Bentley Ch. 28 Revolutions

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate all of these ideas because they align with conservative principles. The restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon would be supported as it aims to maintain traditional institutions and hierarchy. Limiting suffrage to men of property would be advocated to ensure that only those with a stake in society have a say in political matters. Government support of the established church would be favored to maintain religious and moral values. Censorship would be seen as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest by controlling the spread of radical ideas. Therefore, all of these ideas would be advocated by a political conservative in the nineteenth century.

During the rule of the Convention, French women gained important property rights and the right to a divorce. This means that they were able to own and control their own property, which was a significant advancement in terms of their economic independence. Additionally, they were granted the right to dissolve their marriages through divorce, which gave them more agency and control over their personal lives. These changes marked a significant step towards the recognition of women's rights and equality in French society.

All of the given options are examples of cultural nationalism because they involve aspects related to culture and identity. The study of language and history helps to preserve and promote a specific cultural heritage. Collecting folk songs and fairy tales also contributes to the preservation and celebration of cultural traditions. Anti-Semitism, although negative, is still an example of cultural nationalism as it involves the belief in the superiority of one's own culture or ethnicity. Therefore, all the options provided can be considered as examples of cultural nationalism.

The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces is not a correct explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded. While it is true that the revolutionaries had some support from these foreign forces, it was not a significant factor in the success of the revolution. The main reasons for the revolution's success were the large maroon population supporting the revolution, Toussaint Louverture's effective strategies, and the French army being weakened by yellow fever.

The accusation of treason against Louis XVI was not one of the causes of the French Revolution of 1789. The revolution was primarily driven by factors such as the staggering national debt, resentment at the privileges of the aristocracy, and the extravagance of Marie Antoinette and the court at Versailles. The accusation of treason against Louis XVI came later during the revolution, as a result of his perceived betrayal of the revolutionaries.

Simon Bolivar advocated for popular sovereignty in leading the revolutions of South America. This means that he believed that the power and authority of the government should come from the consent of the people. Instead of being ruled by a foreign colonial power, Bolivar argued that the people of South America should have the right to determine their own government and make decisions that affect their lives. This concept of popular sovereignty was a key principle in the fight for independence and self-determination in South America.

Haiti is the correct answer because slavery was abolished through a revolution rather than by government decree. In 1791, the enslaved population in Haiti rose up against their French colonizers in what became known as the Haitian Revolution. This revolution ultimately led to the abolition of slavery in Haiti in 1804, making it the first independent nation in Latin America and the Caribbean to abolish slavery.

A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate for written constitutions and representative government because these principles align with the values of individual rights, limited government, and equality. Liberals in this time period believed in the importance of establishing a framework of laws and governance that protected the rights and freedoms of individuals, and that allowed for the participation of the people in decision-making through elected representatives. This approach aimed to ensure that power was not concentrated in the hands of a few and that the government was accountable to the people.

Napoleon championed equality under the law but not political freedom. This means that he believed in treating all individuals equally in the eyes of the law, regardless of their social status or background. However, he did not support granting political freedom to everyone, indicating that he may have had restrictions or limitations on certain political rights or freedoms.

The German people united behind King Wilhelm because the wars engineered by Bismarck generated strong nationalist sentiment. These wars, such as the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War, allowed Germany to assert its military power and gain territory. This success and the resulting national pride led the German people to support King Wilhelm and his vision of a unified Germany.

Victory in the Seven Years' War ensured the prosperity of British colonies and that Britain would dominate global trade in the coming century. This means that the British colonies would experience economic growth and success, and Britain would become the leading power in international trade. This outcome suggests that the war had a positive impact on the British Empire and its colonies, solidifying their position in the global economy.

The correct answer is his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus. This event had a profound impact on Herzl and led him to believe that Jews would never be fully accepted in European society. He became convinced that the only solution was for Jews to have their own state, where they could be safe and free from persecution. This experience ultimately led to the development of Herzl's Zionist ideology and his efforts to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.