The Ideal Quiz On Broadcast Engineering

FM stands for frequency modulation. Frequency modulation is a method of encoding information onto a carrier wave by varying the frequency of the wave. It is commonly used in radio broadcasting to transmit audio signals. This acronym is widely recognized and used in the field of telecommunications and broadcasting.

When miking sporting events, sound pickups are required from various sources. Announcers provide commentary and analysis, which is an important aspect of the broadcast. The crowd creates an atmosphere and their reactions add to the overall experience. The action on the field or court produces sounds that capture the intensity and excitement of the game. Therefore, all of the mentioned sources - announcers, the crowd, and the action - are necessary for miking sporting events.

Line of sight propagation refers to the transmission of a signal that travels directly from the transmitter antenna to the receiver antenna without any obstacles or obstructions in between. This means that the signal does not bounce off any surfaces or get refracted by the ionosphere. It is a direct path communication where the transmitter and receiver antennas are within each other's line of sight.

The correct answer is Coaxial. Coaxial cables are commonly used in broadcasting to send signals from the broadcast amplifier to the transmission antenna. These cables have a central conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, a metallic shield, and an outer insulating layer. The design of coaxial cables allows for the efficient transmission of high-frequency signals with minimal interference.

Using hand operated 'booms' or 'fish pole' stands can pose two obstacles. Firstly, the operator's arms may tire from prolonged use, which can affect their ability to operate the equipment effectively. Secondly, there is a risk that the microphone may interfere with the camera view if it accidentally drops into the frame. These challenges can hinder the smooth operation and quality of the recording.

Guglielmo Marconi conducted the first radio transmission in the year 1895.

Heinrich Hertz is credited with the discovery of the existence of radio waves. He conducted experiments in the late 19th century that demonstrated the existence and properties of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves. His work laid the foundation for the development of wireless communication technologies. Thomas Edison, Ben Franklin, Guglielmo Marconi, and Albert Einstein are all notable scientists in their own right, but they are not credited with the discovery of radio waves.

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that can travel through air, non-conductive materials, and space. This allows radio to be used as a means of communication to convey information from one place to another. By being able to transmit through various mediums, radio serves its primary purpose of transmitting information effectively and efficiently, regardless of the physical barriers present. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above".

FM broadcasts are assigned radio frequencies between 88 MHz and 174 MHz by the FCC. This frequency range is commonly used for FM radio broadcasting because it provides a good balance between signal quality and coverage. Frequencies below 88 MHz are typically used for other purposes such as amateur radio or aircraft communications, while frequencies above 174 MHz are used for other types of radio communication such as television broadcasting or mobile phone networks.

A 'cart' is a term used in broadcast productions to refer to a type of audio storage medium. It can be used for various purposes such as storing and playing Public Service Announcements (P.S.A.'s), sound effects, and commercials. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as a cart can be used for all of these purposes.

Split-Channel mixers are used primarily for Radio and T.V. broadcasts. This type of mixer allows for separate control and adjustment of audio levels for different channels or sources. In radio and television broadcasting, there is often a need to mix and control multiple audio sources simultaneously, such as microphones, music, sound effects, and pre-recorded segments. Split-Channel mixers provide the flexibility to adjust each channel independently, ensuring a balanced and professional sound output for radio and television broadcasts.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that studies have shown that the first quarter of the hour typically has the largest listening audience. This could be because people tend to tune in to a radio station or start listening to a podcast at the beginning of the hour or at the top of the hour. It is also possible that people are more likely to switch channels or stop listening after the first quarter of the hour, leading to a decrease in the audience size in subsequent quarters.

At night, AM transmissions can be received from great distances because the dissipation of the 'D' layer of the ionosphere. The 'D' layer of the ionosphere absorbs or attenuates radio waves during the day, limiting the range of AM transmissions. However, at night, the 'D' layer dissipates, allowing AM radio waves to travel longer distances without being absorbed or attenuated. This phenomenon is known as skywave propagation, and it allows AM signals to bounce off the ionosphere and be received far away from the transmitter.

The sinking of the S.S. Titanic resulted in global acceptance of 24-hour mandatory use of radio for shipping communications. This tragic event highlighted the importance of effective communication and the need for constant monitoring of radio transmissions to ensure the safety of ships at sea. The lack of communication and delayed response during the Titanic disaster led to a significant loss of life, prompting the implementation of new regulations to prevent similar incidents in the future.

The optimum standing wave ratio is 1:1 because it represents a perfect match between the impedance of the transmission line and the load. In this scenario, there are no reflections or loss of power, resulting in maximum power transfer and efficient transmission. Any other standing wave ratio indicates a mismatch, leading to power loss and potential damage to the equipment.

