High School Assessment: Hardest Biology Test! Trivia Quiz

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  • 1/178 Questions
    Scientists are studying how four species of deer are related. The scientists believe that Species 1 is the common ancestor. The four species have some traits in common. They also have traits that are unique to their species.Scientists used the process of gel electrophoresis to study the relatedness of the four deer species. The results of their gel electrophoresis study are shown below.Which deer species is most closely related to species number 1? [3.4.2C]  - ProProfs

    Scientists are studying how four species of deer are related. The scientists believe that Species 1 is the common ancestor. The four species have some traits in common. They also have traits that are unique to their species.Scientists used the process of gel electrophoresis to study the relatedness of the four deer species. The results of their gel electrophoresis study are shown below.Which deer species is most closely related to species number 1? [3.4.2C] 

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    • 4
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About This Quiz

Challenge your understanding of biology with this High School Assessment trivia quiz! Explore questions on experimental bias, cellular functions, and reaction rates, enhancing your knowledge and critical thinking skills in biology.

High School Assessment: Hardest Biology Test! Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    800 petri dishes were used to grow bacteria.  200 petri dishes were thrown out due to contamination.  What proportion of the total number were thrown out? [1.6.1]

    • 1/2

    • 1/3

    • 1/4

    • 1/5

    Correct Answer
    A. 1/4
    Explanation
    Out of the total 800 petri dishes used to grow bacteria, 200 petri dishes were thrown out due to contamination. To find the proportion of the total number that were thrown out, we divide the number of petri dishes thrown out (200) by the total number of petri dishes used (800). This gives us a fraction of 1/4, which represents the proportion of petri dishes that were thrown out due to contamination.

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  • 3. 
    The skull of a modern bird, the herring gull, is shown below.Which of the vertebrate skulls shown below is probably most closely related to modern birds? [3.4.2 B2] - ProProfs

    The skull of a modern bird, the herring gull, is shown below.Which of the vertebrate skulls shown below is probably most closely related to modern birds? [3.4.2 B2]

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • D

    Correct Answer
    A. D
  • 4. 

    In humans the trait of having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f).Which genotype and phenotype are correctly paired? [3.3.2C]

    • FF—no freckles

    • Ff—no freckles

    • Ff—freckles

    • Ff—freckles

    Correct Answer
    A. Ff—freckles
    Explanation
    The genotype Ff represents a heterozygous individual, meaning they have one dominant allele (F) and one recessive allele (f). The phenotype freckles is correctly paired with this genotype because having the dominant allele (F) results in the expression of the trait. The recessive allele (f) would only result in the absence of freckles if it is present in both copies (ff genotype).

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  • 5. 

    A group of students were tasked to determine how closely related two organisms were to each other using samples of DNA.  Which of these would be the best tool to use.  [1.2.5]

    • Gel electrophoresis

    • Magnifying glass

    • Microscope

    • Balance

    Correct Answer
    A. Gel electrophoresis
    Explanation
    Gel electrophoresis is the best tool to use in determining how closely related two organisms are to each other using samples of DNA. Gel electrophoresis is a technique that separates DNA fragments based on their size and charge. By comparing the DNA banding patterns produced by gel electrophoresis, the similarity or differences in DNA sequences between the two organisms can be determined. This method allows for the analysis of a large number of DNA samples and provides valuable information for studying genetic relationships between organisms.

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  • 6. 

    Four important scientific discoveries are listed below.
    1. Some animals can regrow their limbs.
    2. All plant and animal tissues are made up of cells.
    3. Dominant and recessive traits are passed from parents to offspring.
    4. Chromosomes replicate during cell division.
    Which two discoveries required the use of a microscope? [1.7.6]

    • 1 and 2

    • 2 and 4

    • 1 and 3

    • 3 and 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2 and 4
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 2 and 4 because the discovery that all plant and animal tissues are made up of cells required the use of a microscope to observe and study the cells. Similarly, the discovery that chromosomes replicate during cell division also required the use of a microscope to observe the process of cell division and the replication of chromosomes.

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  • 7. 

    Some adult insects are unable to swim but are able to walk on top of water. What characteristic of water enables these insects to walk on top of water?  [3.1.1.B b]

    • PH

    • Solvent properties

    • Surface tension

    • Atomic bonds

    Correct Answer
    A. Surface tension
    Explanation
    Surface tension is the characteristic of water that enables insects to walk on top of it. Surface tension is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, causing it to form a "skin" or layer on its surface. This creates a sort of "invisible barrier" that allows insects with the right adaptations, such as water-repellent legs or small body weight, to distribute their weight and walk on the surface of the water without sinking.

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  • 8. 

    In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of- [3.1.3C]

    • Respiration

    • Homeostasis

    • Chemosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Chemosynthesis
    Explanation
    Chemosynthesis is the correct answer because in deep ocean trenches, where sunlight cannot penetrate, bacteria use the energy from inorganic compounds to produce organic materials. This process is known as chemosynthesis. Unlike photosynthesis, which requires sunlight, chemosynthesis allows organisms to survive and thrive in extreme environments such as deep ocean trenches. Respiration and homeostasis are not directly related to the production of organic materials from inorganic compounds in this context.

