AP English Literature And Composition Exam Prep Test

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AP English Literature And Composition Exam Prep Test - Quiz

When students study literature, they learn to appreciate words and their power. They travel to other realms and times through the texts they read and understand their own culture and others. Below is a multiple-choice quiz on literary terms found on the AP English Literature and Composition exam. Give it a try and get to refresh your memory to better prepare for the final exam.

Questions and Answers

1.

repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
- A.
  
  Assonance
- B.
  
  Alliteration
- C.
  
  Simile
- D.
  
  Metaphor
Correct Answer
B. Alliteration

Explanation
Alliteration is the correct answer because it refers to the repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words. This literary device is often used to create rhythm, emphasize certain words or phrases, and make the language more memorable and engaging. Examples of alliteration include "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers" and "She sells seashells by the seashore." Assonance, simile, and metaphor are not the correct answers as they refer to different literary devices.

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2.

Art of effective communication, especially persuasive discourse.
- A.
  
  Rhetoric
- B.
  
  Allusion
- C.
  
  Style
- D.
  
  Mood
Correct Answer
A. Rhetoric

Explanation
Rhetoric refers to the art of effective communication, particularly persuasive discourse. It involves using language and persuasive techniques to influence or persuade an audience. Rhetoric encompasses the use of rhetorical devices, such as metaphors, analogies, and appeals to emotion, to make arguments more compelling and convincing. It is an important skill in public speaking, writing, and debate, as it allows individuals to effectively convey their ideas and opinions to others.

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3.

a “play on words” based on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things.
- A.
  
  Metonymy
- B.
  
  Metaphor
- C.
  
  Oxymoron
- D.
  
  Pun
Correct Answer
D. Pun

Explanation
A pun is a form of wordplay that relies on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but have different meanings. It involves using wordplay to create humor or a clever play on words. In a pun, the intended meaning of a word is often substituted with a similar-sounding word that has a different meaning, leading to a humorous or witty effect.

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4.

a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth.
- A.
  
  Paradox
- B.
  
  Irony
- C.
  
  Onomatopoeia
- D.
  
  Simile
Correct Answer
A. Paradox

Explanation
A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory but actually reveals a deeper truth. It presents a situation or idea that goes against common sense or expectations, yet upon closer examination, it holds a certain logic or validity. Paradoxes often challenge our understanding and force us to think critically. They can be found in literature, philosophy, and everyday life, offering insights and provoking contemplation on complex concepts.

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5.

a work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writer’s style.
- A.
  
  Satire
- B.
  
  Farce
- C.
  
  Parody
- D.
  
  Fable
Correct Answer
C. Parody

Explanation
Parody is a form of literature or art that mocks or imitates another work by mimicking its style, tone, or content. It often exaggerates or distorts elements of the original work to create humor or critique. Unlike satire, which uses irony and wit to comment on societal issues, parody focuses on imitating and mocking specific works or genres. Farce is a type of comedy characterized by exaggerated and absurd situations, while a fable is a short fictional story that teaches a moral lesson. Therefore, parody is the most fitting term for a work that imitates another work's style for comedic effect.

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6.

poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit.
- A.
  
  Parallel structure
- B.
  
  Rhetorical question
- C.
  
  Simile
- D.
  
  Juxtaposition
Correct Answer
D. Juxtaposition

Explanation
Juxtaposition is a poetic and rhetorical device that involves placing normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases next to each other. This creates a surprising and witty effect. It is different from parallel structure, which involves using grammatically similar structures in a sentence. It is also different from a rhetorical question, which is a question asked for effect rather than to elicit a response. Lastly, it is not a simile, which is a figure of speech that compares two things using "like" or "as".

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7.

a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles.
- A.
  
  Simile
- B.
  
  Metaphor
- C.
  
  Paradox
- D.
  
  Juxtaposition
Correct Answer
B. Metaphor

Explanation
A metaphor is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using specific words of comparison. It creates a direct association between the two, implying that they share similar qualities or characteristics. Unlike a simile, which uses words such as "like" or "as" to make the comparison more explicit, a metaphor relies on the reader or listener to understand the implied comparison. This can create a more powerful and evocative effect in the language or imagery being used. A paradox is a statement or situation that seems contradictory or absurd but may actually be true or make sense. Juxtaposition refers to the placement of two contrasting or opposing elements side by side for comparison or contrast.

