ARDS - Permissive Hypercapnia

Explanation
Plateau pressure is an important pressure to monitor for the ventilation of "good lung tissue" in an ARDS patient because it reflects the pressure in the alveoli at the end of inspiration when the airway is closed. It provides information about the distending pressure applied to the alveoli and helps assess the risk of lung injury and overdistention. Monitoring plateau pressure can guide clinicians in adjusting ventilator settings to optimize lung recruitment and minimize the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury.

Explanation
Permissive hypercapnia is a deliberate strategy of allowing higher levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) to accumulate in the blood during mechanical ventilation. This approach is used to avoid lung overdistension and injury, particularly in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By allowing the carbon dioxide levels to rise, the ventilatory support can be limited, reducing the risk of lung damage. This technique is often employed when traditional ventilation strategies are not effective or may cause harm.

Explanation
Fluffy infiltrates are a common abnormality found on chest X-rays of patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is a condition characterized by inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. Fluffy infiltrates refer to patchy areas of increased density in the lung fields, indicating the presence of fluid or inflammation. These infiltrates are seen due to the leakage of fluid into the air spaces of the lungs, causing them to appear hazy or fluffy on the X-ray.

Explanation
Singultus, also known as hiccups, is not a common cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is typically caused by conditions such as sepsis, pneumonia, and poisoning. While hiccups can be a symptom of underlying medical conditions, they are not directly associated with the development of ARDS.

Explanation
ARDS is a shunt disease. Shunt refers to the abnormal flow of blood or other fluid in the body. In the case of ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), there is a shunting of blood in the lungs, meaning that blood bypasses the normal oxygen exchange process. This shunting leads to reduced oxygenation of the blood and can result in severe respiratory failure. Therefore, the correct answer is "Shunt."

Explanation
The statement "ALI eventually results in left heart failure" is false. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the lungs. It is not directly related to left heart failure. Left heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the left side of the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. While ALI can lead to respiratory failure and potentially affect the heart, it does not necessarily result in left heart failure.

Explanation
The main goal when ventilating an ARDS patient is to recruit lung tissue. ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is a condition in which the lungs become severely inflamed and filled with fluid, leading to difficulty in breathing. Ventilation aims to improve oxygenation and remove carbon dioxide by delivering oxygen-rich air to the lungs. By recruiting lung tissue, the ventilation process helps to open up collapsed or poorly functioning alveoli, improving gas exchange and overall lung function. This can help alleviate the symptoms of ARDS and support the patient's respiratory system.

Explanation
ARDS is not an obstructive disease. ARDS stands for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which is a condition characterized by severe lung inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs. It is a non-obstructive disease that impairs the ability of the lungs to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.