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  • 9. 

    Glucose is a building block of carbohydrates. Which of these best describes glucose?[3.1.1 C1b]

    • Nucleotide

    • Protein

    • Monosaccharide

    • Lipid

    Correct Answer
    A. Monosaccharide
    Explanation
    Glucose is best described as a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are made up of a single sugar molecule. Glucose is a type of monosaccharide that is commonly found in nature and serves as an important energy source for living organisms. It is a primary fuel for cellular respiration and is essential for various metabolic processes in the body.

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  • 10. 

    Which organelle in a cactus cell converts solar energy into useable energy? [3.2.1F2d]

    • Nucleus

    • Ribosomes

    • Chloroplast

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Chloroplast
    Explanation
    The correct answer is chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells, including cactus cells, that are responsible for converting solar energy into useable energy through the process of photosynthesis. They contain a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This glucose is then utilized by the cell as a source of energy for various cellular processes.

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  • 11. 
    The deer tick feeds on the blood of the red squirrel, deer, and deer mouse. What is the relationship between the deer tick and the deer in the forest food web? [3.5.1B2] - ProProfs

    The deer tick feeds on the blood of the red squirrel, deer, and deer mouse. What is the relationship between the deer tick and the deer in the forest food web? [3.5.1B2]

    • Parasite-host

    • Predator-prey

    • Mutualism

    • Commensalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasite-host
    Explanation
    The relationship between the deer tick and the deer in the forest food web is that of a parasite-host. The deer tick feeds on the blood of the deer, using the deer as a host for its survival and reproduction. This relationship is one-sided, with the deer tick benefiting from the relationship by obtaining nutrients from the deer's blood, while the deer is harmed by the tick's feeding activity.

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  • 12. 
    A group of students wants to determine whether a gas is released when glucose is added to a solution of living yeast cells and water. Their experimental setup is shown below. [1.2.6 C]The students add glucose to a mixture of yeast and water in Flask A. If a gas is released, the test solution in Flask B will turn yellow. The students observe and record the appearance of Flask B at the beginning of the experiment, and again after 24 hours.Which of these should the scientist do to confirm their results? [1.2.6D]  - ProProfs

    A group of students wants to determine whether a gas is released when glucose is added to a solution of living yeast cells and water. Their experimental setup is shown below. [1.2.6 C]The students add glucose to a mixture of yeast and water in Flask A. If a gas is released, the test solution in Flask B will turn yellow. The students observe and record the appearance of Flask B at the beginning of the experiment, and again after 24 hours.Which of these should the scientist do to confirm their results? [1.2.6D] 

    • Compare the results to other student's results.

    • Write the conclusion

    • Change the control

    • Repeat the experiment

    Correct Answer
    A. Repeat the experiment
    Explanation
    To confirm their results, the scientists should repeat the experiment. This is important because it allows them to replicate their findings and ensure that the results are consistent. By repeating the experiment, the scientists can validate their initial observations and ensure that the gas release and the change in Flask B's appearance are indeed caused by the addition of glucose to the yeast and water mixture. This step is crucial in scientific research to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results.

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  • 13. 

    Marine and land iguanas are two different species that inhabit the Galapagos Islands. Some scientists believe that both species diverged from a common ancestor. Marine iguanas eat algae. Land iguanas feed on cacti. Algae are more abundant in the ocean than cacti are on the islands. Both species lay their eggs in the sand.Rats, cats, and goats have recently been introduced to the islands. Rats often feed on iguana eggs, cats eat baby iguanas, and goats eat cacti.What is the process that explains how marine and land iguanas developed from a common ancestor? [3.4.1A]

    • Succession

    • Natural selection

    • Cloning

    • Selective breeding

    Correct Answer
    A. Natural selection
    Explanation
    The process that explains how marine and land iguanas developed from a common ancestor is natural selection. Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. In the case of marine and land iguanas, their divergence from a common ancestor occurred due to differences in their food sources. Marine iguanas developed the ability to eat algae, which is more abundant in the ocean, while land iguanas adapted to feed on cacti. This adaptation to different environments and food sources allowed each species to thrive in their respective habitats, leading to the development of distinct traits and characteristics.

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  • 14. 

    Which of these terms best describes the wide variety of plant and animal species in the rain forest? [3.5.2A]

    • Niche

    • Diversity

    • Natural selection

    • Mutalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Diversity
    Explanation
    The term "diversity" best describes the wide variety of plant and animal species in the rainforest. Rainforests are known for their incredible biodiversity, with a wide range of different species coexisting in the same ecosystem. This diversity is a result of the unique environmental conditions found in the rainforest, such as high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and a variety of niches and habitats. The rainforest provides a rich and diverse array of resources and habitats that support a wide range of species, making it one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth.

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  • 15. 

