Test Your Understanding About Atomic Structure

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  • 1/12 Questions

    The structures of five atoms are given in the table below. Determine which pairs are isotopes. Atom No. of neutrons No. of electrons No. of protons P 16 15 15 Q 16 16 16 R 17 15 15 S 17 17 17 T 18 16 16

    • P & R
    • P & S
    • Q & R
    • Q & S
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  • 2. 

    Which of the following statements about the atom is true?

    • No of electrons= no of protons

    • No of protons = no of neutrons

    • No of electrons = no of neutrons

    • No of neutrons = no of protons

    Correct Answer
    A. No of electrons= no of protons
    Explanation
    The statement "no of electrons = no of protons" is true. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. This is because atoms are electrically neutral, meaning they have an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons. The number of neutrons, on the other hand, can vary in different atoms of the same element, resulting in different isotopes.

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  • 3. 

    The nucleon number of chlorine is 35 and its proton number is 17. It can therefore be deduced that the atom has

    • 35 neutrons

    • 18 neutrons

    • 17 neutrons

    • 35 protons and electrons

    Correct Answer
    A. 18 neutrons
    Explanation
    Since the nucleon number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons, and the proton number is the number of protons, we can subtract the proton number from the nucleon number to find the number of neutrons. In this case, 35 (nucleon number) minus 17 (proton number) equals 18 neutrons.

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  • 4. 

    The atoms in the Periodic Table are arranged in terms of

    • Ascending proton numbers

    • Electrons lost

    • Descending proton numbers

    • Electrons gained

    Correct Answer
    A. Ascending proton numbers
    Explanation
    The atoms in the Periodic Table are arranged in terms of ascending proton numbers because the number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number. The atomic number defines the element and its position in the Periodic Table. As we move from left to right across a period, the atomic number increases by one, indicating the addition of one proton to the nucleus. This arrangement allows for a systematic organization of elements based on their properties and helps in predicting the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.

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  • 5. 

    Valence electrons refer to those that

    • Are found in the first electron shell of the atom

    • Are given away by an atom to form an ion

    • Are taken in by the atom

    • Exist in the outermost shell of the atom

    Correct Answer
    A. Exist in the outermost shell of the atom
    Explanation
    Valence electrons are the electrons that exist in the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the atom's reactivity and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following represents the electronic configuration of calcium (atomic number of Ca = 20)?

    • (2, 8, 10)

    • (2, 8, 8, 2)

    • (2, 10, 8)

    • (2, 18)

    Correct Answer
    A. (2, 8, 8, 2)
    Explanation
    The 1st shell can take in 2 electrons; the second shell can take in maximum of 8 electrons; the 3rd shell also can take in maximum of 8 electrons.

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  • 7. 

    Elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have the

    • Same number of electrons

    • Same number of valence electrons

    • The same number of electron shells

    • The same number of filled electron shells

    Correct Answer
    A. Same number of valence electrons
    Explanation
    Elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons because they have similar electron configurations. This similarity in valence electrons allows elements in the same group to have similar chemical properties and react in similar ways.

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  • 8. 

    All isotopes of an element contain

    • The same number of electrons as neutrons

    • The same number of protons as neutrons

    • The same number of neutrons

    • The same number of protons

    Correct Answer
    A. The same number of protons
    Explanation
    All isotopes of an element have the same number of protons because the number of protons determines the element's identity. Isotopes are variants of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons to maintain electrical neutrality. Therefore, the statement "the same number of protons" is the correct answer.

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  • 9. 

    The neutron is a particle that has

    • A mass of 1g, which is the same as that of a proton

    • The same charge as the electron

    • A mass that is approximately that of the proton

    • The same charge as that of the proton

    Correct Answer
    A. A mass that is approximately that of the proton
    Explanation
    Neutrons are particles that have a mass that is approximately the same as that of protons. While the mass of a neutron is not exactly 1g, it is very close to the mass of a proton. Neutrons do not have a charge, unlike protons which have a positive charge, and electrons which have a negative charge. Therefore, the statement that the neutron has a mass that is approximately that of the proton is the correct answer.

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  • 10. 

    The chlorine atom and ion are

    • Chemically identical

    • Have the same number of electrons

    • Isotopes

    • Have the same number of protons

    Correct Answer
    A. Have the same number of protons
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the chlorine atom and ion have the same number of protons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, and they determine the atomic number and identity of an element. Since the chlorine atom and ion are chemically identical, it means they have the same number of protons. This is because an ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, but the number of protons remains the same. Therefore, the chlorine atom and ion have the same number of protons.

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  • 11. 

    The nucleus of an atom

    • Always contains protons and neutrons

    • Is neutral

    • Contains protons only

    • Usually contains protons and neutrons

    Correct Answer
    A. Usually contains protons and neutrons
    Explanation
    The nucleus of hydrogen atom contains only proton.

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  • 12. 

    The sulphur atom contains 16 electrons. It can be deduced that

    • It has 16 valence electrons

    • The atomic mass is 16

    • It is found in group 6

    • It is a metal

    Correct Answer
    A. It has 16 valence electrons
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the number of valence electrons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons in the outermost energy level. Since the sulphur atom contains 16 electrons, we can deduce that it has 16 valence electrons. The other statements in the question are not relevant to the number of valence electrons in the sulphur atom.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 28, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Davincent

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