

All of the above

The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough, which can be either dry or produce phlegm. This cough can persist for more than 2 weeks and can be severe enough to cause injury to the chest wall. Therefore, all of the given statements accurately describe the cough that is commonly associated with bronchitis.

Explanation

The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough, which can be either dry or produce phlegm. This cough can persist for more than 2 weeks and can be severe enough to cause injury to the chest wall. Therefore, all of the given statements accurately describe the cough that is commonly associated with bronchitis.

7. Which of the following statements are true about acute bronchitis?

Acute bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection

Smokers and people with heart or lung disease at a higher risk of contracting the disease

It affects nose, sinuses, and throat and then spreads to the lungs

All of the above

Acute bronchitis is a condition that is commonly caused by a viral respiratory infection, making the first statement true. Smokers and individuals with heart or lung disease are more susceptible to contracting acute bronchitis, supporting the second statement. Acute bronchitis initially affects the nose, sinuses, and throat, and can then spread to the lungs, confirming the third statement. Therefore, all of the above statements are true about acute bronchitis.

Explanation

Acute bronchitis is a condition that is commonly caused by a viral respiratory infection, making the first statement true. Smokers and individuals with heart or lung disease are more susceptible to contracting acute bronchitis, supporting the second statement. Acute bronchitis initially affects the nose, sinuses, and throat, and can then spread to the lungs, confirming the third statement. Therefore, all of the above statements are true about acute bronchitis.

8. The nurse in charge formulates a nursing diagnosis of Activity intolerance related to inadequate oxygenation and dyspnea for a client with chronic bronchitis. To minimize this problem, the nurse instructs the client to avoid conditions that increase oxygen demands. Such conditions include:

Drinking more than 1,500 ml of fluid daily.

Being overweight.

Eating a high-protein snack at bedtime.

Eating more than three large meals a day.

Conditions that increase oxygen demands include obesity, smoking, exposure to temperature extremes, and stress. A client with chronic bronchitis should drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid daily to thin mucus secretions; restricting fluid intake may be harmful. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a high-protein snack at bedtime because protein digestion produces an amino acid with sedating effects that may ease the insomnia associated with chronic bronchitis. Eating more than three large meals a day may cause fullness, making breathing uncomfortable and difficult; however, it doesn’t increase oxygen demands. To help maintain adequate nutritional intake, the client with chronic bronchitis should eat small, frequent meals (up to six a day).

Explanation

Conditions that increase oxygen demands include obesity, smoking, exposure to temperature extremes, and stress. A client with chronic bronchitis should drink at least 2,000 ml of fluid daily to thin mucus secretions; restricting fluid intake may be harmful. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a high-protein snack at bedtime because protein digestion produces an amino acid with sedating effects that may ease the insomnia associated with chronic bronchitis. Eating more than three large meals a day may cause fullness, making breathing uncomfortable and difficult; however, it doesn’t increase oxygen demands. To help maintain adequate nutritional intake, the client with chronic bronchitis should eat small, frequent meals (up to six a day).

9. What are some of the initial symptoms of bronchitis?

Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity

Fatigue, fever with chills and chest discomfort

Cough that produces mucus

All of the above

The initial symptoms of bronchitis include shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity, fatigue, fever with chills and chest discomfort, as well as a cough that produces mucus. These symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with bronchitis.

Explanation

The initial symptoms of bronchitis include shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity, fatigue, fever with chills and chest discomfort, as well as a cough that produces mucus. These symptoms are commonly experienced by individuals with bronchitis.

10. The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old with chronic bronchitis. Upon the morning rounds, the nurse finds an O2 sat of 76%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Notify the physician

Recheck the O2 saturation level in 15 minutes

Apply oxygen by mask

Assess the child’s pulse

Remember the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) when answering this question. Before notifying the physician or assessing the pulse, oxygen should be applied to increase the oxygen saturation, so answers A and D are incorrect. The normal oxygen saturation for a child is 92%–100%, making answer B incorrect.

Explanation

Remember the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) when answering this question. Before notifying the physician or assessing the pulse, oxygen should be applied to increase the oxygen saturation, so answers A and D are incorrect. The normal oxygen saturation for a child is 92%–100%, making answer B incorrect.

11. What are the additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu)

Ankle, feet, and leg swelling

Blue-tinged lips from low levels of oxygen

All of the above

The additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu), ankle, feet, and leg swelling, and blue-tinged lips from low levels of oxygen.

Explanation

The additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu), ankle, feet, and leg swelling, and blue-tinged lips from low levels of oxygen.

12. The term "blue bloater" refers to a male client which of the following conditions?

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Asthma

Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Emphysema

Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they have large barrel chest and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds, and at times, circumoral cyanosis. Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath and frequently need intubation for mechanical ventilation and large amount of oxygen. Clients with asthma don’t exhibit characteristics of chronic disease, and clients with emphysema appear pink and cachectic.

Explanation

Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they have large barrel chest and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds, and at times, circumoral cyanosis. Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath and frequently need intubation for mechanical ventilation and large amount of oxygen. Clients with asthma don’t exhibit characteristics of chronic disease, and clients with emphysema appear pink and cachectic.