    Which of these processes produces carbon dioxide? [3.1.3 D]

    • Mitosis

    • Water cycle

    • Respiration

    • Photosynthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Respiration
    Explanation
    Respiration is the process that produces carbon dioxide. During respiration, organisms break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy. One of the byproducts of this process is carbon dioxide, which is then expelled from the body. Mitosis is a cell division process, the water cycle is the movement of water in the environment, and photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

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  • 16. 

    In the laboratory, scientists remove the gene for insulin from human chromosomes. They insert the gene into the DNA of bacteria. This causes the bacteria to produce human insulin. The insulin is used to treat diabetes in humans. Which of these best describes this process? [3.3.4C]

    • Meiosis

    • Fertilization

    • Recombinant DNA

    • DNA fingerprinting

    Correct Answer
    A. Recombinant DNA
    Explanation
    The process described in the question is known as recombinant DNA technology. It involves removing a specific gene from one organism's chromosomes (in this case, the gene for insulin from human chromosomes) and inserting it into the DNA of another organism (in this case, bacteria). This manipulation allows the bacteria to produce human insulin, which can then be used to treat diabetes in humans. Recombinant DNA technology is a widely used technique in biotechnology and has revolutionized the production of various therapeutic proteins.

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  • 17. 
    Use the information and the chart below to answer the following item.Several students are conducting an experiment to test the effect of exercise on heart rate. Students do 20 sit-ups in one minute of exercise. The data chart below shows the heart rate at one-minute intervals for each student.Each time the students did the experiment they got different results.  They decided to ignore any results that were too far above or below their original prediction. They repeat these trials until a value closer to their prediction is obtained.The students’ decision to ignore data and repeat trials affects the experiment by- [1.1.4 A2] - ProProfs

    Use the information and the chart below to answer the following item.Several students are conducting an experiment to test the effect of exercise on heart rate. Students do 20 sit-ups in one minute of exercise. The data chart below shows the heart rate at one-minute intervals for each student.Each time the students did the experiment they got different results.  They decided to ignore any results that were too far above or below their original prediction. They repeat these trials until a value closer to their prediction is obtained.The students’ decision to ignore data and repeat trials affects the experiment by- [1.1.4 A2]

    • Introducing bias

    • Decreasing controls

    • Increasing accuracy

    • Eliminating variables

    Correct Answer
    A. Introducing bias
    Explanation
    The students' decision to ignore data and repeat trials introduces bias into the experiment. Bias occurs when certain data points are selectively ignored or given more weight than others, leading to a skewed or inaccurate representation of the true results. In this case, by disregarding any results that were too far above or below their original prediction, the students are potentially excluding important data that could provide valuable insights or contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of exercise on heart rate. Thus, their decision introduces bias into the experiment.

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  • 18. 

    A strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of TAC-CGG-AGT. Which of the following is the complementary mRNA nucleotide sequence produced from the strand of DNA? [3.3.3B]

    • UAC-CGG-AGU

    • ACU-GAA-CGA

    • AGU-UCC-UAC

    • AUG-GCC-UCA

    Correct Answer
    A. AUG-GCC-UCA
    Explanation
    The given DNA strand has the sequence TAC-CGG-AGT. In mRNA, the complementary base pairs are used, so T pairs with A, A pairs with U, C pairs with G, and G pairs with C. Therefore, the complementary mRNA sequence would be AUG-GCC-UCA.

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  • 19. 

    Which of these make up the primary link between a gene and the expression of a trait? [3.3.3C]

    • Sugars

    • Protein

    • Lipids

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein
    Explanation
    Proteins are the primary link between a gene and the expression of a trait. Genes contain the instructions for making proteins, and these proteins play a crucial role in determining the traits or characteristics of an organism. They are involved in various biological processes, such as enzyme activity, cell signaling, and structural support. Therefore, proteins are directly responsible for translating the information encoded in genes into observable traits.

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  • 20. 
    Use the information and the figure below to answer the following question.Male fiddler crabs attract females by quickly waving their large front claw. If a claw is lost in a fight or accident, they quickly grow a hollow claw of equal length. Because the new claw is lighter, they can wave it faster. A male fiddler crab is shown below.The male fiddler crab’s new claw can be described as -   [3.4.1B] - ProProfs

    Use the information and the figure below to answer the following question.Male fiddler crabs attract females by quickly waving their large front claw. If a claw is lost in a fight or accident, they quickly grow a hollow claw of equal length. Because the new claw is lighter, they can wave it faster. A male fiddler crab is shown below.The male fiddler crab’s new claw can be described as -   [3.4.1B]

    • A clone

    • A genotype

    • An adaptation

    • A dominant trait

    Correct Answer
    A. An adaptation
    Explanation
    The male fiddler crab's new claw can be described as an adaptation. This is because the crab has evolved the ability to regrow its claw quickly in response to losing it in a fight or accident. The new claw is lighter, allowing the crab to wave it faster and attract females. This adaptation increases the crab's chances of finding a mate and passing on its genes.

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  • 21. 