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8.

the author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character’s private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the characters effect on other people (showing how other characters feel or behave toward the character), or by showing the character in action. Common in modern literature
- A.
  
  Irony
- B.
  
  Dramatic irony
- C.
  
  Indirect characterization
- D.
  
  Direct characterization
Correct Answer
C. Indirect characterization

Explanation
Indirect characterization is a method used by the author to reveal the character's traits and personality through their actions, thoughts, and interactions with others. Instead of explicitly stating the character's qualities, the author allows the reader to infer them based on the character's behavior and the way they are perceived by others. This technique is commonly used in modern literature to create more complex and realistic characters.

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9.

in general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters.
- A.
  
  Tragedy
- B.
  
  Farce
- C.
  
  Comedy
- D.
  
  Satire
Correct Answer
C. Comedy

Explanation
A comedy is a type of story that typically ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters. It often involves humorous and light-hearted elements, with the intention of entertaining the audience and leaving them feeling uplifted. Unlike tragedies, which usually end in sadness or disaster, comedies aim to bring joy and laughter to the viewers or readers. Therefore, the given answer, comedy, aligns with the description provided.

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10.

a speaker or writer’s choice of words.
- A.
  
  Diction
- B.
  
  Tone
- C.
  
  Mood
- D.
  
  Style
Correct Answer
A. Diction

Explanation
Diction refers to the specific choice of words that a speaker or writer uses. It involves selecting words that are appropriate for the intended audience and purpose of the communication. Diction can vary depending on the context, and can greatly impact the overall tone and style of a piece of writing or speech. It is an essential element in effectively conveying meaning and creating a desired impact on the audience.

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11.

A character who acts as contrast to another character. Often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting the hero.
- A.
  
  Antihero
- B.
  
  Protagonist
- C.
  
  Antagonist
- D.
  
  Foil
Correct Answer
D. Foil

Explanation
A foil is a character who is used to contrast another character. They often serve as a funny sidekick to the main hero or as a villain who contrasts the hero. This character helps to highlight the qualities and characteristics of the main character by providing a contrasting perspective or behavior. They can enhance the storytelling by creating tension or adding comedic relief.

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12.

a figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement, for effect. “If I told you once, I’ve told you a million times….”
- A.
  
  Understatement
- B.
  
  Tone
- C.
  
  Satire
- D.
  
  Hyperbole
Correct Answer
D. Hyperbole

Explanation
Hyperbole is the correct answer because it is a figure of speech that involves extreme exaggeration or overstatement. In the given example, the phrase "If I told you once, I've told you a million times" is an exaggerated statement used to emphasize the speaker's frustration or annoyance. Hyperbole is often used for dramatic effect or to create emphasis in writing or speech.

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13.

a figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it. “We requested from the crown support for our petition.” The crown is used to represent the monarch.
- A.
  
  Oxymoron
- B.
  
  Metonymy
- C.
  
  Metaphor
- D.
  
  Simile
Correct Answer
B. Metonymy

Explanation
Metonymy is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is used to represent something closely related to it. In the given example, "the crown" is used to represent the monarch. The crown is closely associated with the monarch, symbolizing their power and authority. Therefore, metonymy is the correct answer as it accurately describes the use of a word closely associated with the person or thing being referred to.

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14.

An atmosphere created by a writer’s diction and the details selected.
- A.
  
  Tone
- B.
  
  Setting
- C.
  
  Mood
- D.
  
  Style
Correct Answer
C. Mood

Explanation
Mood refers to the emotional atmosphere that is created by a writer's choice of words and the details they include in their writing. It is the overall feeling or vibe that the reader gets while reading a piece of literature. The writer's diction and the specific details they select help to establish the mood of the writing. The mood can be happy, sad, mysterious, suspenseful, or any other emotion that the writer wants to convey to the reader. It sets the tone and creates a certain atmosphere that influences the reader's experience and interpretation of the text.

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15.

one of the characters tells the story.
- A.
  
  Third person point of view
- B.
  
  First pierson point of view
- C.
  
  Omniscient point of view
- D.
  
