Bioscience II : Test 1
A review of the material for Bioscience II test 1. Covering the neuro lectures including anatomy of CNS, PNS, neurons, and flow of CSF.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Ouch!! You just slammed your fingers in the car door! As you let loose a string of bad language that would impress even the most seasoned sailor, you remember that which type of nerve is responsible for conducting this sensation from your fingers to your brain?
- A.
Afferent Nerve
- B.
Somatic Nerves
- C.
Efferent Nerves
- D.
Thoracolumbar nerves
Correct Answer
A. Afferent NerveExplanation
The correct answer is Afferent Nerve. Afferent nerves are responsible for conducting sensory information from the body to the brain. In this case, when you slam your fingers in the car door, the afferent nerves in your fingers transmit the sensation of pain to your brain, allowing you to perceive and react to the injury.Rate this question:
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- 2.
As you are driving down the highway on your way home from a long day of clinical, another driver is tailgating you and honks his horn for no reason. You would like to flick this guy off. Which type of nerve sends an impulse from your brain to your finger in order to allow you to flick of this inconsiderate jerk?
- A.
Autonomic nerves
- B.
Somatic nerves
- C.
Afferent nerves
- D.
Parasympathetic nerves
Correct Answer
B. Somatic nervesExplanation
Somatic nerves are responsible for transmitting impulses from the brain to the finger in order to allow you to flick off the inconsiderate driver. These nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements of the body. In this situation, flicking off the driver would be a conscious, voluntary action, and therefore somatic nerves would be involved in carrying out this action.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The efferent system is subdivided into two parts, what are they?
- A.
Sympathetic nervous system
- B.
Parasympathetic nervous system
- C.
Somatic nervous system
- D.
Autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer(s)
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Autonomic nervous systemExplanation
The efferent system is responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. It is subdivided into two parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and transmits signals to skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and regulates activities of internal organs, glands, and smooth muscles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into which two systems?
- A.
Sympathetic nervous system
- B.
Parasympathetic nervous system
- C.
Somatic nervous system
- D.
Afferent Nervous System
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous systemExplanation
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions. It is further divided into two systems: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for action in response to stress or danger. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, promotes relaxation and conserves energy, counteracting the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. These two systems work together to maintain balance and regulate bodily functions. The somatic nervous system, on the other hand, controls voluntary movements and receives sensory information from the external environment. The afferent nervous system refers to the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 5.
This is it! You are back in 4th grade and finally you have HAD IT with that brat Jennifer that teases you everyday. You decide to meet her on the schoolyard after school and teach her a lesson. As you approach the playground you notice your heart pounding, you are sweating, your pupils dilating, and it feels like your blood pressure has gone way up. Your whole body seems wired! Which system has allowed for your response to this momentous ass-kicking occasion?
- A.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- B.
Sympathetic nervous system
- C.
Afferent nervous system
- D.
Somatic nervous System
Correct Answer
B. Sympathetic nervous systemExplanation
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, which includes increased heart rate, sweating, dilated pupils, and elevated blood pressure. In this situation, where the individual is feeling anxious and ready to confront someone, these physiological changes indicate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This system prepares the body for action and helps to mobilize energy resources in response to a perceived threat or challenge.Rate this question:
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- 6.
You have just come home from a long day the Miami RibFest. Today you stuffed yourself silly on ribs, tater twisters, and fried twinkies. You get home and immediately lay on your couch. You feel so sleepy! It feels like your whole body is slowing down and your stomach is working away to digest all the food. Which system allows for this response?
- A.
Afferent Nervous System
- B.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- C.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- D.
Thoracolumbar Nervous System
Correct Answer
C. Parasympathetic Nervous SystemExplanation
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response in the body. After consuming a large meal, the parasympathetic nervous system is activated to promote digestion and relaxation. It slows down heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and increases activity in the digestive system. This explains the feeling of sleepiness and the sensation of the body slowing down after eating a heavy meal.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Development of the Nervous System begins at what point in gestation?
