Biological Bases Of Behavior

The fatty tissue that covers the axons of certain neurons is called the myelin sheath. This sheath acts as an insulating layer, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of neural signals. Without the myelin sheath, the transmission of signals would be slower and less effective. Dopamine, acetylcholine, endorphins, and dendrites are all different components or substances involved in neural function, but they are not specifically responsible for the myelination of axons.

The correct answer is the endocrine system. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by glands in the endocrine system and are released into the bloodstream. They travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they regulate various bodily functions and processes. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating the body's response to internal and external stimuli.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that regulates and coordinates muscle movement. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, posture, and coordination. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain, and uses this information to fine-tune motor movements. Damage to the cerebellum can result in difficulties with motor control, such as problems with balance and coordination.

Spinal nerves belong to the central nervous system because they originate from the spinal cord, which is a major component of the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, and it is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the peripheral nervous system. Spinal nerves transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Therefore, the correct answer is central nervous system.

The correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex is sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron. This sequence starts with the sensory neuron, which receives the sensory input from the environment. The sensory neuron then transmits this information to the interneuron, which processes and integrates the information. Finally, the interneuron sends the signal to the motor neuron, which triggers the appropriate motor response. This sequence allows for the quick and efficient transmission of information and the execution of a reflex action.

The correct answer is temporal because the temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory stimuli. This lobe is located on the sides of the brain, near the temples, and plays a crucial role in hearing, language comprehension, and memory formation. It receives and interprets signals from the ears, allowing us to perceive and understand sound.

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that outnumber neurons in the brain. They play a crucial role in providing nutrients to neurons and removing excess neurotransmitters. Glial cells also support the structure of neurons and help in maintaining the overall functioning of the nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and pupil dilation. It does not directly control voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles, including the leg muscles. Therefore, leg muscles are not changed by the autonomic nervous system.

The thalamus acts as a relay station for information coming from the mid and hind-brains and going to the cortex. It receives sensory information and relays it to the appropriate areas of the cortex for further processing. The thalamus also plays a role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography, which is a brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose. PET scans use a radioactive tracer that is injected into the bloodstream, which allows researchers to track the flow of glucose in the brain. By measuring the levels of glucose uptake, PET scans can provide information about brain activity and metabolism. EEG (Electroencephalography) measures electrical activity in the brain, while fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) provide detailed images of brain structures. However, only PET specifically monitors glucose usage in the brain.

The hypothalamus is the correct answer because it is a region at the base of the brain that plays a crucial role in emotional and physiological motivation. It regulates various bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior. Additionally, the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which further influences emotional and physiological responses. Overall, the hypothalamus is highly involved in the regulation of basic survival behaviors and is a key player in the brain's emotional and motivational systems.

An agonist is a substance that mimics or enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter, in this case dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating movement, motivation, and reward. By mimicking the effect of dopamine, an agonist can stimulate the dopamine receptors in the brain, leading to increased dopamine activity. This can be beneficial in treating conditions such as Parkinson's disease, where there is a deficiency of dopamine. Therefore, the correct answer is agonist.

reticular formation is arousal

The correct answer is hypothalamus. Olds and Miller located "reward centers" in the brain structure known as the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior. It also plays a role in the brain's reward system, which is involved in experiencing pleasure and reinforcing certain behaviors.

The pons is the part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements on the two sides of the body. It is located in the brainstem and acts as a bridge between different parts of the brain. The pons helps to relay signals between the cerebellum and the rest of the brain, allowing for smooth and coordinated movements on both sides of the body.