    A researcher is studying raccoons and skunks. She wants to find out how closely these two mammals are related. Which of these characteristics would be best for her to study?  [3.4.2B]

    • Sequences of DNA

    • Reproductive habits

    • Movement of RNA

    • Physical appearance

    Correct Answer
    A. Sequences of DNA
    Explanation
    The researcher can study the sequences of DNA to determine the genetic similarities and differences between raccoons and skunks. DNA carries the genetic information of an organism, and comparing the DNA sequences can provide insights into their evolutionary relationships and genetic relatedness. By analyzing the DNA sequences, the researcher can determine how closely these two mammals are related and understand their evolutionary history.

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  • 22. 
    Black skimmers are water birds that live along coastal beaches, bays, estuaries, and marshes. They fly just above the surface of the water using their lower jaw to catch small fish, shrimp, and other small crustaceans.These birds nest in simple, unlined depressions in the sand. Scientists have observed a decline in the number of nests. Some causes of this decline include a lack of suitable nesting sites, beach erosion, and human disturbances.When people approach their nests, the birds become aggressive and chase away intruders. Other animals, like crows, will take advantage of the unprotected nests and feed on the eggs.Which of these terms best describes the relationship between the crows and the black skimmers? [3.5.1.B1] - ProProfs

    Black skimmers are water birds that live along coastal beaches, bays, estuaries, and marshes. They fly just above the surface of the water using their lower jaw to catch small fish, shrimp, and other small crustaceans.These birds nest in simple, unlined depressions in the sand. Scientists have observed a decline in the number of nests. Some causes of this decline include a lack of suitable nesting sites, beach erosion, and human disturbances.When people approach their nests, the birds become aggressive and chase away intruders. Other animals, like crows, will take advantage of the unprotected nests and feed on the eggs.Which of these terms best describes the relationship between the crows and the black skimmers? [3.5.1.B1]

    • Mutualism

    • Commensalism

    • Parasite-host

    • Predator-prey

    Correct Answer
    A. Predator-prey
    Explanation
    The relationship between the crows and the black skimmers can be described as predator-prey. The crows take advantage of the unprotected nests and feed on the eggs of the black skimmers. This relationship is characterized by one organism (the crow) hunting and consuming another organism (the black skimmer) for food.

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  • 23. 
    Cells in the stomach produce pepsin, an enzyme, to help digest food. Pepsin works best at a pH of 2. Which of these graphs most likely shows what will happen to the activity of pepsin as the pH of the stomach is increased?  [3.1.2.A  5b]  - ProProfs

    Cells in the stomach produce pepsin, an enzyme, to help digest food. Pepsin works best at a pH of 2. Which of these graphs most likely shows what will happen to the activity of pepsin as the pH of the stomach is increased?  [3.1.2.A  5b] 

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • D

    Correct Answer
    A. A
  • 24. 

    Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of- [3.3.1A]

    • Mitosis

    • Cloning

    • Sexual reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction

    Correct Answer
    A. Sexual reproduction
    Explanation
    Sexual reproduction is the correct answer because it is the process by which genetic differences occur in sea stars. During sexual reproduction, two parent organisms contribute genetic material to create offspring with a unique combination of genes. This leads to genetic diversity among sea stars and their offspring, making them genetically different from each other and from their parents. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in identical copies of cells, cloning is the production of genetically identical organisms, and asexual reproduction does not involve the combination of genetic material from two parents.

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  • 25. 

    A new species is introduced into an area. This can have harmful effects on species already inhabiting the area. The harmful effects are most likely a result of-  [3.5.1B5]

    • Succession

    • Mutualism

    • Competition

    • Commensalism

    Correct Answer
    A. Competition
    Explanation
    When a new species is introduced into an area, it is likely to compete with the species already inhabiting the area for resources such as food, water, and shelter. This competition can lead to harmful effects on the existing species, as they may face increased competition and struggle to survive. Therefore, the harmful effects of introducing a new species are most likely a result of competition.

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  • 26. 
    The deer tick feeds on the blood of the red squirrel, deer, and deer mouse. According to the food web, which of these best describes the role of the blue jay in the forest food web? [3.5.2 C4] - ProProfs

    The deer tick feeds on the blood of the red squirrel, deer, and deer mouse. According to the food web, which of these best describes the role of the blue jay in the forest food web? [3.5.2 C4]

    • Parasite

    • Producer

    • Carnivore

    • Omnivore

    Correct Answer
    A. Carnivore
    Explanation
    The blue jay is classified as a carnivore in the forest food web because it preys on other animals for food. It does not produce its own food like a producer, nor does it feed on the blood of other animals like a parasite. The blue jay's diet consists mainly of insects, small mammals, and other birds, making it a carnivorous species in the forest ecosystem.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following can control the rate of reaction in photosynthesis? [3.1.1 D3]

    • Carbohydrates

    • Enzymes

    • Lipids

    • Nucleic acids

    Correct Answer
    A. Enzymes
    Explanation
    Enzymes can control the rate of reaction in photosynthesis. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. In photosynthesis, enzymes such as RuBisCO and ATP synthase play crucial roles in the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. These enzymes facilitate the necessary chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur. Therefore, enzymes are essential in regulating and controlling the rate of photosynthesis.

