AP Biology Test On Mitosis And Meiosis! Trivia Quiz
Cell division occurs in two major ways, and the difference between the two is the results of the processes. While cells resulting from mitosis are diploid, those resulting from meiosis are haploid. In this AP biology test on mitosis and meiosis, you will get to review what you understand about the two processes and how they occur within living things.
- 1.
The centromere is a region in which:
- A.
Chromatids are attached to one another.
- B.
Metaphase chromosomes become aligned.
- C.
Chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
- D.
The nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
- E.
New spindle microtubules form.
Correct Answer
A. Chromatids are attached to one another.Explanation
The centromere is a region in which chromatids are attached to one another. During cell division, the chromosomes replicate and each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids held together at the centromere. This attachment is crucial for the proper separation of chromatids during mitosis or meiosis. The centromere plays a vital role in ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is a chromatid?
- A.
A chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle
- B.
A replicated chromosome
- C.
A chromosome found outside the nucleus
- D.
A special region that holds two centromeres together
- E.
Another name for the chromosomes found in genetics
Correct Answer
B. A replicated chromosomeExplanation
A chromatid refers to a replicated chromosome, which is formed during the S phase of the cell cycle when DNA replication occurs. Each chromatid contains an identical copy of the DNA molecule and is held together at the centromere with its sister chromatid. During cell division, the sister chromatids separate and become individual chromosomes. Therefore, a chromatid is not a chromosome in G1 of the cell cycle, a chromosome found outside the nucleus, a special region that holds two centromeres together, or another name for the chromosomes found in genetics.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes?
- A.
12
- B.
16
- C.
23
- D.
46
- E.
92
Correct Answer
D. 46Explanation
During metaphase of mitosis, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Therefore, if a cell contains 92 chromatids at metaphase, it means it has 46 chromosomes (92 chromatids divided by 2 chromatids per chromosome). At the completion of mitosis, each of the two resulting daughter cells will contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which is 46 chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by which process?
- A.
Meiosis
- B.
Mitosis
- C.
Replication
- D.
Cytokinesis alone
- E.
Binary fission
Correct Answer
B. MitosisExplanation
The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by mitosis. Mitosis is a process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is responsible for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Unlike meiosis, which is involved in the formation of gametes (sex cells), mitosis is responsible for the division of non-reproductive cells. Replication refers to the duplication of DNA, while cytokinesis alone refers to the separation of the cytoplasm after cell division. Binary fission is a process of cell division in prokaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is a genome?
- A.
The complete complement of an organism's genes
- B.
A specific sequence of polypeptides within each cell
- C.
A specialized polymer of four different kinds of monomers
- D.
A specific segment of DNA that is found within a prokaryotic chromosome
- E.
An ordered display of chromosomes arranged from largest to smallest
Correct Answer
A. The complete complement of an organism's genesExplanation
A genome refers to the complete complement of an organism's genes. It includes all the genetic material present in an organism, including both coding and non-coding regions of DNA. Genes are the units of inheritance that determine the traits and characteristics of an organism, and the genome encompasses all of these genes. Therefore, the correct answer is "the complete complement of an organism's genes."Rate this question:
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- 6.
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in that
- A.
Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%.
- B.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring.
- C.
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two.
- D.
Asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis.
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction are different in multiple ways. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. Additionally, individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually only transmit 50%. Lastly, asexual reproduction only requires mitosis, while sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. Therefore, all of the above options correctly describe the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is a karyotype?
- A.
The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual
- B.
The collection of all the mutations present within a genome
- C.
A unique combination of chromosomes found in a gamete
- D.
A system of classifying cell nuclei
- E.
A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape
Correct Answer
E. A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shapeExplanation
A karyotype is a display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape. It provides a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, allowing for the identification of any abnormalities or genetic disorders. By examining the karyotype, geneticists can determine the number, size, and structure of chromosomes present in an individual's cells. This information is useful in diagnosing and studying genetic disorders, as well as in understanding the genetic makeup of an individual.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The human X and Y chromosomes are
- A.
Both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike.
- B.
Of approximately equal size.
- C.
Almost entirely homologous, despite their different names.
- D.
Called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. Called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.Explanation
The human X and Y chromosomes are called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex. This is because females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is that the X and Y chromosomes are called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.Rate this question:
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- 9.
If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have?
- A.
6
- B.
12
- C.
24
- D.
48
- E.
64
Correct Answer
B. 12Explanation
Sperm cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as the somatic cells. In this case, since the liver cells have 24 chromosomes, the sperm cells would have half of that, which is 12 chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
- A.
The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes.
- B.
The species has 16 sets of chromosomes.
- C.
There are 8 homologous pairs.
- D.
During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.
- E.
A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes.