  Objective point of view
Correct Answer
B. First pierson point of view

Explanation
The correct answer is "first person point of view." This means that the story is being narrated by one of the characters in the story. The narrator uses pronouns like "I" and "me" to tell the story from their own perspective. This point of view allows the reader to have direct insight into the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of the narrator.

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16.

an unknown narrator, tells the story, but this narrator zooms in to focus on the thoughts and feelings of only one character.
- A.
  
  Third person point of view
- B.
  
  First person point of view
- C.
  
  Omniscient point of view
- D.
  
  Objective point of view
Correct Answer
A. Third person point of view

Explanation
The given correct answer is third person point of view. In this point of view, an unknown narrator tells the story and focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character. This means that the narrator is not a character in the story and is able to provide insight into the inner workings of one character's mind. This allows the reader to have a deeper understanding of that character's perspective while still maintaining a sense of objectivity.

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17.

an all knowing narrator tells the story, also using the third person pronouns. This narrator, instead of focusing on one character only, often tells us everything about many characters.
- A.
  
  Third person point of view
- B.
  
  First person point of view
- C.
  
  Omniscient point of view
- D.
  
  Objective point of view
Correct Answer
C. Omniscient point of view

Explanation
The correct answer is omniscient point of view. In this type of narration, the narrator has knowledge of all the characters and events in the story. They can provide insights into the thoughts, feelings, and actions of multiple characters, rather than focusing on just one. The use of third person pronouns also indicates that the narrator is not a character in the story, but an all-knowing observer.

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18.

a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.
- A.
  
  Third person point of view
- B.
  
  First person point of view
- C.
  
  Omniscient point of view
- D.
  
  Objective point of view
Correct Answer
D. Objective point of view

Explanation
In an objective point of view, the narrator remains impartial and presents the story without any personal opinions or judgments. They do not provide any insight into the thoughts or feelings of the characters, and simply report the events as they occur. This allows the reader to form their own interpretations and draw their own conclusions about the story and its characters.

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19.

a figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.
- A.
  
  Personification
- B.
  
  Metonymy
- C.
  
  Polysyndeton
- D.
  
  Metaphor
Correct Answer
A. Personification

Explanation
Personification is a figure of speech that attributes human characteristics or qualities to non-human objects or animals. It is used to make these objects or animals more relatable or to create a vivid image in the reader's mind. In this case, the correct answer is personification because it perfectly fits the definition given in the question.

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20.

a poem consisting of four lines, or four lines of a poem that can be considered as a unit.
- A.
  
  Couplet
- B.
  
  Quatrain
- C.
  
  Lyric poem
- D.
  
  Confessional poetry
Correct Answer
B. Quatrain

Explanation
A quatrain is a type of poem consisting of four lines. Each line in a quatrain can have a specific rhyme scheme, such as AABB or ABAB. Quatrains can also be considered as a unit within a longer poem, often containing a complete thought or idea. This distinguishes it from a couplet, which consists of only two lines, and a lyric poem, which is a type of poem that expresses personal emotions or feelings. Confessional poetry, on the other hand, is a genre of poetry that focuses on the personal experiences and thoughts of the poet.

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21.

a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself.
- A.
  
  Simile
- B.
  
  Theme
- C.
  
  Symbol
- D.
  
  Metonymy
Correct Answer
C. Symbol

Explanation
A symbol is a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and also represents or stands for something beyond its literal definition. Symbols are often used in literature, art, and communication to convey deeper meanings or ideas. They can evoke emotions, convey abstract concepts, or represent larger themes or ideas. Symbols can be objects, actions, or even characters that carry symbolic significance and add depth and richness to the overall message or narrative.

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22.

the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization.
- A.
  
  Mood
- B.
  
  Style
- C.
  
  Tone
- D.
  
  Setting
Correct Answer
C. Tone

Explanation
Tone refers to the attitude that a writer conveys towards the subject, characters, or audience in a piece of writing. It is revealed through the use of diction, figurative language, and organization. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, humorous, or any other emotion that the writer wants to evoke in the reader. It sets the overall atmosphere and emotional response of the reader towards the writing.

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23.

the insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work.
- A.
  
  Motif
- B.
  
  Theme
- C.
  
  Justaposition
- D.
  
