Block 2 Moore Cartilage

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Chondrogenesis refers to the process of cartilage formation. Appositional growth occurs at the outer surface of the cartilage, where new cells are added to the existing cartilage layer. On the other hand, interstitial growth occurs within the cartilage, where existing cells divide and secrete new matrix to expand the cartilage from within. Therefore, the correct answer is appositional growth and interstitial growth.

Surface of Joints

Hyaline cartilage is the most common form of cartilage in the body. It is found in various locations such as the nose, trachea, and ends of long bones. It has a smooth and glassy appearance, hence the name "hyaline". This type of cartilage provides support, flexibility, and cushioning to the joints. It also helps in reducing friction between bones and absorbs shock. Hyaline cartilage is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which give it its characteristic properties.

As a template for growth of long bones

Lacunae is the cavity that houses the ISOGENOUS GROUP.
Perichondrium is the C.T. that surrounds the cartilage

Testosterone, Thyroxine, and Somatotropin are all hormones that play a role in stimulating cartilage growth. Testosterone is an androgen hormone that promotes the growth and development of cartilage. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism and growth, including cartilage growth. Somatotropin, also known as growth hormone, stimulates the growth of bones and cartilage. Therefore, the combination of Testosterone, Thyroxine, and Somatotropin is responsible for controlling the stimulation of cartilage growth.

The perichondrium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds cartilage. It contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply nutrients and oxygen to the cartilage cells (chondrocytes) and remove waste products. Therefore, the correct answer is perichondrium.

Both can secrete matrix
Yes, once the –blasts are in the lacunae they are called -cytes
Neither can differentiate into fibroblast
Blast exist as single cells cytes usually are grouped in lacunae
Chondroblast are very religious and do not party

The correct answer is nasal septum. Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage that is found in areas of the body that require both flexibility and strength, such as the intervertebral discs and knee joints. The pubic symphysis is also a location where fibrocartilage is found, as it helps to absorb shock and provide stability. However, the nasal septum is composed mainly of hyaline cartilage, which is a different type of cartilage that is more flexible and less dense than fibrocartilage. Therefore, fibrocartilage is not found in the nasal septum.

The correct answer is the highly negative charge on GAG side chains attracting cations and water. This is because the negative charge on the GAG side chains of Hyaluronic acid attracts positively charged ions (cations) and water molecules. This creates a hydrated gel-like structure that resists compression forces, giving cartilage its compression resistant property.

Appositional growth refers to the growth of a tissue by the addition of layers on the surface, while interstitial growth refers to the growth of a tissue by the division and enlargement of cells within the tissue. The given answer states that appositional growth is only possible with a perichondrium, which is the connective tissue layer surrounding cartilage. This is because the perichondrium contains the cells necessary for the formation of new layers on the surface of the cartilage. Therefore, without a perichondrium, appositional growth cannot occur.

Type 1 collagen fibers are found in fibrous cartilage and perichondrium. Fibrous cartilage is a type of cartilage that contains a high concentration of collagen fibers, providing it with strength and resilience. Perichondrium is a connective tissue layer that surrounds cartilage and contains collagen fibers, including type 1 collagen. Therefore, the correct answer is fibrous cartilage and perichondrium.

Chondrocytes, which are cells found in cartilage, receive nutrients through diffusion. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this case, nutrients such as oxygen and glucose diffuse from the surrounding blood vessels and extracellular fluid into the chondrocytes. This allows the chondrocytes to obtain the necessary nutrients for their metabolic activities and to maintain the health and function of the cartilage tissue.

Hypo Vitaminosis D does not cause ossification of cartilage. Ossification is the process of replacing cartilage with bone. Hypo Vitaminosis D actually leads to a deficiency of vitamin D, which is important for calcium absorption and bone growth. Without enough vitamin D, the bones may become weak and brittle, but it does not cause ossification of cartilage.

The given answer is incorrect. The high mobility of chondrocytes does not make them the chief cell type in cartilage repair. In fact, chondrocytes have limited mobility and are not the primary cells involved in cartilage repair. Instead, mesenchymal stem cells and progenitor cells play a crucial role in cartilage repair by differentiating into chondrocytes and promoting tissue regeneration.

Hyaline cartilage does not always have a perichondrium. While hyaline cartilage can have a perichondrium in some areas, such as in the articular cartilage of joints, it does not always have one. In certain locations, such as the trachea and the bronchi, hyaline cartilage lacks a perichondrium.

Chondrocytes are derived from fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells that produce the extracellular matrix and are involved in tissue repair. Mesenchymal cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including chondrocytes. Therefore, both fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells can give rise to chondrocytes.

The correct answer is type 6. The collagen surrounding an isogenous group refers to the type of collagen found in the extracellular matrix of a group of cells derived from a single progenitor cell. In this case, type 6 collagen is the specific type found in the surrounding matrix of the isogenous group.