13. The term "pink puffer" refers to the female client with which of the following conditions?

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Asthma

Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Emphysema

Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe, clients with emphysema are usually cachectic. They’re pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence the term “puffer.” Clients with ARDS are usually acutely short of breath. Clients with asthma don’t have any particular characteristics, and clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.

Explanation

Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe, clients with emphysema are usually cachectic. They’re pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence the term “puffer.” Clients with ARDS are usually acutely short of breath. Clients with asthma don’t have any particular characteristics, and clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.

14. Johnny a firefighter was involved in extinguishing a house fire and is being treated to smoke inhalation. He develops severe hypoxia 48 hours after the incident, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. He most likely has developed which of the following conditions?

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Atelectasis

Bronchitis

Pneumonia

Severe hypoxia after smoke inhalation is typically related to ARDS. The other conditions listed aren’t typically associated with smoke inhalation and severe hypoxia.

Explanation

Severe hypoxia after smoke inhalation is typically related to ARDS. The other conditions listed aren’t typically associated with smoke inhalation and severe hypoxia.

15. A client with shortness of breath has decreased to absent breath sounds on the right side, from the apex to the base. Which of the following conditions would best explain this?

Acute asthma

Chronic bronchitis

Pneumonia

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when the client’s lung collapses, causing an acute decreased in the amount of functional lung used in oxygenation. The sudden collapse was the cause of his chest pain and shortness of breath. An asthma attack would show wheezing breath sounds, and bronchitis would have rhonchi. Pneumonia would have bronchial breath sounds over the area of consolidation.

Explanation

A spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when the client’s lung collapses, causing an acute decreased in the amount of functional lung used in oxygenation. The sudden collapse was the cause of his chest pain and shortness of breath. An asthma attack would show wheezing breath sounds, and bronchitis would have rhonchi. Pneumonia would have bronchial breath sounds over the area of consolidation.

16. A client with acute bronchitis is admitted in the hospital. The nurse assigned to the client is making a plan of care regarding expectoration of thick sputum. Which nursing action is most effective?

Place the client in a lateral position every 2 hour

Splint the patient’s chest with pillows when coughing

Use humified oxygen

Offer fluids at regular intervals

Fluids liquefy secretions and therefore make it easier to expectorate

Explanation

Fluids liquefy secretions and therefore make it easier to expectorate

17. The nurse is teaching a male client with chronic bronchitis about breathing exercises. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

Make inhalation longer than exhalation.

Exhale through an open mouth.

Use diaphragmatic breathing.

Use chest breathing.

In chronic bronchitis the diaphragm is flat and weak. Diaphragmatic breathing helps to strengthen the diaphragm and maximizes ventilation. Exhalation should be longer than inhalation to prevent collapse of the bronchioles. The client with chronic bronchitis should exhale through pursed lips to prolong exhalation, keep the bronchioles from collapsing, and prevent air trapping. Diaphragmatic breathing — not chest breathing — increases lung expansion.

Explanation

In chronic bronchitis the diaphragm is flat and weak. Diaphragmatic breathing helps to strengthen the diaphragm and maximizes ventilation. Exhalation should be longer than inhalation to prevent collapse of the bronchioles. The client with chronic bronchitis should exhale through pursed lips to prolong exhalation, keep the bronchioles from collapsing, and prevent air trapping. Diaphragmatic breathing — not chest breathing — increases lung expansion.

18. It is unusual to have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks even after acute bronchitis has cleared.

True

False

The statement is false because it is not unusual to have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks after acute bronchitis has cleared. This lingering cough is known as post-bronchitis cough and can last for several weeks or even months after the initial infection. It is a common symptom and does not indicate any ongoing infection or complication.

Explanation

The statement is false because it is not unusual to have a dry, nagging cough that lingers for several weeks after acute bronchitis has cleared. This lingering cough is known as post-bronchitis cough and can last for several weeks or even months after the initial infection. It is a common symptom and does not indicate any ongoing infection or complication.

19. A 67-year-old client develops acute shortness of breath and progressive hypoxia requiring right femur. The hypoxia was probably caused by which of the following conditions?

Asthma attack

Atelectasis

Bronchitis

Fat embolism

Long bone fractures are correlated with fat emboli, whichcause shortness of breath and hypoxia. It’s unlikely the client has developed asthma or bronchitis without a previous history. He could develop atelectasis but it typically doesn’t produce progressive hypoxia.

Explanation

Long bone fractures are correlated with fat emboli, whichcause shortness of breath and hypoxia. It’s unlikely the client has developed asthma or bronchitis without a previous history. He could develop atelectasis but it typically doesn’t produce progressive hypoxia.

20. Which is the most common symptom of bronchitis?

Shortness of breath worsened by exertion or mild activity

Wheezing, fatigue, fever and chest discomfort

Cough

All of the above

Cough is the most common symptom of bronchitis. It is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which causes the airways to become irritated and produce excessive mucus. This leads to a persistent cough that may be accompanied by phlegm or mucus production. Other symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, fever, and chest discomfort may also be present, but cough is the primary and most common symptom of bronchitis.

Explanation

Cough is the most common symptom of bronchitis. It is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which causes the airways to become irritated and produce excessive mucus. This leads to a persistent cough that may be accompanied by phlegm or mucus production. Other symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, fever, and chest discomfort may also be present, but cough is the primary and most common symptom of bronchitis.