Blood (Circulatory System)

1. Inappropriate use of erythropoietin by athletes may cause cardiac and vascular abnormalities as a result of increased blood viscosity.

True

False

2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn does not affect the first-born child because the Rh^-mother has not had a chance to build up anti-Rh antibodies to the newborn's Rh⁺ blood.

True

False

3. What is the volume of blood in an average adult male?

5 to 6 gallons

5 to 6 liters

5 to 6 quarts

A little less than 1 gallon

4. The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:

Hematocritation

Hemopoiesis

Albumin genesis

Immunology

None of the above

5. The substance that stimulates formation of platelets is:

Antibodies

Thrombopoietin

Cytokines

Immunoglobulins

Erythropoietin

6. Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

Albumins

Globulins

Fibrinogens

Prostaglandins

None of the above

7. Which of the following reduces blood loss?

Platelets

Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

Basophil

Erythrocyte

8. What blood group antibodies does a person with type O blood have in their plasma?

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-A and Anti-B

No blood group specific antibodies

Varies in different type O people

9. The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit the blood vessel is called

Hempoiesis

Emigration

Wandering

Adhesion

Phagocytosis

10. Most of the plasma proteins are synthesized in the

Liver

White blood cells

Bone marrow

Kidneys

Spleen

11. How much of blood plasma is water (approximately)?

95%

91%

88%

80%

50%

12. A hematocrit measures

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by WBC

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by platelets

Both A and B

All of the above

13. A megakaryoblast will develop into

Red blood cell

White blood cell

Platelet

Both b and c

Any of the above

14. Which of the following provides immune responses?

Platelet

Eosinophil

Lymphocyte

Basophil

Macrophage

15. Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?

Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive

Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative

Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative

Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.

16. What antigens does a person have on their RBC if their plasma has antibody A?

A

B

O

A and B

No antigens

17. A red blood cell's function is

Gas transport

Disease resistance

Blood cell proliferation

Cytokine stimulation

Nutrient transport

18. This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow

TPO

Follicle stimulating hormone

EPO

Human growth hormone

Calcitonin

19. A woman who is Rh negative and a man who is Rh positive had a child who was Rh negative. This means that the next child born to this couple will be at a high risk of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

True

False

20. Agranular leukocytes include

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Neutrophils

A and B

A,B, and C

21. Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

Thromboxane A2

Plasmin

Heparin

Fibrinogen

Protease

22. Increased numbers of _________ may occur in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases.

Basophils

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Lymphocytes

Neutropils

23. Which of the following statements is true?

Hypoxia increases the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Loss of the nucleus causes swelling of an erythrocyte

Normally, erythropoiesis outpaces the production of red blood cell destruction

A reticulocyte has a multilobed nucleus

Erythropoiesis is the production of white blood cells

24. Which are the most numerous white blood cells?

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Monocyte

25. Which of the following is a phagocyte?

Lymphocyte

Basophil

Mast cell

Macrophage

Platelet

26. The primary responsibility of this white blood cell is to destroy newly formed tumor cells.

Natural killer cells

Basophils

B-cells

Neutrophils

T-cells

27. Which of the following places events involved in blood clot formation following tissue trauma in the correct order?

Activation of Factor X; formation of fibrin; formation of thrombin; formation of prothrombinase; clot retraction

Activation of Factor X; formation of prothrombinase; formation of thrombin; formation of fibrin; clot retraction

Activation of Factor X; formation of thrombin; formation of prothrombinase; formation of fibrin; clot retraction

Formation of prothrombinase; activation of Factor X; formation of thrombin; formation of fibrin; clot retraction

Formation of prothrombinase; formation of thrombin; formation of fibrin; activation of Factor X; clot retraction

