Pharm Autonomics W Exp Part 2

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Attempts: 654

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There are different types of receptors in the human body, which respond to chemicals, temperature, pressure and light. Take up the quiz on pham autonomics W exp part two and get to identify which receptors the drugs are more likely to activate when administered to the patient. All the best and look out for part 3.

Questions and Answers

1.

A 14-year-old girl received an IM injection of ampicillin to treat an acute pharyngitis. Few minutes late she showed several signs of an anaphylactic reaction and the physician gave her an IM injection of epinephrine. Which of the following expected effects of the drug was most likely mediated by the activation of peripheral postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors?
- A.
  
  Increased diameter of the pupil
- B.
  
  Decreased secretion of insulin
- C.
  
  Increased secretion of renin
- D.
  
  Constriction of skin vessels
- E.
  
  Increased heart rate
- F.
  
  Dilation of skeletal muscle vessels
2.

A new autonomic drug was administered locally in the conjunctival sac of a healthy volunteer. Twenty minutes later, measurement of some eye parameters gave the following results: Which of the following pairs of receptors did the drug most likely activate?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1 and alpha-2
- B.
  
  Alpha-2 and beta-2
- C.
  
  Nicotinic Nn and Nm
- D.
  
  Muscarinic M2 and M3
- E.
  
  Beta-1 and beta-2
3.

A new autonomic drug that does not cross the blood brain barrier was administered IV to an healthy volunteer. Ten minutes later the following data were recorded: ' Which of the following pairs of receptors were most likely activated by the drug?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1 and beta-1
- B.
  
  Alpha-2 and beta -2
- C.
  
  M2 and Nm
- D.
  
  M3 and Nm
- E.
  
  Beta-1 and beta-2
- F.
  
  M2 and M3
4.

A 55 year-old male underwent four-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery and was then admitted to the Coronary Unit. One hour after the admission patient’s blood pressure fallen and the clinical picture indicated an impending cardiogenic shock. An appropriate therapy was started which included the IV infusion of an adrenergic drug able to activate beta receptors. The beneficial effect of the drug in this case was most likely mediated by which of the following postreceptor mechanisms?
- A.
  
  Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- B.
  
  Increased synthesis of eicosanoids
- C.
  
  Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- D.
  
  Blockade of voltage-gated Ca++ channels
- E.
  
  Increased synthesis of cAMP
5.

A 25-year-old man complained to his physician of impaired ejaculation during sex. The man, who was suffering from Raynaud’s disease, had started a drug therapy one week ago. The blockade of which of the following receptors most likely mediated the adverse effect of the drug in the patient?
- A.
  
  NM
- B.
  
  M2
- C.
  
  M3
- D.
  
  Alpha-2
- E.
  
  Alpha-1
6.

A 21-year-old woman, who was 25 weeks pregnant, presented to the hospital with abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding. An appropriate therapy was started which included an IV infusion of a drug aimed to reduce uterine contractions. Which of the following receptors were most likely activated by the drug?
- A.
  
  Beta-2
- B.
  
  Alpha-2
- C.
  
  D1
- D.
  
  Nn
- E.
  
  Beta-1
- F.
  
  M2
7.

The metabolic effects of a new autonomic drug, were studied in voluntary subjects during a phase 1 clinical trial. The following results were obtained: Liver gluconeogenesis: increased Renin secretion: unaffected Plasma K: decreased Degranulation of mast cells: inhibited Lipolysis in fat cells: increased Which of the following pairs of receptors were most likely activated by the drug?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1 and beta-1
- B.
  
  Beta-2 and beta-3
- C.
  
  Beta-1 and beta-2
- D.
  
  M3 and beta-3
- E.
  
  M2 and M3
- F.
  
  Alpha-1 and M2
8.

A 45-year-old man recently diagnosed with pheochromocytoma started a treatment with a drug that can cause a pronounced decrease of norepinephrine and epinephrine by blocking the first limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis. Which of the following enzymes was most likely inhibited by the drug?
- A.
  
  L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
- B.
  
  Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
- C.
  
  Tyrosine hydroxylase
- D.
  
  Phenylethanolamine methyltransferase
- E.
  
  Monoamine oxidase
9.

A 45-year-old man was treated topically with eye drops during a routine ophthalmoscopic examination. Few hours later he noticed that he was blinded by bright light and was unable to focus on near objects. These symptoms most likely resulted from a blockade of M3 receptors located on which of the following pairs of eye structures?
- A.
  
  Radial muscle of iris and Schlemm canal
- B.
  
  Trabecular meshwork and radial muscle of iris
- C.
  
  Retina and lens
- D.
  
  Sphincter of iris and ciliary muscle
- E.
  
  Ciliary epithelium and retina
10.

A 62-year-old man had been diagnosed with cerebellar astrocytoma. The increased cerebral pressure stimulated the vagal nuclei so causing bradycardia. Which of the following postreceptor mechanisms did most likely mediate this effect?
- A.
  
  Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- B.
  
  Increased synthesis of eicosanoids
- C.
  
  Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- D.
  
  Blockade of voltage-gated Ca++ channels
- E.
  
  Increased synthesis of cAMP
11.

A 54-year-old woman complained to her physician of palpitations, dry mouth, blurred vision and constipation The woman, recently diagnosed with endogenous depression, had started an antidepressive therapy 3 weeks previously. The symptoms of the patient most likely resulted from a blockade of which of the following pairs of receptors?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1 and alpha-2
- B.
  
  Alpha-1 and beta-1
- C.
  
  M2 and M3
- D.
  
  Beta-1 and beta-2
- E.
  
  Nicotinic Nm and beta-2
12.

A 2-year-old boy was rushed to the emergency room by his parents after they discovered he had swallowed a nicotine lozenge found in his father drawer. Which of the following expected symptoms of this patient are most likely due to an increased firing of ganglionic sympathetic neurons?
- A.
  
  Nausea and Vomiting
- B.
  
  Cold and wet skin
- C.
  
  Abdominal pain and diarrhea
- D.
  
  Salivation and lacrimation
- E.
  
  Urinary incontinence
13.

A 2000 gm baby was born at 34 week gestational age by vaginal delivery. One hour after birth the baby appeared hypothermic and lethargic. Apgar scores were low and blood pressure was 55/35 mm Hg. Lab tests revealed that the newborn had a genetic disorder, namely a dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Lab tests would have also shown which of the following results?
- A.
  
  Very low plasma levels of norepinephrine
- B.
  
  Very low plasma levels dopamine
- C.
  
  High plasma level of epinephrine
- D.
  
  High urinary level of normetanephrine
- E.
  
  Low urinary levels of homovanillic acid
14.

A 61-year-old man suffering from postural hypotension started a therapy with a drug which selectively activates alpha-1 receptors. Which of the following postreceptor mechanisms most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of the drug in this patient?
- A.
  
  Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- B.
  
  Closing of ligand-gate Ca++ channels
- C.
  
  Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- D.
  
  Opening of voltage-gate Na+ channels
- E.
  
  Increased synthesis of cAMP
15.

A 84-year-old woman resident of a nursing facility complained of a need to strain to void the bladder, and a sense of incomplete voiding. Postvoiding bladder catheterization produced a residual urine volume of 120 mL. The patient was given a cholinesterase inhibitor that increased the amount of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and was able to improve voiding. This effect most likely resulted from the activation of which of the following pairs of receptors?
- A.
  
  M2 and Alpha-1
- B.
  
  Alpha-1 and beta-2
- C.
  
  M3 and Nn
- D.
  
  Beta-1 and beta2
- E.
  
  M2 and Nm
16.

A 25-year-old man suffering from asthma has been prescribed a drug that selectively activates beta-2 receptors. Which of the following adverse effects is most likely to be expected in this patient?
- A.
  
  Diarrhea
- B.
  
  Urinary incontinence
- C.
  
  Skin rash
- D.
  
  Palpitations
- E.
  
  Impairment of far vision
17.

A 48-year-old woman, who has been suffering from type I diabetes for 15 years, has been recently diagnosed with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Main symptoms of the disease include xerostomia, abdominal distension, constipation, anhydrosis, urinary retention and vaginal dryness. These symptoms most likely result from an impairment of autonomic transmission at which of the following receptors?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1
- B.
  
  Alpha-2
- C.
  
  M2
- D.
  
  M3
- E.
  
  Nm
18.

A 63-year-old man suffering from open angle glaucoma has been receiving an autonomic drug locally in the conjunctival sac. The drug causes a decreased of pupillary diameter and an increase of lens curvature. These actions are most likely mediated by which of the following postreceptor mechanisms?
- A.
  
  Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- B.
  
  Increased synthesis of eicosanoids
- C.
  
  Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- D.
  
  Opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels
- E.
  
  Increased synthesis of cAMP
19.

The cardiovascular effects of a new autonomic drug that does not cross the blood brain barrier are evaluated in a healthy volunteer. The drug was administered intravenously and the results are tabulated below. Which of the following receptors did the drug most likely activate?
- A.
  
  Alpha-1
- B.
  
  Beta-1
- C.
  
  D-1
- D.
  
  M2
- E.
  
  M3
20.

A 35-year-old farmer is brought to the emergency room with severe abdominal cramps and vomiting. He refers that he was working in the field with an organophosphate pesticide and presents with all typical symptoms of acetylcholine excess. Which of the following symptoms of the patient are most likely due to the activation of nicotinic Nm receptors only?
- A.
  
  Salivation, decreased blood pressure
- B.
  
  Difficulty in breathing, miosis
- C.
  
  Diarrhea, sweating
- D.
  
  Bradycardia, urinary urgency
- E.
  
  Diplopia, difficulty in swallowing