  Diction
Correct Answer
B. Theme

Explanation
The correct answer is "theme." In literature, theme refers to the central idea or message that the author wants to convey about human life or society. It is the underlying concept that ties the story together and provides deeper meaning. Unlike motif, which is a recurring symbol or theme within the story, theme is the overall insight or perspective on life that the author wants to share with the reader. Juxtaposition refers to the placement of two contrasting elements side by side for emphasis, while diction refers to the author's choice of words.

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24.

story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities.
- A.
  
  Parable
- B.
  
  Satire
- C.
  
  Allegory
- D.
  
  Farce
Correct Answer
C. Allegory

Explanation
An allegory is a story or poem in which characters, settings, and events symbolically represent other people, events, or abstract ideas. It is a literary device used to convey a deeper meaning or moral message. Unlike a parable, which typically focuses on a single moral lesson, an allegory can explore multiple layers of meaning and often requires interpretation. Satire, on the other hand, uses humor and irony to criticize or ridicule individuals or society. Farce is a comedic genre characterized by exaggerated and improbable situations.

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25.

Opponent who struggles against or blocks the hero in a story.
- A.
  
  Antagonist
- B.
  
  Protagonist
- C.
  
  Epithet
- D.
  
  Foil
Correct Answer
A. Antagonist

Explanation
The correct answer is "antagonist." In a story, the antagonist is the character who opposes or creates obstacles for the hero or protagonist. They are often portrayed as the main source of conflict and are essential in driving the plot forward. The antagonist's actions and motivations are in direct contrast with those of the protagonist, creating tension and suspense in the narrative.

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26.

attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object
- A.
  
  Hyperbole
- B.
  
  Aphorism
- C.
  
  Anthropomorphism
- D.
  
  Characterization
Correct Answer
C. Anthropomorphism

Explanation
Anthropomorphism refers to the act of attributing human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects. This can involve giving them human-like emotions, thoughts, or behaviors. It is a common literary device used to make non-human entities more relatable and understandable to human audiences. In this context, hyperbole refers to exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally, aphorism refers to a concise and memorable statement of truth or principle, and characterization refers to the process of creating and developing a fictional character. However, anthropomorphism specifically addresses the act of humanizing non-human entities.

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27.

the author tells us explicitly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.
- A.
  
  Direct characterization
- B.
  
  Indirect characterization
- C.
  
  Static character
- D.
  
  Dynamic character
Correct Answer
A. Direct characterization

Explanation
Direct characterization is the correct answer because the author explicitly tells the readers what the character is like. The author provides specific details about the character's traits, such as being sneaky, generous, and mean to pets. This form of characterization is commonly used in romantic style literature, where the author directly describes the character's qualities and characteristics.

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28.

the associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition.
- A.
  
  Diction
- B.
  
  Tone
- C.
  
  Connotation
- D.
  
  Mood
Correct Answer
C. Connotation

Explanation
Connotation refers to the associations and emotional overtones that are associated with a word or phrase, beyond its literal definition. It includes the feelings, attitudes, and cultural meanings that have become attached to the word over time. This goes beyond the basic dictionary definition of a word and helps to shape the overall meaning and impact of the language used.

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29.

is one who changes in some important way as a result of the story’s action.
- A.
  
  Foil
- B.
  
  Static character
- C.
  
  Dynamic character
- D.
  
  Protagonist
Correct Answer
C. Dynamic character

Explanation
A dynamic character is one who undergoes significant changes or growth throughout the story as a result of the actions and events that occur. These changes can be emotional, psychological, or behavioral, and they often lead to a transformation in the character's beliefs, values, or personality. Unlike static characters who remain unchanged, dynamic characters experience personal development and evolve in response to the story's events. They may start off with certain traits or perspectives, but through their experiences, they evolve and adapt, making them more complex and interesting.

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30.

is one who does not change much in the course of a story.
- A.
  
  Foil
- B.
  
  Static character
- C.
  
  Dynamic character
- D.
  
  Protagonist
Correct Answer
B. Static character

Explanation
A static character is someone who remains unchanged throughout the story. They do not undergo any significant character development or growth. Instead, they maintain the same traits, beliefs, and behaviors from the beginning to the end of the narrative. Unlike dynamic characters who experience personal transformation or growth, static characters serve as a contrast or foil to the other characters in the story. They provide stability and consistency, allowing the reader to better understand the changes happening around them.