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  • 28. 

    Use the information below to answer the following item.Hummingbirds need large amounts of energy to flap their wings between 60 and 200 times per second. Their wings beat so rapidly that it is difficult to see them move. They often appear suspended in air for extended periods of time without changing their location. Hummingbirds have long bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar. They also feed on insects.The body system most directly interacting with the skeletal system to enable hummingbirds to beat their wings between 60 and 200 times per second is the [3.2.1C5]

    • Digestive

    • Muscular

    • Endocrine

    • Circulatory

    Correct Answer
    A. Muscular
    Explanation
    The correct answer is muscular. The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the wings in hummingbirds. The rapid flapping of their wings between 60 and 200 times per second is made possible by the contraction and relaxation of the muscles attached to the wings. These muscles provide the necessary energy and force for the wings to beat at such a high frequency, allowing hummingbirds to hover in the air and maintain their position for extended periods of time.

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  • 29. 
    Students are building an exhibit of an East African food web for a science fair. The food web they are using is shown below.Which term best defines the role that each organism plays within an ecosystem? [3.5.2D] - ProProfs

    Students are building an exhibit of an East African food web for a science fair. The food web they are using is shown below.Which term best defines the role that each organism plays within an ecosystem? [3.5.2D]

    • Diversity

    • Carnivore

    • Niche

    • Omnivore

    Correct Answer
    A. Niche
    Explanation
    The term "niche" best defines the role that each organism plays within an ecosystem. A niche refers to the specific position or role that an organism occupies within its habitat. It includes the organism's interactions with other species, its behavior, and its use of resources. Each organism has a unique niche that contributes to the overall functioning and balance of the ecosystem.

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  • 30. 
    Use the information and the graph below to answer the following question.Catalase is an enzyme found in plant and animal cells. Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance found in cells. Catalase causes hydrogen peroxide to break down into water and oxygen.A student conducted an experiment to determine whether plant and animal cells have the same amount of catalase. She used liver and potato tissues in the experiment. The student followed the procedures below.Label two identical test tubes, 1 and 2.Pour 10 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide solution (1% concentration) into each test tube.Add a small piece of liver tissue to Test Tube 1.Add a small piece of potato tissue to Test Tube 2.Collect the oxygen released from each test tube for 25 seconds.Measure and record the volume of oxygen for each test tube.The graph below shows the results from the experiment.Which of these factors is the independent variable? [1.2.6A]  - ProProfs

    Use the information and the graph below to answer the following question.Catalase is an enzyme found in plant and animal cells. Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance found in cells. Catalase causes hydrogen peroxide to break down into water and oxygen.A student conducted an experiment to determine whether plant and animal cells have the same amount of catalase. She used liver and potato tissues in the experiment. The student followed the procedures below.
    1. Label two identical test tubes, 1 and 2.
    2. Pour 10 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide solution (1% concentration) into each test tube.
    3. Add a small piece of liver tissue to Test Tube 1.
    4. Add a small piece of potato tissue to Test Tube 2.
    5. Collect the oxygen released from each test tube for 25 seconds.
    6. Measure and record the volume of oxygen for each test tube.
    The graph below shows the results from the experiment.Which of these factors is the independent variable? [1.2.6A] 

    • The amount of time

    • The amount of oxygen

    • The size of liver

    • The size of potato

    Correct Answer
    A. The amount of time
    Explanation
    The independent variable in this experiment is the amount of time. The student collected the oxygen released from each test tube for a fixed duration of 25 seconds. By manipulating the time, the student was able to compare the amount of oxygen released by the liver tissue in Test Tube 1 and the potato tissue in Test Tube 2. The other factors mentioned (amount of oxygen, size of liver, and size of potato) are not independent variables in this experiment as they are not being directly manipulated by the student.

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  • 31. 
    Use the information and the food web below to answer the following.A marine environment provides a habitat for a variety of plants and animals. A small part of a marine food web is shown below. Horseshoe crabs are used by fisherman for bait. If the horseshoe crab population were reduced by overfishing, which of these groups of organisms would most likely decrease in number? [3.5.4A] - ProProfs

    Use the information and the food web below to answer the following.A marine environment provides a habitat for a variety of plants and animals. A small part of a marine food web is shown below. Horseshoe crabs are used by fisherman for bait. If the horseshoe crab population were reduced by overfishing, which of these groups of organisms would most likely decrease in number? [3.5.4A]

    • Plankton, razor clams, and loggerhead turtles

    • Sanderlings, loggerhead turtles, and striped bass

    • Grackles, plankton, and diamondback terrapin

    • Striped bass, sanderlings, and razor clams

    Correct Answer
    A. Sanderlings, loggerhead turtles, and striped bass
    Explanation
    If the horseshoe crab population were reduced by overfishing, it would disrupt the food chain and lead to a decrease in the number of organisms that depend on horseshoe crabs for food. Sanderlings, loggerhead turtles, and striped bass all rely on horseshoe crabs as a food source, so if the horseshoe crab population decreases, these organisms would most likely decrease in number as well.