Correct Answer
C. There are 8 homologous pairs.Explanation
A species with a chromosome number of 2n = 16 means that it has 16 chromosomes in total, with each chromosome having a homologous pair. Therefore, there are 8 homologous pairs in this species.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes?
- A.
An unfertilized egg cell
- B.
A sperm cell
- C.
A male somatic cell
- D.
A female somatic cell
- E.
Both A and D
Correct Answer
D. A female somatic cellExplanation
A female somatic cell is the correct answer because it is the only option that fits the description of having 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes. An unfertilized egg cell and a sperm cell each contain only half of the genetic material, so they do not have 22 pairs of autosomes. A male somatic cell would have one X and one Y chromosome, so it also does not fit the description. Therefore, the correct answer is a female somatic cell.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of these statements is false?
- A.
In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome.
- B.
In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY).
- C.
Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote.
- D.
At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.
- E.
Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization.
Correct Answer
D. At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis.Explanation
At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes by meiosis, not diploid gametes. Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells undergo two rounds of division to produce haploid gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Therefore, the statement that ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis is false.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in
- A.
Spores.
- B.
Gametophytes.
- C.
Zygotes.
- D.
Sporophytes.
- E.
Clones.
Correct Answer
C. Zygotes.Explanation
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in animals to produce gametes, which are reproductive cells like eggs and sperm. Fertilization is the process where two gametes, one from each parent, combine to form a zygote. The zygote is the initial cell of a new individual and has the potential to develop into a complete organism. Therefore, the correct answer is zygotes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
- A.
Diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of a single chromatid.
- B.
Diploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids.
- C.
Haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of a single chromatid.
- D.
Haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids.
- E.
Tetraploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids.
Correct Answer
D. Haploid, and the chromosomes are composed of two chromatids.Explanation
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The chromosomes in each daughter cell are composed of two chromatids, which are identical copies of each other formed during the S phase of interphase. This is because during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, but sister chromatids remain attached. Therefore, each daughter cell ends up with a haploid set of chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata?
- A.
Haploid
- B.
Crossing over
- C.
Autosomes
- D.
Prophase II
- E.
Fertilization
Correct Answer
B. Crossing overExplanation
The term "crossing over" belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata because it is a process that occurs during meiosis where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This process leads to genetic recombination and the creation of new combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic diversity. Synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata are all associated with meiosis and the formation of gametes, and crossing over is a key event that occurs during this process.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis?
- A.
Two diploid cells result.
- B.
Four diploid cells result.
- C.
Four haploid cells result.
- D.
Four autosomes result.
- E.
Four chiasmata result.
Correct Answer
C. Four haploid cells result.Explanation
During the process of meiosis, the cell undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells. These daughter cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cell. This is achieved through the separation of homologous chromosomes during the first division and the separation of sister chromatids during the second division. Therefore, the correct answer is that four haploid cells result from the process of meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?
- A.
Prophase I
- B.
Anaphase I
- C.
Telophase I
- D.
Prophase II
- E.
Metaphase II
Correct Answer
A. Prophase IExplanation
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis. This is the phase where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This genetic exchange increases genetic diversity and plays a crucial role in the formation of new combinations of alleles. The other phases mentioned, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, and metaphase II, do not involve crossing over.Rate this question:
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- 18.
When comparing prophase I of meiosis with prophase of mitosis, which of the following occurs only in meiosis?
- A.
The chromosomes condense.
- B.
Tetrads form.
- C.
The nuclear envelope disassembles.
- D.
A spindle forms.
- E.
Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.
Correct Answer
B. Tetrads form.Explanation
During prophase I of meiosis, tetrads form, which refers to the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This is a unique event that occurs only in meiosis and allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes through a process known as crossing over. In prophase of mitosis, the chromosomes also condense, the nuclear envelope disassembles, a spindle forms, and each chromosome is composed of two chromatids. However, the formation of tetrads is specific to meiosis.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
- A.
The random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
- B.
The random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
- C.
The random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
- D.
The relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. The random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.Explanation
Independent assortment of chromosomes refers to the random and independent alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. This means that each pair of homologous chromosomes can line up in any combination at the metaphase plate, leading to a random distribution of genetic material into the daughter cells. The other options mentioned, such as the random nature of fertilization and the distribution of sister chromatids, are not directly related to independent assortment. Therefore, the correct answer is the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following statements about crossing over is incorrect?
- A.
Crossing over combines sections of the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
- B.
Crossing over plays a role in both sexual and asexual reproduction.
- C.
There are on average one to three crossover events per chromosome.
- D.
Crossing over increases the extent of genetic variation beyond what is possible through independent assortment alone.
- E.
Crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes.
Correct Answer
B. Crossing over plays a role in both sexual and asexual reproduction. -
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