The frequencies allocated by the FCC for commercial AM transmissions are in the range of 540Khz-1630Khz.

News is the correct answer because it is stated in the question that the largest amount of broadcasting air time is dedicated to something. Among the given options, news is the most likely to receive the largest amount of air time as it is a crucial aspect of broadcasting, providing current events and information to the audience. Sit-coms, dramas, sporting events, and commercials may also receive air time, but news is typically prioritized due to its importance in keeping the public informed.

Omnidirectional mics are used in field recordings for capturing ambiance because they can pick up sound from all directions, providing a more natural and immersive audio experience. They are also impervious to the proximity effect, which means they can be placed close to the sound source without any distortion or increase in bass frequencies. Additionally, omnidirectional mics are capable of capturing more than one source at a time, making them suitable for recording multiple sound sources simultaneously.

Sky-wave propagation refers to the transmission of radio waves in the atmosphere, allowing communication over long distances. The frequency in use is an important factor because different frequencies have different characteristics when it comes to sky-wave propagation. Higher frequencies tend to be absorbed by the ionosphere, limiting their range, while lower frequencies can travel longer distances. The level of ionization also plays a role as it affects the reflection and refraction of the radio waves in the ionosphere. So, both the frequency in use and the level of ionization are crucial factors in determining sky-wave propagation between two points.

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Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) is a form of radio transmission used in Morse Code. In PDM, the duration of each pulse represents a specific signal, such as a dot or a dash in Morse Code. This modulation technique is commonly used for transmitting digital signals, where the duration of each pulse is varied to encode the information being transmitted. AM, FM, PCS, and PCM are not applicable to Morse Code transmission.

The communication system used between principal production crew members and the talent is called IFB: Interruptable Foldback System. This system allows for real-time communication between the crew and talent by providing a two-way audio feed. It allows the crew to interrupt the talent's audio feed and provide instructions or cues without the audience hearing. This system is commonly used in live broadcasts, such as television shows or live events, to ensure smooth communication between the crew and talent.

Lavaliere mics are used widely in TV broadcasting because they are small and nonintrusive to the video camera's view.

XM and Sirius use S-DARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service) transmission systems. S-DARS is a type of digital radio broadcasting that uses satellites to transmit audio signals to receivers. This technology allows for a wide range of channels and high-quality sound, making it ideal for satellite radio services like XM and Sirius.

Satellite transmissions work on a PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) signal. PCM is a method used to digitally represent analog signals. It converts the analog signal into a digital format by sampling the signal at regular intervals and then quantizing and encoding the samples. This digital signal can then be transmitted via satellite and decoded back into an analog signal at the receiving end. PCM is commonly used in satellite communication systems due to its ability to accurately transmit and reproduce high-quality audio and video signals.

The process of temporarily lowering the volume of a recording in order to speak over it is commonly referred to as a "donut." This term is derived from the shape of a donut, where the center represents the lowered volume and the outer ring represents the normal volume. This technique is often used in audio production to ensure that the spoken words are clearly heard without completely muting the background sound.

DARS broadcast systems use hybrid transmitters known as IBOC Systems. IBOC stands for In-Band On-Channel, which is a digital radio broadcasting technology that allows stations to transmit both analog and digital signals simultaneously. This technology provides improved audio quality and additional services such as multicasting and datacasting. It is commonly used in digital radio systems to enhance the broadcasting capabilities and provide a better listening experience for the audience.

VSWR stands for Voltage Standing Wave Ratio and it is a measure of the impedance mismatch between the transmission line and its load. The VSWR value indicates the efficiency of power transfer between the two components. A high VSWR indicates a large impedance mismatch, which can result in power loss and signal reflections. Therefore, the correct answer is that VSWR is a measure of the impedance mismatch between the transmission line and its load.

A downward 45 degree angle of a D.J.'s vocal mic is used to help reduce plosives. Plosives are sounds that occur when certain consonants are pronounced and they can cause a sudden burst of air that can create distortion or popping sounds in the microphone. By angling the microphone downward, the burst of air from plosives is directed away from the microphone, reducing the impact of these sounds and improving the overall sound quality.

The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that contains charged particles, allowing it to reflect radio waves back to Earth. The highest frequency at which this reflection occurs is determined by the characteristics of the ionosphere, such as the density of charged particles and the temperature. Since the ionosphere exists in air, is affected by non-conductive materials, and extends into space, all of these factors can influence the highest frequency at which radio waves are bent back to Earth. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."