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  • 32. 

    A healthy circulatory system is able to deliver excess oxygen and nutrients to cells. Which cell organelle requires oxygen to carry out cellular respiration? [3.2.1F2d]

    • Ribosomes

    • Nuclei

    • Mitochondria

    • Membranes

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria
    Explanation
    Mitochondria are the cell organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, a process that requires oxygen. During cellular respiration, mitochondria break down glucose and other molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, where oxygen is used to generate ATP through a series of chemical reactions. Therefore, mitochondria require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration and produce energy for the cell.

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  • 33. 
    Use the information and the drawing below to answer the following item.The desert climate is caused by geographic conditions such as location, high atmospheric pressure, and proximity of mountain ranges. Average desert rainfall amounts are usually less than 50 cm per year. Soil in deserts is coarse, sandy, and rocky. Desert plants and animals have specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment. An example is the Saguaro cactus. The Saguaro has a shallow root system with a main taproot and other roots that radiate out and collect surface water. The trunk of the Saguaro has the ability to expand while storing water. The sweet-nectar flowers of the Saguaro attract white-winged doves, bats, and other animals. These animals feed on the nectar. They are necessary for cross-pollination. Cross-pollination occurs when the pollen of a flower is carried to a flower on another plant. The illustration below shows the Saguaro cactus.Which of the following explains the effect of environmental pressure placed on the cactus plant?[3.4.1A] - ProProfs

    Use the information and the drawing below to answer the following item.The desert climate is caused by geographic conditions such as location, high atmospheric pressure, and proximity of mountain ranges. Average desert rainfall amounts are usually less than 50 cm per year. Soil in deserts is coarse, sandy, and rocky. Desert plants and animals have specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment. An example is the Saguaro cactus. The Saguaro has a shallow root system with a main taproot and other roots that radiate out and collect surface water. The trunk of the Saguaro has the ability to expand while storing water. The sweet-nectar flowers of the Saguaro attract white-winged doves, bats, and other animals. These animals feed on the nectar. They are necessary for cross-pollination. Cross-pollination occurs when the pollen of a flower is carried to a flower on another plant. The illustration below shows the Saguaro cactus.Which of the following explains the effect of environmental pressure placed on the cactus plant?[3.4.1A]

    • Cross-pollination will occur when the pollen of the flower is carried to a flower on another plant.

    • The desert animals feed on the nectar of the cactus.

    • The saguaro cactus developed specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment.

    • The saguaro cactus is found in desert climates.

    Correct Answer
    A. The saguaro cactus developed specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the saguaro cactus developed specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment. This is supported by the information provided in the passage, which states that desert plants and animals have specialized characteristics that help them survive in the harsh environment. The passage also specifically mentions that the saguaro cactus has a shallow root system, the ability to store water in its trunk, and sweet-nectar flowers that attract animals for cross-pollination. These characteristics allow the cactus to adapt and thrive in the desert climate.

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  • 34. 

    The populations of wolves and other large predators have decreased throughout the United States. This disruption of the natural food web will most likely lead to [3.5.3 F] 

    • A decrease in prey animals

    • An increase in producers

    • The overpopulation of prey animals

    • The overpopulation of scavengers

    Correct Answer
    A. The overpopulation of prey animals
    Explanation
    The decrease in populations of wolves and other large predators disrupts the natural food web by removing top predators. Without these predators, the prey animals will likely experience a decrease in predation pressure, leading to their overpopulation. As a result, the correct answer is "the overpopulation of prey animals."

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  • 35. 

    A student wants to perform an investigation to determine the heart rate of a rabbit. The teacher tells her the heart rate should be about 100 beats per minute. How could this information affect the investigation? [1.1.4 B]

    • It could introduce bias.

    • It could remove experimental error.

    • It could increase the accuracy of the data.1.

    • It could reduce the number of measurements needed.

    Correct Answer
    A. It could introduce bias.
    Explanation
    The information that the heart rate of a rabbit should be about 100 beats per minute could introduce bias in the investigation. This is because the student may unconsciously or consciously manipulate the data or experiment in a way that aligns with the expected heart rate. This can lead to inaccurate or skewed results, as the student may ignore or dismiss any data that does not support the expected heart rate. Therefore, the information could introduce bias in the investigation.

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  • 36. 

    Use the description of the experiment below to answer the following.A student washes her hands with antibacterial soap and water. Then she touches the agar in a petri dish with her thumb. The agar contains nutrients that support the growth of bacteria. Other students repeat the procedure after washing their hands with three different kinds of antibacterial soap. The petri dishes are kept warm overnight to allow bacteria to grow. The next day the students count the number of bacterial colonies in each dish.Which of these questions would best address the problem? [1.2.1 B]

    • How long does it take soap to kill bacteria?

    • Which soap is most effective in killing bacteria?

    • Which nutrients are necessary to grow bacteria?

    • How many bacteria are on the average thumb?