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31.

two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry.
- A.
  
  Couplet
- B.
  
  Quatrain
- C.
  
  Meter
- D.
  
  Sextet
Correct Answer
A. Couplet

Explanation
A couplet is a pair of consecutive rhyming lines of poetry. It is a form of poetry that consists of two lines that usually have the same meter and rhyme scheme. In a couplet, the two lines work together to convey a complete thought or idea. This form of poetry is commonly used in sonnets and other types of poetry.

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32.

Deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way- this is done on purpose by the author, when it is not done on purpose, it is vagueness, and detracts from the work.
- A.
  
  Situational irony
- B.
  
  Ambiguity
- C.
  
  Juxtaposition
- D.
  
  Anthropomorphism
Correct Answer
B. Ambiguity

Explanation
Ambiguity refers to deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. It is a technique used by authors to create an event or situation that can be interpreted in more than one way. This adds depth and complexity to the work, allowing readers to engage with different perspectives and interpretations. When ambiguity is not intentional, it is considered vagueness, which can detract from the overall impact of the work.

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33.

an adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequentlyused to emphasize a characteristic quality. “Father of our country” and “the great Emancipator” are examples.
- A.
  
  Epithet
- B.
  
  Foil
- C.
  
  Analogy
- D.
  
  Allegory
Correct Answer
A. Epithet

Explanation
An epithet is an adjective or adjective phrase that is used to emphasize a characteristic quality of a person or thing. It is frequently used to give a nickname or a descriptive title to someone or something. Examples of epithets include "Father of our country" and "the great Emancipator."

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34.

a type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations.
- A.
  
  Farce
- B.
  
  Parable
- C.
  
  Satire
- D.
  
  Allegory
Correct Answer
A. Farce

Explanation
A farce is a type of comedy that involves ridiculous and often stereotyped characters in silly and far-fetched situations. In a farce, the humor is derived from the absurdity and exaggerated nature of the characters and their actions. This type of comedy often relies on physical comedy, mistaken identities, and misunderstandings to create humorous situations. Farces are known for their fast-paced and chaotic nature, with the aim of entertaining the audience through laughter and amusement.

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35.

the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience.
- A.
  
  Symbol
- B.
  
  Imagery
- C.
  
  Simile
- D.
  
  Hyperbole
Correct Answer
B. Imagery

Explanation
Imagery refers to the use of language that creates a vivid mental picture or sensation. It is a literary technique that appeals to the reader's senses and helps them visualize and experience the subject being described. This can be achieved through the use of descriptive words, sensory details, and figurative language. Imagery adds depth and richness to a piece of writing, making it more engaging and memorable for the reader.

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36.

occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else.
- A.
  
  Verbal irony
- B.
  
  Situational irony
- C.
  
  Dramatic irony
- D.
  
  Satire
Correct Answer
A. Verbal irony

Explanation
Verbal irony is the correct answer because it refers to a situation where someone says one thing but actually means the opposite. This form of irony is often used to create humor or sarcasm in conversations or written texts. It involves the use of words to convey a different meaning than what is literally being said.

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37.

takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen.
- A.
  
  Verbal irony
- B.
  
  Situational irony
- C.
  
  Dramatic irony
- D.
  
  Satire
Correct Answer
B. Situational irony

Explanation
Situational irony occurs when there is a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. In this case, the situation turns out differently than what was anticipated or appropriate. This is different from verbal irony, which involves saying the opposite of what is meant, dramatic irony, which occurs when the audience knows something the characters do not, and satire, which uses humor to criticize or mock something.

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38.

is so called because it is often used on stage. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better.
- A.
  
  Verbal irony
- B.
  
  Situational irony
- C.
  
  Dramatic irony
- D.
  
  Satire
Correct Answer
C. Dramatic irony

Explanation
Dramatic irony is the correct answer because it is a type of irony that occurs when the audience or reader knows something that the character in a play or story does not. In this case, the character believes something to be true, but the audience or reader is aware that it is actually false. This creates tension and often leads to humorous or suspenseful situations.

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39.

a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme.
- A.
  
  Theme
- B.
  
  Motif
- C.
  
  Symbol
- D.
  