- A.
2-4 days post implantation
- B.
7 weeks gestation
- C.
1 week gestation
- D.
3 weeks gestation
Correct Answer
D. 3 weeks gestationExplanation
The correct answer is 3 weeks gestation. Development of the Nervous System begins at this point in gestation. This is when the neural tube starts to form, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord. The nervous system is essential for transmitting signals throughout the body and is crucial for proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Transverse Myelitis is a disease which cause demyelination. This results in paralysis of the patient that is often permanent. What is myelin’s function and why is this important?
- A.
Myelin acts as insulator for nerves to speed conduction of impulses along the nerve.
- B.
Myelin receives incoming synaptic information from environment or other neurons and generates impulse.
- C.
Myelin is a particular type of axon which conducts motor impulses down the spinal cord.
- D.
Myelin cells relay information from one axon to another within the brain, allowing for higher levels of processing information and decision making.
Correct Answer
A. Myelin acts as insulator for nerves to speed conduction of impulses along the nerve.Explanation
Myelin acts as an insulator for nerves, allowing for faster conduction of impulses along the nerve. This is important because it ensures efficient and rapid communication between different parts of the body. Without myelin, the conduction of impulses would be slower, leading to impaired motor and sensory functions. In the case of Transverse Myelitis, the demyelination of nerves results in paralysis because the impulses are unable to travel properly along the affected nerves.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which type of nerve tract is primarily Sensory?
- A.
Nerve tracts are both sensory and motor.
- B.
Ascending Tracts
- C.
Descending Tracts
- D.
Dendritic Tracts
Correct Answer
B. Ascending TractsExplanation
Ascending tracts are primarily sensory nerve tracts. These tracts carry sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the brain. They transmit signals such as touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. In contrast, descending tracts primarily carry motor information from the brain to the peripheral nervous system, controlling voluntary movements. Dendritic tracts are not a recognized term in neuroscience, so they are not relevant to the question.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which type of nerve tract is primarily Motor?
- A.
Nerve tracts are both sensory and motor.
- B.
Ascending Tracts
- C.
Descending Tracts
- D.
Dendritic Tracts
Correct Answer
C. Descending TractsExplanation
Descending tracts primarily carry motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands, allowing for voluntary movement and control. Sensory information is primarily carried by ascending tracts, which transmit signals from the sensory receptors to the brain for processing. Dendritic tracts are not a recognized type of nerve tract and do not play a role in motor or sensory transmission.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In the pre-embryonic period, which of the primary germ layers will become the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts?
- A.
Prosencephalon
- B.
Ectoderm
- C.
Rhombencephalon
- D.
Endoderm
Correct Answer
D. EndodermExplanation
During the pre-embryonic period, the primary germ layer that will become the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts is the endoderm. The endoderm is one of the three primary germ layers that form during early embryonic development. It gives rise to the epithelial lining of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and lungs. The endoderm also contributes to the formation of various organs such as the liver, pancreas, and thyroid gland.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In the pre-embryonic period, which of the primary germ layers will become muscle and bone?
- A.
Mesoderm
- B.
Ectoderm
- C.
Mesencephalon
- D.
Endoderm
Correct Answer
A. MesodermExplanation
During the pre-embryonic period, the mesoderm is the primary germ layer that will give rise to muscle and bone. The mesoderm is located between the ectoderm (which forms the skin and nervous system) and the endoderm (which forms the digestive and respiratory systems). It is responsible for the development of various tissues and structures including muscle, bone, connective tissue, blood vessels, and the circulatory system. Therefore, the correct answer is Mesoderm.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In the pre-embryonic period, which of the primary germ layers will become the Nervous System?
- A.
Prosencephalon
- B.
Ectoderm
- C.
Mesoderm
- D.