28. If your blood type is O negative, you will have in your plasma antibodies to A, B, and Rh antigens.

True

False

29. During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells differentiate into

Nitric oxide

Progenitor cells

Enzymes

Plasma proteins

Heme molecules

30. An immature red blood cell that lacks a nucleus is called a

Precursor cell

Cytokine

Interleukin

Reticulocyte

Proerythroblast

31. Which of the following is not an agranular leukocyte?

Monocytes

Macrophage

Lymphocyte

Basophil

All of the above

32. A thrombus is:

A narrowing of the lumen of a vessel

A medicine used to treat heart attacks

An air bubble traveling in the blood stream

A collection of platelets and other cells on the endothelial surface

A substance that dissolves blood clots

33. Ferritin is used to

Transport iron

Synthesize iron

Digest iron

Store iron

Convert iron

34. Which of the following do mast cells not release?

Heparin

Histamine

Nitric oxide

Protease

All of the above

35. Once this is formed, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are identical.

Thromboplastin

Calcium

Prothrombinase

Fibrinogen

Fibrin

36. Stem cells obtained from cord blood may be preferred over those obtained from red bone marrow because

Stem cells are found in greater numbers in cord blood.

Fetal and neonatal lymphocytes found in cord blood are less likely to cause graft-versus-host disease.

Infections occur less frequently with stem cells derived from cord blood.

Stem cells from cord blood can be stored indefinitely.

All of the above are correct.

37. During the platelet release reaction, serotonin and ADP from the platelets activate nearby platelets while thromboxane A2 acts as a vasoconstrictor.

True

False

38. Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?

Myoglobin

Hemoglobin

Albumins

Fibrinogens

Globulins

39. This hormone causes the development of megakaryoblasts.

Erythropoietin

Human growth hormone

Nitric oxide

Heparin

Thrombopoietin

40. An increase in white blood cell count above normal levels is called:

Erythrocytosis

Emigration

Leukopenia

Erythropoiesis

Leukocytosis

41. After testing your blood in the lab, you found that your red cells agglutinated with both anti-A and anti-B antisera. This means that you

Have A and B antigens on your RBC.

Have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in your plasma.

Are AB positive.

Choices A and B are correct.

Choices A, B, and C are correct.

42. The enlargement of clot to the point where it could block blood flow in undamaged blood vessels is controlled by all of the following EXCEPT:

Positive feedback loop involving thrombin and factor V.

Inhibition of platelet adhesion and release by prostacyclin.

Availability of antithrombin and activated protein C.

Absorption of thrombin by fibrin in the clot.

Dispersal of clotting factors by blood flow.

43. Which of the following is not a factor in destroying attacking pathogens?

Emigration

The release of lysozymes

Erythropoiesis

Phagocytosis

Chemotaxis

44. Lysozyme, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and defensins are all part of the pathogen-destroying chemicals used by

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

45. Which of the following does NOT contain a nucleus while in the peripheral blood?

Erythrocytes

Thrombocytes

Megakaryocytes

A and B are correct.

A, B, and C are correct.

46. A hemopoietic growth factor:

Are lymphoid cells used in the immune system's defense mode

Are precursor cells

Is a hormone that regulates bone growth

Stimulates absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

Is a hormone that aids in proliferation of progenitor cells

47. Which of the following molecules is correctly matched with its description?

Transferrin: stores iron ions in the liver

Ferritin: transports iron ions in the bloodstream

Biliverdin: pigment derived from heme that is released by the liver into bile

Urobilinogen: end product of bacterial conversion of bilirubin in the large intestine

Stercobilin: yellow pigment excreted in the urine

48. An ABO mismatched blood transfusion can cause acute renal failure because the

Antibodies in the transfusion damage the cells in the kidney.

Antigens in the transfusion damage the cells in the kidney.

Agglutinated red cells get stuck in the capillaries of the kidneys.

Hemoglobin released from lysed RBC clogs the filtration membrane of the kidneys.

None of the above are correct.

49. Which of the following is not involved in platelet plug formation?

Platelets sticking to the walls of an injured vessel

Vasoconstriction due to serotonin release

Release of platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF)

The release of ADH to make the platelets bind to each other

All the above occur in platelet plug formation