  Foreshadowing
Correct Answer
B. Motif

Explanation
A motif is a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author). It serves to unify the work by connecting the current situation to previous ones or introducing new ideas related to the theme. Unlike a symbol, which represents something abstract or deeper meaning, a motif is more concrete and can be easily identified and traced throughout the work. The use of motifs adds depth and complexity to the narrative, enhancing the overall meaning and cohesion of the work.

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40.

the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures.
- A.
  
  Motif
- B.
  
  Metonymy
- C.
  
  Rhetoric
- D.
  
  Parallel structure
Correct Answer
D. Parallel structure

Explanation
Parallel structure refers to the repetition of words or phrases in a sentence that have similar grammatical structures. This technique is used to create balance and rhythm in writing, making it easier to read and understand. By using parallel structure, the writer can emphasize certain ideas and create a sense of coherence and unity in their writing.

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41.

the reasons for a character’s behavior.
- A.
  
  Foreshadowing
- B.
  
  Characterization
- C.
  
  Irony
- D.
  
  Motivation
Correct Answer
D. Motivation

Explanation
Motivation refers to the underlying reasons or desires that drive a character's behavior. It explains why a character acts in a certain way, based on their goals, values, or emotions. Understanding a character's motivation helps the reader to comprehend their actions and decisions throughout the story. It provides insight into their personality and helps to create a more realistic and relatable character.

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42.

a type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change.
- A.
  
  Parable
- B.
  
  Satire
- C.
  
  Parody
- D.
  
  Elegy
Correct Answer
B. Satire

Explanation
Satire is a type of writing that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize and mock the flaws, vices, or foolishness of individuals, groups, or institutions. It aims to bring about change by exposing and ridiculing these shortcomings in a satirical manner. Satire often uses wit and sarcasm to highlight societal issues and provoke thought or action. It is a powerful tool that challenges the status quo and encourages reflection and reform.

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43.

a statement that says less than what is meant. Example: During the second war with Iraq, American troops complained of a fierce sand storm that made even the night-vision equipment useless. A British commando commented about the storm: “It’s a bit breezy.”
- A.
  
  Ambiguity
- B.
  
  Oxymoron
- C.
  
  Understatement
- D.
  
  Hyperbole
Correct Answer
C. Understatement

Explanation
Understatement is the correct answer because it refers to a statement that downplays or minimizes the true extent or importance of something. In the given example, the British commando's comment of "It's a bit breezy" is an understatement because it trivializes the severity of the sand storm that the American troops were facing during the war.

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44.

reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.).
- A.
  
  Theme
- B.
  
  Solioquy
- C.
  
  Refrain
- D.
  
  Allusion
Correct Answer
D. Allusion

Explanation
An allusion is a reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. It is an indirect reference to something, often from literature or other forms of art. It allows the author to add depth and complexity to their work by invoking familiar ideas or characters that the reader is expected to recognize.

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45.

calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation.
- A.
  
  Personification
- B.
  
  Soliloquy
- C.
  
  Apostrophe
- D.
  
  Monologue
Correct Answer
C. Apostrophe

Explanation
An apostrophe is a figure of speech where the speaker directly addresses someone or something that is not present or is unable to respond. In this case, the speaker is calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. It is different from personification, which is giving human characteristics to non-human objects or ideas. A soliloquy is a speech where a character speaks their thoughts aloud, usually when they are alone on stage. A monologue is a long speech by one character in a play or movie.

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46.

conflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine or between a person a whole society.
- A.
  
  Foil
- B.
  
  Internal conflict
- C.
  
  External conflict
- D.
  
  Ambiguity
Correct Answer
C. External conflict

Explanation
External conflict refers to a conflict that occurs between a person and an external force, such as another person, nature, or a machine. In this context, conflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine, or between a person and a whole society. This type of conflict often involves a struggle or disagreement between the protagonist and an external force, creating tension and driving the plot forward. It can include physical confrontations, clashes of beliefs or values, or struggles against the forces of nature.

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47.

a conflict involving opposing forces within a person’s mind.
- A.
  
  Internal conflict
- B.
  
  External conflict
- C.
  
  Antagonist
- D.
  