Endoderm
Correct Answer
B. EctodermExplanation
During the pre-embryonic period, the primary germ layer that will become the Nervous System is the Ectoderm. The ectoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the embryo and it gives rise to various structures including the nervous system, skin, hair, and nails. The nervous system develops from a specialized region of the ectoderm called the neural plate, which eventually forms the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, the correct answer is Ectoderm.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is not one of the three primary vesicles formed during the embryonic period?
- A.
Mesencephalon
- B.
Rhombencephalon
- C.
Diencephalon
- D.
Prosencephalon
Correct Answer
C. DiencepHalonExplanation
The correct answer is Diencephalon. During the embryonic period, the three primary vesicles that form are the prosencephalon (forebrain), the mesencephalon (midbrain), and the rhombencephalon (hindbrain). The diencephalon is a secondary vesicle that develops from the prosencephalon, so it is not one of the three primary vesicles.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the primary vesicles formed in the embryonic period will become the forebrain?
- A.
Mesencephalon
- B.
Rhombencephalon
- C.
Diencephalon
- D.
Prosencephalon
Correct Answer
D. ProsencepHalonExplanation
The correct answer is Prosencephalon. During the embryonic period, the brain develops from three primary vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The prosencephalon is the most anterior of the three and will eventually develop into the forebrain. The mesencephalon will become the midbrain, while the rhombencephalon will develop into the hindbrain. Therefore, the prosencephalon is the correct answer as it is the primary vesicle that will become the forebrain.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the primary vesicles formed in the embryonic period will become the midbrain?
- A.
Mesencephalon
- B.
Rhombencephalon
- C.
Diencephalon
- D.
Prosencephalon
Correct Answer
A. MesencepHalonExplanation
The correct answer is Mesencephalon. During the embryonic period, the brain develops from three primary vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain, is the primary vesicle that will develop into the midbrain. The diencephalon will become the forebrain, the rhombencephalon will become the hindbrain, and the prosencephalon will become the midbrain and forebrain.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the primary vesicles formed in the embryonic period will become the hindbrain?
- A.
Mesencephalon
- B.
Rhombencephalon
- C.
Diencephalon
- D.
Prosencephalon
Correct Answer
B. RhombencepHalonExplanation
During the embryonic period, the primary vesicles are formed, which eventually develop into different parts of the brain. The hindbrain, also known as the rhombencephalon, is one of these primary vesicles. It is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and coordination of movement. Therefore, the correct answer is Rhombencephalon.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is not one of the 3 layers which the neural tube differentiates into?
- A.
Ependymal Layer
- B.
Marginal Layer
- C.
Ventral Layer
- D.
Mantle Layer
Correct Answer
C. Ventral LayerExplanation
The neural tube differentiates into three layers: the ependymal layer, the marginal layer, and the mantle layer. The ventral layer is not one of the three layers.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the neural tube layers eventually develops into white matter of nervous system?
- A.
Ventral Layer
- B.
Mantle Layer
- C.
Ependymal Layer
- D.
Marginal Layer
Correct Answer
D. Marginal LayerExplanation
The marginal layer eventually develops into the white matter of the nervous system. The white matter is composed of myelinated axons, which are responsible for transmitting signals between different regions of the nervous system. The marginal layer is located on the outermost part of the neural tube and contains these myelinated axons. Therefore, it is the correct answer for the given question.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Afferent neurons are found within the _____ horns of gray matter in spinal cord.
- A.
Dorsal
- B.
Ventral
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Foraminal
Correct Answer
A. DorsalExplanation
Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They are found within the dorsal horns of gray matter in the spinal cord. The dorsal horns are located on the back side of the spinal cord and receive sensory input from the body.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Efferent Neurons are found within the _____ & _______ horns of gray matter in spinal cord.
- A.
Dorsal
- B.
Ventral
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Foraminal
Correct Answer(s)
B. Ventral
C. LateralExplanation
Efferent neurons are responsible for carrying signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, enabling movement and other bodily functions. These neurons are found within the ventral and lateral horns of gray matter in the spinal cord. The ventral horns are located on the front side of the spinal cord and contain motor neurons that control voluntary muscle movement. The lateral horns are present in the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord and are responsible for controlling the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The terminal end of the spinal cord is known as….
