Biology Final Exam Review 2

2.

An area where a population of wolves lives is getting colder. Even though the wolves do not have predators, they often die as a result of the cold temperatures. In this climate, natural selection should favor individuals that possess which of the following?

White fur
Thicker fur
Sharp claws
Blue eyes

Correct Answer

A. Thicker fur

Explanation

Having thick fur would help protect the wolves from the very cold weather.

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3.

Scientists can compare DNA sequences of different species of animals. The species that are most closely related will

Have the greatest number of common DNA sequences
Have the fewest number of common DNA sequences
Start to mutate
Have more sex-linked traits

Correct Answer

A. Have the greatest number of common DNA sequences

Explanation

If you get a table of DNA sequences, compare and count the number of similar sequences. Those with the greatest number of similar sequences are most closely related.

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4.

The mole rat is an animal that avoids predators by living underground. Its long claws and teeth allow it to dig deep holes. Scientists believe the ancestors of the mole rat lived above ground and had shorter claws and teeth. Which of these processes resulted in the long claws and teeth found in the modern mole rat?

Natural selection
Selective breeding
Genetic engineering
Asexual reproduction

Correct Answer

A. Natural selection

Explanation

The environment "prefers" these traits of long claws and teeth because they help the organism to survive.

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5.

A population of land snails colonized a field of light-colored grasses. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with dark shells and another with light shells. After ten years, most of the snails had light-colored shells.What process led to the increase in the number of snails with light-colored shells?

Mutation
Succession
Natural selection
Genetic engineering

Correct Answer

A. Natural selection

Explanation

The increase in the number of snails with light-colored shells is due to natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing. In this case, the light-colored shells provided a better camouflage against the light-colored grasses, allowing those snails to avoid predators and survive. Over time, the population became dominated by snails with light-colored shells as they had a higher reproductive success. This is a classic example of natural selection driving evolutionary change.

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6.

Cleaner fish feed off of the algae, fungi, and other microorganisms that are found on the teeth of larger fish. Another species of fish, called mimics, look like cleaner fish. They are able to approach the larger fish and remove food from the teeth as well. If the mimic fish populations grow to outnumber the cleaner fish, the ________.

Eating patterns of the larger fish would change or it would die.
Eating patterns of the cleaner fish would change or it would die.
Cleaner fish and mimic fish would interbreed and become one species.
Food found on the larger fish would increase.

Correct Answer

A. Eating patterns of the cleaner fish would change or it would die.

Explanation

Since mimic fish are able to approach the larger fish and get food from their teeth, the food source for the cleaner fish would decrease. Therefore, the cleaner fish would have to bealbe to find other sources of food or their numbers would decrease.

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7.

A store owner uses an insecticide to eliminate cockroaches in his kitchen. Although the insecticide killed most of the cockroaches when it was first used, after several months, it no longer kills them. What process occurs that causes the insecticide to be ineffective against the cockroaches?

Cloning
Natural selection
Speciation
Succession

Correct Answer

A. Natural selection

Explanation

Natural selection is the process by which the environment "chooses" organisms with traits that help survival. In this case, it would be the cockroaches ability to withstand the insecticide. In time, there would be more and more of these individuals, because those with the trait would survive and be able to have babies who also tend to possess the trait.

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8.

Which of the following does NOT lead to genetic recombination?

Meiosis
Asexual reproduction
Crossing over
Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes

Correct Answer

A. Asexual reproduction

Explanation

Asexual reproduction does not lead to genetic recombination because it involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. In asexual reproduction, there is no exchange or mixing of genetic material between different individuals, so there is no recombination of genes. Instead, offspring are produced through processes such as binary fission or budding, where the genetic material is simply copied and passed on without any variation or rearrangement. Therefore, asexual reproduction is not a mechanism for introducing genetic diversity or recombination into a population.

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9.

Which of the following primarily uses asexual reproduction?

Animals only
Bacteria only
Plants only
Bacteria and plants only

Correct Answer

A. Bacteria only

Explanation

Bacteria primarily uses asexual reproduction. Bacteria reproduce by a process called binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This process allows bacteria to rapidly multiply and colonize new environments. In contrast, animals primarily reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of gametes from two parents. Plants, on the other hand, can reproduce both sexually and asexually, with asexual reproduction methods such as vegetative propagation or budding. Therefore, the correct answer is bacteria only.

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10.

Eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi all share a unicellular prokaryotic ancestor. Which of the following structures played an important role in the development of eukaryotic organisms from prokaryotic organisms?

Nucleus
DNA
Ribosome
Cell membrane

Correct Answer

A. Nucleus

Explanation

This is really asking what makes the eukaryotic cell different form the prokaryotic cell and we all remember that eukaryotes have a nucleus and other complicated organelles, where prokaryotes don't.

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Biology Final Exam Review 2

Why do all mammals have hair on their bodies?

Quiz Preview

An area where a population of wolves lives is getting colder. Even though the wolves do not have predators, they often die as a result of the cold temperatures. In this climate, natural selection should favor individuals that possess which of the following?

Scientists can compare DNA sequences of different species of animals. The species that are most closely related will

A store owner uses an insecticide to eliminate cockroaches in his kitchen. Although the insecticide killed most of the cockroaches when it was first used, after several months, it no longer kills them. What process occurs that causes the insecticide to be ineffective against the cockroaches?

Which of the following does NOT lead to genetic recombination?

Which of the following primarily uses asexual reproduction?

Eukaryotic organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi all share a unicellular prokaryotic ancestor. Which of the following structures played an important role in the development of eukaryotic organisms from prokaryotic organisms?