    Correct Answer
    A. Which soap is most effective in killing bacteria?
    Explanation
    The question "Which soap is most effective in killing bacteria?" would best address the problem because the experiment involves testing different types of antibacterial soap to determine their effectiveness in killing bacteria. By counting the number of bacterial colonies in each petri dish, the students can compare the results and identify which soap is the most effective in killing bacteria.

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  • 37. 

    What molecules control the reaction rate of photosynthesis? [3.1.1 D3]

    • Sugars

    • Enzymes

    • Fatty acids

    • Nucleic acids

    Correct Answer
    A. Enzymes
    Explanation
    Enzymes control the reaction rate of photosynthesis. Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. In the case of photosynthesis, enzymes are responsible for facilitating the conversion of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Without enzymes, the reaction rate of photosynthesis would be significantly slower, hindering the ability of plants to produce energy through this process.

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  • 38. 

    In the early 1900s, many children had a disease called rickets. Research showed that the children had a deficiency of a vitamin that is necessary for the proper formation of bones.Which of these vitamins was lacking in the diets of these children?  [3.1.1 G3]

    • Vitamin A

    • Vitamin C

    • Vitamin D

    • Vitamin K

    Correct Answer
    A. Vitamin D
    Explanation
    In the early 1900s, many children had a disease called rickets, which is characterized by weak and deformed bones. Research showed that these children had a deficiency of a specific vitamin that is essential for proper bone formation. Vitamin D is the vitamin that was lacking in the diets of these children. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for the development and strength of bones. Therefore, the absence of vitamin D in their diets led to the development of rickets.

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  • 39. 
    Use the information and Punnett square below to answer the following question.In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown in the Punnett square below. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from the cross.What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur? - ProProfs

    Use the information and Punnett square below to answer the following question.In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown in the Punnett square below. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from the cross.What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur?

    • 0%

    • 25%

    • 50%

    • 75%

    Correct Answer
    A. 0%
    Explanation
    The Punnett square shows that all of the possible offspring from this cross have the genotype Bb, meaning they will have black fur. Since the allele for brown fur (b) is recessive and there are no offspring with the genotype bb, the probability of an offspring having brown fur is 0%.

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  • 40. 

    Scientists can insert and remove nucleotides from a DNA strand. Which of these identifies this process? [3.3.4C]

    • Base pairing

    • Gene splicing

    • DNA synthesis

    • DNA transcription

    Correct Answer
    A. Gene splicing
    Explanation
    Gene splicing is the process of removing or inserting nucleotides in a DNA strand. It involves cutting the DNA at specific points and joining different segments together. This process is commonly used in genetic engineering to manipulate genes and create new combinations of DNA sequences. It allows scientists to modify the genetic code and create organisms with desired traits or produce specific proteins. Therefore, gene splicing is the correct identification for the process of inserting and removing nucleotides from a DNA strand.

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  • 41. 
    A researcher recently discovered a species of bacteria. DNA sequences were obtained from it and from several other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of each species.According to the data above, the unknown bacteria are most closely related to which species? [3.4.2 C] - ProProfs

    A researcher recently discovered a species of bacteria. DNA sequences were obtained from it and from several other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of each species.According to the data above, the unknown bacteria are most closely related to which species? [3.4.2 C]

    • Species I

    • Species II

    • Species III

    • Species IV

    Correct Answer
    A. Species IV
    Explanation
    Based on the information provided, the researcher obtained DNA sequences from the same part of the bacterial chromosome for each species. Therefore, the similarity in DNA sequences suggests a close genetic relationship between the unknown bacteria and Species IV.

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  • 42. 
    A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split into two cells, as shown in the diagram.Which of these structures does the organism shown above use to move itself? [3.2.1.C3] - ProProfs

    A student observes a unicellular organism under a microscope. After a while, the organism begins to split into two cells, as shown in the diagram.Which of these structures does the organism shown above use to move itself? [3.2.1.C3]

    • Cilia

    • Flagella

    • Pseudopodia

    • Ribosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Cilia
    Explanation
    The organism shown in the diagram is using cilia to move itself. Cilia are small, hair-like structures that cover the surface of the organism and beat in coordinated waves to create movement. They are often found in unicellular organisms and some types of cells in multicellular organisms. In this case, the splitting of the organism into two cells suggests that it is using cilia to propel itself forward and divide into two separate cells.

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  • 43. 

    A protein called p53 can keep cells from dividing. To prevent cell division, this protein most likely stops-   [3.2.1E4]

    • Osmosis

    • Mitosis

    • Respiration

    • Mutation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis
    Explanation
    The protein p53 is known for its role in preventing cell division. Mitosis is the process by which cells divide, so it is likely that p53 stops mitosis in order to prevent cell division. Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane, respiration is the process of converting energy from food into a usable form, and mutation refers to a change in DNA sequence. None of these processes directly relate to the role of p53 in preventing cell division.

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  • 44. 

