Thorax Acad Success MCQ's

The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic arteries. These arteries supply blood to the muscles and tissues of the anterior (front) part of the chest wall. The internal thoracic arteries are located on the inside of the thoracic cavity and give rise to several branches, including the anterior intercostal arteries. These arteries play a crucial role in providing oxygenated blood to the intercostal muscles and other structures in the front of the chest.

A typical rib consists of a head, a neck, a tubercle, and a shaft with its costal groove. This means that all of these components are present in a typical rib.

The major venous drainage of the heart is into the coronary veins (sinus). The coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and drain it into the right atrium of the heart. These veins are responsible for returning the blood that has supplied the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients back to the circulation. The other options listed, such as the thebesian veins, anterior cardiac veins, marginal veins, and inferior veins, are either incorrect or not the major venous drainage of the heart.

The correct answer includes all the components of the conducting system of the heart, which are the sinuatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, right and left branches, and Purkinje fibers network. These structures work together to coordinate and regulate the electrical signals that control the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles, ensuring an efficient and coordinated pumping action.

The groove for the subclavian vein and artery is associated with the first rib. This is because the subclavian vein and artery pass through the thoracic outlet, which is formed by the first rib, clavicle, and the superior border of the scapula. The first rib provides a bony landmark for the passage of these blood vessels.

The sternal angle, also known as the angle of Louis, is an important landmark in the thorax. It is formed by the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. It is located at the level of the disc between thoracic vertebrae 4 and 5. This landmark is commonly used as a reference point for counting ribs and locating other anatomical structures in the thoracic region.

The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic arteries. This means that the blood supply to the anterior (front) part of the intercostal spaces (the spaces between the ribs) is provided by branches of the internal thoracic arteries. These arteries run along the inner surface of the thoracic wall and give off branches that supply the muscles and tissues in the anterior part of the intercostal spaces.

An esophageal aneurysm refers to the abnormal dilation of the esophagus, which is a part of the digestive system and not directly related to the heart. Therefore, it is not clear how an esophageal aneurysm would directly affect any part of the heart. As a result, an explanation for the given correct answer is not available.

The sinus artery to the SA node is a branch of the right coronary artery. The SA node is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right side of the heart, including the SA node. Therefore, the right coronary artery is the correct answer as it provides the necessary blood supply to the SA node.

trabeculae are in ventricles

right recurrent laryngeal nerve is NOT in the mediastinum, it is above it. The LEFT gets hooked on the ligamentum arteriosum.

The superior mediastinum is located in the upper part of the thoracic cavity, behind the manubrium of the sternum. It contains various structures including the superior vena cava, trachea, esophagus, and the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve, on the other hand, does not lie in the superior mediastinum. It descends into the thorax on the right side and loops around the subclavian artery. Therefore, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is the correct answer as it does not belong to the structures found in the superior mediastinum.

A tumor or growth in the area of the ligamentum arteriosum would most likely involve the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, which is located near the aorta and pulmonary artery. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the ligamentum arteriosum, so a tumor in this area could potentially compress or damage the nerve. The other structures listed (right phrenic nerve, left phrenic nerve, right recurrent laryngeal nerve, and right vagus nerve) are not directly associated with the ligamentum arteriosum and would be less likely to be involved in this scenario.

A knife wound into the heart at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, near the sternum, would penetrate the fibrous pericardium, serous visceral pericardium, serous parietal pericardium, and the pericardial cavity. However, it would not penetrate the visceral and parietal pleura. The pleura is the membrane that covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest cavity. It is separate from the pericardium, which surrounds the heart. Therefore, a knife wound in this location would not affect the pleura.

The mitral (bicuspid) valve is best heard over the fifth left intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line. This is because the mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle, and the fifth left intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is the area where the valve's sound is most easily heard.

After passing through the parietal pleura, a bullet shot into the lateral chest wall would perforate the potential pleural cavity. The potential pleural cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, which are the two layers of the pleura that line the lungs and the chest wall respectively. The bullet would enter this space, potentially causing damage to the lungs or other structures within the thoracic cavity.

The axillary lymph node chain consists of several groups of lymph nodes located in the armpit region. The humeral nodes, apical nodes, central nodes, and pectoral nodes are all considered groups within the axillary lymph node chain. However, the deep cervical nodes are not part of this chain. Deep cervical nodes are located in the neck region and drain lymph from the head and neck area. Therefore, deep cervical nodes are not considered a group within the axillary lymph node chain.

The phrenic nerve is not associated with the posterior mediastinum. The posterior mediastinum is located behind the pericardium and contains structures such as the esophagus, thoracic duct, azygos vein, and vagus nerve. The phrenic nerve, on the other hand, is not located in the posterior mediastinum but rather in the anterior mediastinum. It originates from the cervical spine and innervates the diaphragm, playing a crucial role in breathing.

The examination of the heart reveals an old and a new area of damage caused by occlusion of the Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The left atrium and left ventricle are specifically mentioned as the areas of damage. This suggests that the occlusion of the Circumflex branch has affected the blood supply to the left side of the heart, resulting in infarction in the left atrium and left ventricle.

A tumor at the bifurcation of the trachea would affect all the structures mentioned except for the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The aortic arch, superior vena cava, esophagus, and deep cardiac plexus are all located near the trachea and could potentially be affected by a tumor in that area. However, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is not directly located at the bifurcation of the trachea and would therefore not be affected.

The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and is responsible for draining lymph from the lower limbs, abdomen, left side of the thorax, left upper limb, and left side of the head and neck. It does not drain the right side of the thorax, as this is the function of the right lymphatic duct. Therefore, the statement "drains both right and left sides of the thorax" is not true of the thoracic duct.

An aneurysm of the arch of the aorta is likely to affect the left primary bronchus, esophagus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, and phrenic nerve due to their proximity to the aorta. However, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is not directly adjacent to the arch of the aorta, so it would not be affected by the aneurysm.

If a tumor of the esophagus in the thorax were to enlarge, it would likely affect the left atrium of the heart. The esophagus is located behind the heart in the thorax, and if the tumor grows in size, it could potentially compress or invade the left atrium, leading to various cardiovascular complications.

The septomarginal trabecula, also known as the moderator band, is a muscular structure found in the right ventricle of the heart. It extends from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle. Its purpose is to support the conduction system of the heart and help coordinate the contraction of the ventricles. Therefore, the correct answer is right ventricle.

The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the aorta.

Atria.....Atria....Atria

The greater splanchnic nerve consists of preganglionic sympathetic fibers that come from the spinal cord via white rami without synapse. The fibers can be found in the posterior mediastinum and terminate in the celiac (prevertebral) ganglion. However, the statement that branches arise from the 9th to the 10th sympathetic ganglion region is not true.

The superolateral quadrant of the breast is a frequent site of mammary tumors. This means that tumors in the breast are commonly found in the upper outer area of the breast. This information is important for medical professionals as it helps them in identifying and diagnosing breast tumors. By understanding the common location of tumors, healthcare providers can perform targeted examinations and screenings in order to detect and treat breast cancer at an early stage.

A sharp knife wound starting at and including the external intercostal muscle would penetrate six layers before hitting the lung tissue itself.

The correct statement regarding the parietal pleura is that it lines the costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal recesses. This means that the parietal pleura forms a lining along the spaces between the ribs and the diaphragm, as well as the spaces between the ribs and the mediastinum.

The greater splanchnic nerves consist of myelinated fibers and are formed from contributions from the 5th to 9th thoracic ganglia. They lie in the posterior mediastinum and pierce the diaphragm to enter the celiac ganglion. However, they are not preganglionic parasympathetic nerves.

thymus is correct in children,