  Metonymy
Correct Answer
A. Internal conflict

Explanation
Internal conflict refers to a struggle or disagreement that takes place within a person's mind. It involves conflicting emotions, thoughts, or desires that create tension and uncertainty. This can occur when a person is torn between two choices, has conflicting beliefs, or experiences inner turmoil. It is different from an external conflict, which involves a struggle between a person and an outside force. In the given context, the correct answer is internal conflict because it accurately describes a conflict that occurs within a person's mind.

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48.

a long narrative poem, written in heightened language , which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society.
- A.
  
  Epic
- B.
  
  Soliloquy
- C.
  
  Monologue
- D.
  
  Lyric poem
Correct Answer
A. Epic

Explanation
An epic is a long narrative poem that is written in heightened language. It recounts the deeds of a heroic character who represents and embodies the values of a specific society. Epics often involve grand adventures, battles, and supernatural elements. They serve as a reflection of the cultural and historical values of the society in which they are written.

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49.

a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth.
- A.
  
  Situational irony
- B.
  
  Metaphor
- C.
  
  Analogy
- D.
  
  Paradox
Correct Answer
D. Paradox

Explanation
A paradox is a statement that seems contradictory but actually reveals a deeper truth. It often presents a situation or idea that goes against common sense or expectations. Paradoxes are used to provoke thought and challenge conventional wisdom. They can be found in literature, philosophy, and everyday life. Examples of paradoxes include "Less is more" and "What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young."

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50.

a figure of speech that makes an explicitly comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like, as , than, or resembles.
- A.
  
  Metaphor
- B.
  
  Simile
- C.
  
  Analogy
- D.
  
  Allegory
Correct Answer
B. Simile

Explanation
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things using words such as "like," "as," "than," or "resembles." Unlike a metaphor, which directly states that one thing is another, a simile uses explicit comparison words to make the comparison. For example, "Her smile is like sunshine" is a simile because it compares the smile to sunshine using the word "like."

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AP English Literature And Composition Exam Prep Test

repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Art of effective communication, especially persuasive discourse.

a “play on words” based on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things.

a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth.

a work that makes fun of another work by imitating some aspect of the writer’s style.

poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit.

a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles.

in general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflicts faced by the main character or characters.

a speaker or writer’s choice of words.

A character who acts as contrast to another character. Often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting the hero.

a figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement, for effect. “If I told you once, I’ve told you a million times….”

a figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it. “We requested from the crown support for our petition.” The crown is used to represent the monarch.

An atmosphere created by a writer’s diction and the details selected.

one of the characters tells the story.

an unknown narrator, tells the story, but this narrator zooms in to focus on the thoughts and feelings of only one character.

an all knowing narrator tells the story, also using the third person pronouns. This narrator, instead of focusing on one character only, often tells us everything about many characters.

a narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.

a figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.

a poem consisting of four lines, or four lines of a poem that can be considered as a unit.

a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself.

the attitude a writer takes toward the subject of a work, the characters in it, or the audience, revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization.

the insight about human life that is revealed in a literary work.

story or poem in which characters, settings, and events stand for other people or events or for abstract ideas or qualities.

Opponent who struggles against or blocks the hero in a story.

attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object

the author tells us explicitly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.

the associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition.

is one who changes in some important way as a result of the story’s action.

is one who does not change much in the course of a story.

two consecutive rhyming lines of poetry.

Deliberately suggesting two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work. An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way- this is done on purpose by the author, when it is not done on purpose, it is vagueness, and detracts from the work.

an adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequentlyused to emphasize a characteristic quality. “Father of our country” and “the great Emancipator” are examples.

a type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations.

the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience.

occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else.

takes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen.

is so called because it is often used on stage. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better.

a recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme.

the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures.

the reasons for a character’s behavior.

a type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change.

a statement that says less than what is meant. Example: During the second war with Iraq, American troops complained of a fierce sand storm that made even the night-vision equipment useless. A British commando commented about the storm: “It’s a bit breezy.”

reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or another branch of culture. An indirect reference to something (usually from literature, etc.).

calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an invocation.

conflicts can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine or between a person a whole society.

a conflict involving opposing forces within a person’s mind.

a long narrative poem, written in heightened language , which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society.

a statement that appears self-contradictory, but that reveals a kind of truth.

a figure of speech that makes an explicitly comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like, as , than, or resembles.