- A.
Cauda Equina
- B.
Filum Terminale
- C.
Rhombencephalon
- D.
Conus Medullaris
Correct Answer
D. Conus MedullarisExplanation
The terminal end of the spinal cord is called the Conus Medullaris. This is the tapered, cone-shaped portion of the spinal cord located at the L1-L2 level of the vertebral column. It is the final part of the spinal cord before it branches out into the cauda equina, which consists of nerve roots that continue down the vertebral canal. The Conus Medullaris is an important landmark in spinal cord anatomy and is often used as a reference point in spinal surgeries and procedures.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The brain stem consists of all the following except:
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Medulla Oblongata
- C.
Pons
- D.
Midbrain
Correct Answer
A. ThalamusExplanation
The brain stem is a part of the central nervous system that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling many vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The brain stem consists of three main parts: the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain. The thalamus, on the other hand, is not a part of the brain stem. It is located above the brain stem and acts as a relay station for sensory information, directing it to the appropriate areas of the brain for processing. Therefore, the correct answer is Thalamus.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is not contained within the diencephalon?
- A.
Hypothalamus
- B.
Pons
- C.
Pineal Gland
- D.
All are contained within diencephalon.
Correct Answer
B. PonsExplanation
The pons is not contained within the diencephalon. The diencephalon is a region of the brain located between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain. It consists of several structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. The pons, on the other hand, is part of the brainstem, which is located below the diencephalon. It plays a role in relaying signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, as well as in controlling certain functions such as breathing and sleep.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The ________ spreads over the diencephalon and occupies most of cranium.
- A.
Cerebellum
- B.
Cortex
- C.
Cerebrum
- D.
Central Sulcus
Correct Answer
C. CerebrumExplanation
The cerebrum is the correct answer because it is the largest part of the brain and occupies most of the cranium. It is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and perception. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and is covered by the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for processing sensory information and initiating motor commands.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The carotid arteries pass through which bone on their way to supply the brain?
- A.
Occipital
- B.
Parietal
- C.
Sphenoid
- D.
Temporal
Correct Answer
D. TemporalExplanation
The carotid arteries pass through the temporal bone on their way to supply the brain. The temporal bone is located on the sides and base of the skull, and it houses important structures such as the middle and inner ear, as well as the carotid canal through which the carotid arteries pass. These arteries are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the brain, making the temporal bone a crucial pathway for their supply.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the cranial bones articulates with all other cranial bones and contains the sella turcica?
- A.
Sphenoid
- B.
Ethmoid
- C.
Occipital
- D.
Parietal
Correct Answer
A. SpHenoidExplanation
The sphenoid bone is the correct answer because it articulates with all other cranial bones, forming connections with the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid bones. Additionally, the sphenoid bone contains the sella turcica, which is a bony depression that houses the pituitary gland.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which suture is located between the frontal and 2 parietal bones?
- A.
Lamboidal
- B.
Coronal
- C.
Sagittal
- D.
Squamosal
Correct Answer
B. CoronalExplanation
The coronal suture is located between the frontal and two parietal bones. This suture runs in a horizontal direction and separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones. It is one of the major sutures of the skull and plays a crucial role in the development and growth of the skull bones.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which suture is located between the 2 parietal bones?
- A.
Lamboidal
- B.
Coronal
- C.
Sagittal
- D.
Squamosal
Correct Answer
C. SagittalExplanation
The sagittal suture is located between the two parietal bones. It is a fibrous joint that runs from the front to the back of the skull, separating the two parietal bones and connecting them together. This suture is important for the growth and development of the skull, as well as providing stability to the cranial bones. The other sutures listed, such as the lambdoidal, coronal, and squamosal sutures, are located in different areas of the skull and do not connect the parietal bones.Rate this question:
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- 30.
At birth, several fontanels exist in babies. Which fontanel closes around 18 months and is located between the frontal and parietal bones?
