Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Chordates And Jawless Fishes (Lecture Seven)

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| By Elly Crook

Elly Crook

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 27 | Total Attempts: 10,607

Questions: 15 | Attempts: 106 | Updated: Mar 15, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

What is the name given to the theory that claims that an organism's biological/embryological development parallels its species' evolutionary development?
- A.
  
  Recapitulation Theory
- B.
  
  Summarisation Theory
- C.
  
  Theory of Development
- D.
  
  Embryonical Evolution Theory
Correct Answer
A. Recapitulation Theory

Explanation
Recapitulation Theory is the name given to the theory that claims an organism's biological/embryological development mirrors its species' evolutionary development. This theory suggests that during its development, an organism goes through stages that resemble the evolutionary stages of its ancestors. This theory was proposed by Ernst Haeckel in the late 19th century and has since been revised and refined. It suggests that the development of an organism from embryo to adult can provide insights into its evolutionary history.

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2.

Which of the following Scientists developed the Recapitulation Theory?
- A.
  
  Ernest Haeckel
- B.
  
  Charles Darwin
- C.
  
  Ronald Fisher
- D.
  
  J.S. Haldane
Correct Answer
A. Ernest Haeckel

Explanation
Ernest Haeckel developed the Recapitulation Theory. This theory, also known as the Biogenetic Law, suggests that the development of an organism from embryo to adult recapitulates or mirrors the evolutionary history of its species. Haeckel proposed that the stages of embryonic development in different organisms resemble the adult forms of their evolutionary ancestors, providing evidence for the theory of evolution. His work had a significant impact on the field of evolutionary biology and embryology.

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3.

Name a clade of chordates.HINT: There are two, each with two variations on the name.

Correct Answer
Tunicates
Lancelets
Cephalochordates
Urochordates

Explanation
The correct answer is Tunicates, Lancelets, Cephalochordates, Urochordates. These are all different variations of the clade of chordates. Tunicates and Urochordates refer to the same group of marine animals, which includes sea squirts. Lancelets and Cephalochordates also refer to the same group, which includes small, fish-like marine animals. Both variations of the names are valid and commonly used to describe these clades of chordates.

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4
4.

True or False?All chordates have a notochord.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
All chordates have a notochord. This is because a notochord is a defining characteristic of chordates. It is a flexible rod-like structure that provides support and serves as a precursor to the backbone in vertebrates. While the notochord may be present only during the embryonic stage in some chordates, it is still present in all chordates at some point in their life cycle. Therefore, it is true that all chordates have a notochord.

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5.

Which of the following is true about the notochord of Lancelets/Cephalochordates?
- A.
  
  The notochord measures the entire length of the Lancelet body and lasts its entire life
- B.
  
  The notochord measures the entire length of the Lancelet body but only appears in embryonic development
- C.
  
  The notochord measures a partial length of the Lancelet body and lasts its entire life
- D.
  
  The notochord measures a partial length of the Lancelet body but only appears in embryonic development
Correct Answer
A. The notochord measures the entire length of the Lancelet body and lasts its entire life

Explanation
The notochord of Lancelets/Cephalochordates is a flexible rod-like structure that extends the entire length of the Lancelet body. It is present throughout the entire life of the Lancelet and provides support and structure. This distinguishes Lancelets from other chordates, such as vertebrates, where the notochord is only present during embryonic development and is later replaced by the vertebral column.

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6.

Which of the following is a Lancelet/Cephalochordate?
- A.
  
  This one!
- B.
  
  No, this one.
- C.
  
  It's definitely this one.
- D.
  
  I'm pretty sure crabs are Lancelets?
Correct Answer
A. This one!

Explanation
The correct answer is "This one!" because lancelets, also known as cephalochordates, are a type of marine chordate that have a long, slender body and a notochord that extends the length of their body. The given answer implies that one of the options presented is a lancelet, but without additional information or context, it is not possible to determine which option is being referred to as "this one."

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7.

True or False?A Urochordate/Tunicate has a notochord throughout its entire lifespan.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
They only have a notochord during larval stages.

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8.

Which chordate clade may have ancestral chordates resembled?
- A.
  
  Lancelets/Cephalochordates
- B.
  
  Tunicates/Urochordates
Correct Answer
A. Lancelets/Cephalochordates

Explanation
Lancelets, also known as cephalochordates, are a chordate clade that may have resembled ancestral chordates. These small, fish-like marine animals possess many of the key characteristics of chordates, including a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits. They are considered to be the closest living relatives to the vertebrates and provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of chordates. Tunicates, or urochordates, are another chordate clade but are more derived and have undergone significant evolutionary changes compared to lancelets. Therefore, lancelets/cephalochordates are a more likely candidate for resembling ancestral chordates.

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9.

Check the traits that are commonly associated with vertebrates.
- A.
  
  Rigid, internal skeleton
- B.
  
  2 pairs of appendages
- C.
  
  Anterior skull
- D.
  
  Large brain
- E.
  
  Advanced circulatory system
- F.
  
  Internal organs suspended in large coelom
- G.
  
  Flexible internal skeleton
- H.
  
  Single pair of appendages
- I.
  
  Many pairs of appendages
- J.
  
  Posterior skull
- K.
  
  Small brain
- L.
  
  Simplistic circulatory system
- M.
  
  Acoelomates
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rigid, internal skeleton
B. 2 pairs of appendages
C. Anterior skull
D. Large brain
E. Advanced circulatory system
F. Internal organs suspended in large coelom

Explanation
The traits that are commonly associated with vertebrates include a rigid, internal skeleton, 2 pairs of appendages, an anterior skull, a large brain, an advanced circulatory system, and internal organs suspended in a large coelom. These traits are characteristic of vertebrates and distinguish them from other organisms.

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10.

Name a clade of vertebrates.

Correct Answer(s)
Myxini
Myxinis
Hagfish
Hagfishes
Pentromyzontida
Lamprey

Explanation
The correct answer is Myxini, Myxinis, Hagfish, Hagfishes, Pentromyzontida, Lamprey. These are all names of clades of vertebrates. Myxini refers to the clade that includes hagfish, while Lamprey refers to the clade that includes lampreys. Hagfishes and Pentromyzontida are alternative names for the clade that includes hagfish.

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4
11.

Complete the following sentence:________ were the first vertebrates with mineralised skeletal elements in their mouth and pharynx.

Correct Answer(s)
N/A

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Current Version
Mar 15, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Nov 30, 2015

Quiz Created by
Elly Crook

Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Chordates And Jawless Fishes (Lecture Seven)

What is the name given to the theory that claims that an organism's biological/embryological development parallels its species' evolutionary development?

Which of the following Scientists developed the Recapitulation Theory?

Name a clade of chordates.HINT: There are two, each with two variations on the name.

True or False?All chordates have a notochord.

Which of the following is true about the notochord of Lancelets/Cephalochordates?

Which of the following is a Lancelet/Cephalochordate?

True or False?A Urochordate/Tunicate has a notochord throughout its entire lifespan.

Which chordate clade may have ancestral chordates resembled?

Check the traits that are commonly associated with vertebrates.

Name a clade of vertebrates.

Complete the following sentence:________ were the first vertebrates with mineralised skeletal elements in their mouth and pharynx.