    Students conducted an experiment to test the effect of antibiotics on bacteria. They placed bacteria in a petri dish that contained agar treated with an antibiotic. Only one of the bacterial colonies survived.Which of these statements best explains why only one colony survived? [3.4.1C]

    • The bacteria in the colonies competed for survival.

    • There was only enough food in the dish for some of the bacteria to survive

    • There was not enough antibiotic in the dish to kill all the bacteria

    • The bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive

    Correct Answer
    A. The bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the bacteria in the surviving colony had genetic variations that allowed them to survive. This means that some of the bacteria had genetic traits that made them resistant to the antibiotic, allowing them to survive while the others died. This is a common phenomenon in bacterial populations, where genetic variations can lead to some individuals being better adapted to survive in a particular environment. In this case, the genetic variations allowed the bacteria to withstand the effects of the antibiotic and continue to grow.

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  • 45. 
    The graphs below show the effects of temperature and pH on the reaction rate of an enzyme.Food will stay fresh longer when enzyme activity is slowed. Which of the following conditions would most likely slow enzyme activity? [1.4.2] - ProProfs

    The graphs below show the effects of temperature and pH on the reaction rate of an enzyme.Food will stay fresh longer when enzyme activity is slowed. Which of the following conditions would most likely slow enzyme activity? [1.4.2]

    • Reducing pH from 8 to 7 by adding a weak acid

    • Increasing pH from 5 to 6 by adding a weak base

    • Reducing temperature from 30°C to 20°C by refrigeration

    • Increasing temperature from 30°C to 40°C by heating

    Correct Answer
    A. Reducing temperature from 30°C to 20°C by refrigeration
    Explanation
    Reducing the temperature from 30°C to 20°C by refrigeration would most likely slow enzyme activity. Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and their activity tends to decrease as temperature decreases. By refrigerating the food and reducing the temperature, the enzyme activity will be slowed down, resulting in the food staying fresh longer.

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  • 46. 

    The presence or absence of freckles is determined by one gene. The allele for freckles (F) is dominant and the allele for the absence of freckles (f) is recessive.A couple has several children. All of the children have freckles because their parents' genotypes can only produce children with freckles.Which of these are most likely the genotypes of the two parents? [3.3.2D]

    • Ff and ff

    • FF and ff

    • Ff and Ff

    • Ff and ff

    Correct Answer
    A. FF and ff
    Explanation
    The presence or absence of freckles is determined by one gene, with the allele for freckles (F) being dominant and the allele for the absence of freckles (f) being recessive. Since all of the children have freckles, it means that they must have received the dominant allele for freckles from one of their parents. Therefore, one parent must have the genotype FF, while the other parent must have the genotype ff. This is because if one parent had the genotype Ff, there would be a 25% chance of their children not having freckles.

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  • 47. 

    An Olympic gold medalist in cross-country skiing has a gene which causes him to produce 50% more hemoglobin than the average person. Which of these most likely caused this trait? [3.3.4A]

    • A special diet designed for the skier

    • The climate where the skier lives

    • The training routine of the skier

    • A mutation carried by the skier

    Correct Answer
    A. A mutation carried by the skier
    Explanation
    The most likely cause for the Olympic gold medalist in cross-country skiing to produce 50% more hemoglobin than the average person is a mutation carried by the skier. This mutation would result in a genetic alteration that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to the increased levels observed in the skier. The other options, such as the special diet, climate, or training routine, are less likely to directly influence the production of hemoglobin in such a significant way.

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  • 48. 

    Which of these is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism? [3.2.1F2d]

    • Inheriting a trait

    • Growing taller

    • Releasing energy

    • Regulating body temperature

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulating body temperature
    Explanation
    Regulating body temperature is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism. Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. In this case, regulating body temperature ensures that the organism's internal temperature remains within a certain range, regardless of external temperature fluctuations. This is important for the proper functioning of cellular processes and overall health.

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  • 49. 
    Use the information and the pedigree below to answer the following item.In humans, the allele for having feet with normal arches is dominant (A). The allele for flat feet is recessive (a). The pedigree below shows the occurrence of normal arches and flat feet in four generations of a family. In the pedigree, individuals are identified by the generation and individual numbers. For example, Individual 2 in Generation I is identified as I-2.Which of these individuals in the pedigree is a male with the genotype aa? [3.3.2F] - ProProfs

    Use the information and the pedigree below to answer the following item.In humans, the allele for having feet with normal arches is dominant (A). The allele for flat feet is recessive (a). The pedigree below shows the occurrence of normal arches and flat feet in four generations of a family. In the pedigree, individuals are identified by the generation and individual numbers. For example, Individual 2 in Generation I is identified as I-2.Which of these individuals in the pedigree is a male with the genotype aa? [3.3.2F]

    • I 1

    • II 2

    • III 2

    • III 5

    Correct Answer
    A. III 5
    Explanation
    Individual III-5 is a male with the genotype aa because he has flat feet, which is a recessive trait. Since he has flat feet, it means he has inherited the recessive allele for flat feet from both of his parents. Therefore, his genotype must be aa.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 24, 2015
    Quiz Created by
    Lydia Thompson

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