- A.
Posterior
- B.
Posterolateral
- C.
Anterolateral
- D.
Anterior
Correct Answer
D. AnteriorExplanation
The fontanel that closes around 18 months and is located between the frontal and parietal bones is the anterior fontanel.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The posterior fontanel closes at around what age?
- A.
2 months
- B.
3 months
- C.
1 month
- D.
18-24 months
Correct Answer
A. 2 monthsExplanation
The posterior fontanel is the soft spot on the back of a baby's head. It is formed by the junction of several skull bones and gradually closes as the baby grows. The correct answer is 2 months because by this age, the posterior fontanel is typically fully closed.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the cavities between the membranes around the brain contains only a few drops of CSF?
- A.
Subarachnoid space
- B.
Subdural space
- C.
Epidural space
- D.
Sulcal Space
Correct Answer
B. Subdural spaceExplanation
The subdural space is the cavity between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, which are two of the membranes surrounding the brain. This space contains only a few drops of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. The subdural space is important for the protection and support of the brain, as well as for the circulation and absorption of CSF.Rate this question:
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- 33.
You are out horseback riding today with friends. Half way through your trail ride you fall of your horse and hit your head on a nearby log. Your friends take you to the hospital and you find you have a small bleed! You are semi-coherent and think back to anatomy of the brain and realize your bleed is most likely to occur within which space?
- A.
Subdural Space
- B.
Sulcal Space
- C.
Subarachnoid Space
- D.
Epidural Space
Correct Answer
C. Subarachnoid SpaceExplanation
The subarachnoid space is the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, two of the protective layers covering the brain. It contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is located beneath the arachnoid membrane. In the given scenario, the person falls off the horse and hits their head, resulting in a small bleed. Given that the bleed is within the brain, it is most likely to occur within the subarachnoid space, where blood vessels are present. The other spaces mentioned (subdural, sulcal, and epidural) are not typically associated with bleeding within the brain.Rate this question:
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- 34.
What is the purpose of the arachnoid granulations?
- A.
Division of neural tube in embryonic period which eventually forms arachnoid membrane
- B.
Anchors brain meninges to inner surface of cranial bones
- C.
Serve as sites of CSF aborption into venous system
- D.
Innervates intracranial vessels to aid in autonomic control of cerebral blood flow.
Correct Answer
C. Serve as sites of CSF aborption into venous systemExplanation
The arachnoid granulations serve as sites of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption into the venous system. CSF is produced in the ventricles of the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord. The arachnoid granulations are small protrusions of the arachnoid membrane that extend into the venous sinuses of the brain. They function to allow the CSF to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream, helping to maintain the balance of CSF production and absorption in the brain. This process helps to regulate the pressure and composition of the CSF, ensuring optimal functioning of the central nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The brain is responsible for what percentage of total body oxygen consumption?
- A.
40%
- B.
5%
- C.
10%
- D.
20%
Correct Answer
D. 20%Explanation
The brain is responsible for 20% of the total body oxygen consumption. This is because the brain requires a significant amount of oxygen to function properly. Even though the brain only makes up about 2% of the body's weight, it utilizes a large amount of oxygen to support its various functions, such as thinking, processing information, and controlling bodily functions. Therefore, 20% is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The right carotid artery arises from the _______ while the left carotid arises from the _____.
- A.
Subclavian, Aortic Arch
- B.
Ascending Aorta, Subclavian
- C.
Ascending Aorta, Descending Aorta
- D.
Inominate, Subclavian
Correct Answer
A. Subclavian, Aortic ArchExplanation
The right carotid artery arises from the subclavian artery while the left carotid artery arises from the aortic arch.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The arterial supply of the brain contains a confluence of vessels known as…
- A.
Circle of Webster
- B.
Circle of Willis
- C.
Circle of Willebrand
- D.
