Brain Controls Functions Quiz

Explanation
Acute stress has been found to have beneficial effects on the brain by causing stem cells to multiply, aiding in the adaptation process, and enhancing memory. Research has shown that stress can stimulate the production of new neurons in the brain, which can contribute to improved cognitive function and memory. Additionally, acute stress can help animals adapt to challenging situations by activating the fight-or-flight response, enabling them to respond effectively to threats or changes in their environment. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for the beneficial effects of acute stress.

Explanation
The neocortex is the outer layer of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as problem-solving, sensory interpretation, and reasoning. It is involved in complex processes like language, memory, attention, and decision-making. The neocortex is divided into different regions, each specialized for specific functions. This area of the brain is highly developed in humans compared to other animals and plays a crucial role in our ability to think, learn, and perceive the world around us.

Explanation
The brain is responsible for the functioning of the limbs because it sends signals through the nervous system to control the movement and coordination of the muscles in the limbs. The brain processes sensory information from the limbs and sends motor commands to initiate and control voluntary movements. Additionally, the brain also plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and posture. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement "The brain is responsible for the functioning of the limbs" is true.

Explanation
Stress affects the body in three categorical ways: emotionally, behaviorally, and cognitively. Emotionally, stress can cause feelings of anxiety, sadness, or irritability. Behaviorally, stress can lead to changes in eating or sleeping patterns, as well as increased substance abuse or withdrawal from social activities. Cognitively, stress can impair concentration, memory, and decision-making abilities. Therefore, all of these categories are impacted by stress.

Explanation
Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is not a component of a neuron. Neurons are composed of various components such as dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons, and the myelin sheath, which is a protective covering around the axon. Therefore, hydrocephalus is the correct answer as it does not belong to the components of a neuron.

Explanation
The Broca area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is primarily responsible for speech production. Damage to this area can result in a condition called Broca's aphasia, characterized by difficulty in producing coherent speech while comprehension remains intact. The Basal ganglia are involved in motor control and movement, not speech production. The Thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information, but it is not directly involved in speech production. Therefore, the correct answer is the Broca area.

Explanation
The brain is not the only organ responsible for blood circulation. The heart plays a crucial role in pumping oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, while the blood vessels transport the blood throughout the body. The brain itself relies on the heart and blood vessels to receive a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the statement that the brain is the only organ responsible for blood circulation is incorrect.

Explanation
Prosopagnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, even those of close family members or oneself. It is often referred to as "face blindness" because individuals with this condition struggle to distinguish and remember facial features. This term accurately describes the main symptom of prosopagnosia and is widely used in the medical field to refer to this specific impairment. Neither "eye blindness" nor "light blindness" accurately capture the essence of prosopagnosia, making "face blindness" the correct answer.

Explanation
The hypothalamus is not responsible for judgment, decision making, and higher functions. It is actually responsible for regulating basic physiological functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sleep. Higher cognitive functions are primarily controlled by the cerebral cortex, not the hypothalamus. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation
When chased by a big animal, a man is likely to experience an episode of acute stress. Acute stress is a short-term response to a specific situation or event, such as a threat or danger. In this scenario, the man's body would activate the fight-or-flight response, releasing stress hormones like adrenaline, increasing heart rate, and sharpening focus to enable quick decision-making and physical response to escape the immediate danger. Long-term stress, on the other hand, refers to prolonged stress that persists over an extended period, which is not the case in this situation.