Structural toxins, genetic exchange, gene expression Microbial colonization, infection, transmission
The bacterium produces an endotoxin that can act directly on bone marrow cells to induce neutrophil production
There is a chemokine called 1L-8 that is produce by cells called macrophages and this can recruit neutrophils
The patient's lymphocytes are stimulated to produce a substance called IL-6 that can recruit neutrophils
The patient's macrophages produce a substance called TNF-a that can induce neutrophils
A superantigen
An enterotoxin
An endotoxin
An exotoxin
Polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, lipid A, phospholipids, and proteins
Polymerized monomers of disaccharide and peptide
Oligosaccharide, lipid A, phospholipid, and protein
Polymerized amino acids folded with secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and proteins
The amino acid sequence of its tail fibers
The methylation pattern of its DNA
The frequency with which it can become a prophage
The DNA sequence of its promoter region
The G+C content of its genome
They are considered better able to adapt to new situations
They can carry out transduction
They can carry out transformation
They can carry out conjugation
Yes, due to transfer of the tra genes
Yes, due to transfer of the mob element
Yes, due to transfer of the Hfr locus
Maybe, if the tra genes are transferred
Maybe, if the mob element is transferred
No, because the tra genes are present on a plasmid not on the chromosome
Specialized transduction
Accidental transduction
Conjugation
Generalized transduction
Transformation
Degrading phage DNA
Replicating DNA
Transcribing genes
Secreting peptides
Translating genes
The gene encoding the collagenase, causing altered temperature stability
A negative regulator of the operon, causing it to always be active via a structural change
A positive regulator of the operon, causing it to have a decreased affinity for its recognition sequence
The ribosome binding site, allowing more efficient translation
A sensor kinase, causing it to always be active via a structural change
It has no envelope
The virus kills the cell it infects
It has a positive sense, single, strand of RNA
It can bind to ICAM-1 (CD54)
Staph. Aureus
Strep. Agalactiae
Staph. Epidermidis
Strep. pyogenes
Viridans group of streptococci
Winterbottom's sign
Nikolsky's sign
Osler’s nodes
Brudzinski's sign
Kernig sign
Bacterial endocarditts
Streptococcal pneumonia
Toxicity from injecting contaminated heroin
Bacterial meningitis
Osteomyelitis
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Spread to the proximal lymph nodes by infected antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages)
Spread by infected lymphocytes through lymphocyte recirculation
Spread by syncytia formation
Vertical spread from the mother to her foetus by macrophages
None of the above choices is an example of localized spread
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