Circle of Wicke
Correct Answer
B. Circle of WillisExplanation
The correct answer is Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis is a confluence of blood vessels located at the base of the brain. It is formed by the joining of several major arteries, including the two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery. The Circle of Willis plays a crucial role in providing collateral circulation to the brain, ensuring a constant blood supply even if one of the arteries becomes blocked or compromised.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The majority of cerebral aneursyms are located where in the brain?
- A.
Posterior circle of willis
- B.
Middle circle of willis
- C.
Anterior circle of willis
- D.
Basilar Artery
Correct Answer
C. Anterior circle of willisExplanation
The correct answer is the Anterior circle of Willis. The majority of cerebral aneurysms are located in the anterior circle of Willis, which is a circulatory network of arteries at the base of the brain. This network includes the anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery, and the internal carotid arteries. Aneurysms in this area can lead to serious complications such as hemorrhage or stroke.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is the CPP for your patient whose BP is currently 156/82 with an ICP of 10?
- A.
105
- B.
99
- C.
109
- D.
95
Correct Answer
D. 95Explanation
CPP stands for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, which is the pressure gradient that drives blood flow to the brain. It is calculated by subtracting the intracranial pressure (ICP) from the mean arterial pressure (MAP). In this case, the MAP can be estimated by taking the average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Therefore, the MAP is (156+82)/2 = 119. The CPP is then calculated as 119 - 10 = 109. Therefore, the correct answer is 109.Rate this question:
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- 40.
At which of the following MAP’s would CBF no longer remain constant?
- A.
58
- B.
67
- C.
122
- D.
149
Correct Answer
A. 58 -
- 41.
Which of the following will not affect CBF?
- A.
Hyperventilation
- B.
Muscle paralysis with Vecuronium
- C.
Warming the pt
- D.
Giving 2u PRBC transfusion
Correct Answer
B. Muscle paralysis with VecuroniumExplanation
Muscle paralysis with Vecuronium will not affect CBF because Vecuronium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that acts on the motor endplate of the neuromuscular junction, causing skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis. It does not have any direct effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) as it does not directly affect the blood vessels supplying the brain.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which portion of the brain controls HR respirations, and blood vessel diameter?
- A.
Midbrain
- B.
Vestibular Nuclear Complex
- C.
Medulla
- D.
Pineal Gland
Correct Answer
C. MedullaExplanation
The medulla, located in the brainstem, controls HR (heart rate), respirations, and blood vessel diameter. It is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate. The medulla contains various centers that receive and process information from the body and send signals to control these functions. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Cranial Nerves V, VI, VII, and VII originate in the….
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Midbrain
- C.
Vasomotor Center
- D.
Pons
Correct Answer
D. PonsExplanation
Cranial nerves V, VI, VII, and VIII originate in the Pons. The Pons is a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge between the medulla and the midbrain. It plays a crucial role in relaying signals between different parts of the brain and the body. The cranial nerves originating in the Pons are responsible for various functions such as facial movement, eye movement, and sensation in the face and head.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which portion of the brain is responsible for interpreting pain, temperature, light touch, and pressure sensations?
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Vasomotor Center
- C.
Vestibular Nuclear Complex
- D.
Hypothalamus
Correct Answer
A. ThalamusExplanation
The thalamus is responsible for interpreting pain, temperature, light touch, and pressure sensations. It acts as a relay station for sensory information, receiving signals from various parts of the body and transmitting them to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for further processing and interpretation. The thalamus plays a crucial role in the perception of sensory stimuli and is involved in the integration of sensory information to create our conscious experience of pain, temperature, touch, and pressure sensations.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which section of your brain is responsible for controlling your rage issues and your sleep cycle as well as integrating and controlling the ANS?
- A.
Pineal Gland
- B.
Hypothalamus
- C.
Thalamus
- D.
Medulla
Correct Answer
B. HypothalamusExplanation
The hypothalamus is responsible for controlling rage issues, sleep cycle, and integrating and controlling the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It plays a crucial role in regulating emotions, including anger and rage, through its connections with other brain regions. Additionally, it regulates the sleep-wake cycle by controlling the release of melatonin from the pineal gland. The hypothalamus also controls various functions of the ANS, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion, through its influence on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.Rate this question:
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- 46.
You are ever so proudly taking your 4 yr old daughter to ballet. As you watch the class you notice your special snowflake completely lacks coordination. Her arms and legs are flinging in every direction, she tips over when asked to stand on one leg or do bar exercises, and her teacher states she has horrible posture. While thinking back to functions of the brain, you realize your little klutz probably needs to better develop her _______ to help with these issues.
- A.
Midbrain
- B.
Pons
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
You don’t care…. She looks really cute and happy spinning in circles while the others gracefully dance.
Correct Answer
C. CerebellumExplanation
The given correct answer is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture. In this scenario, the 4-year-old daughter lacks coordination, tips over when asked to stand on one leg or do bar exercises, and has poor posture, indicating that her cerebellum needs to develop to help improve these issues.Rate this question:
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- 47.
When referring to the conduction pathway, what is the role of the receptor?
- A.
Receives incoming sensory impulse and generates an outgoing impulse.
- B.
Passes impulse to terminating axon in CNS
- C.
Transmits impulse to organ of body that will respond
- D.
Responds to change in internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse.
Correct Answer
D. Responds to change in internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse.Explanation
The role of the receptor in the conduction pathway is to respond to changes in the internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse. This means that when there is a change in the environment, the receptor detects it and sends a signal in the form of a nerve impulse to the central nervous system (CNS). This allows the body to recognize and respond to stimuli, such as temperature changes, pressure, or pain. The receptor serves as the first step in the conduction pathway, converting the stimulus into a nerve impulse that can be transmitted and processed by the CNS.Rate this question:
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- 48.
When referring to the conduction pathway, what is the role of the Center?
- A.
Receives incoming sensory impulse and generates an outgoing impulse.
- B.
Passes impulse to terminating axon in CNS
- C.
Transmits impulse to organ of body that will respond
- D.
Responds to change in internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse.
Correct Answer
A. Receives incoming sensory impulse and generates an outgoing impulse.Explanation
The role of the Center in the conduction pathway is to receive incoming sensory impulses and generate an outgoing impulse. This suggests that the Center acts as a processing center, receiving information from sensory receptors and generating an appropriate response. It is responsible for interpreting the sensory input and initiating the appropriate motor output in response to changes in the internal or external environment.Rate this question:
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- 49.
When referring to the conduction pathway, what is the role of the sensory neuron?
- A.
Receives incoming sensory impulse and generates an outgoing impulse.
- B.
Passes impulse to terminating axon in CNS
- C.
Transmits impulse to organ of body that will respond
- D.
Responds to change in internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse.
Correct Answer
B. Passes impulse to terminating axon in CNSExplanation
The role of the sensory neuron in the conduction pathway is to pass the impulse to the terminating axon in the central nervous system (CNS). This means that the sensory neuron receives the incoming sensory impulse and transfers it to the axon, which then carries the impulse to the CNS where further processing and interpretation of the sensory information occurs.Rate this question:
-
- 50.
When referring to the conduction pathway, what is the role of the motor neuron?
- A.
Receives incoming sensory impulse and generates an outgoing impulse.
- B.
Passes impulse to terminating axon in CNS
- C.
Transmits impulse to organ of body that will respond
- D.
Responds to change in internal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse.
Correct Answer
C. Transmits impulse to organ of body that will respondExplanation
The motor neuron's role in the conduction pathway is to transmit the impulse to the organ of the body that will respond. This means that the motor neuron carries the nerve impulse from the central nervous system (CNS) to the specific organ or muscle that needs to take action in response to the stimulus. By transmitting the impulse, the motor neuron enables the body to initiate a physical response to changes in the internal or external environment.Rate this question:
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Quiz Review Timeline +
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Current Version
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Feb 10, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Sep 26, 2009Quiz Created by
Scottishduffy
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