This Quiz Covers Notes Over Animal Nutrition

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. It involves the regulation of various physiological processes such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pH levels. This ensures that the body functions optimally and allows cells to carry out their normal activities. Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different species, while kinesis and taxis are types of movement responses in organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is homeostasis, as it specifically relates to the maintenance of internal conditions.

Extracellular digestion refers to the process of breaking down food outside of cells, typically within a cavity or organ. This allows for the absorption of nutrients by cells. In contrast, intracellular digestion occurs within cells, substrate feeding involves ingesting particles directly, and bulk feeding refers to consuming large amounts of food at once.

Peristalsis is the muscular wave of contractions that squeezes a bolus into the stomach. This process helps to move food through the digestive system by contracting and relaxing the muscles in a wave-like motion. It is essential for the proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Conjunctivitis, substrate feeding, and psoriasis are unrelated to the movement of food through the digestive system, making them incorrect answers.

Herbivores, such as cows and rabbits, have much longer digestive tracts than carnivores because it takes longer to digest plant cell walls than animal flesh. This is because plant cell walls are made up of complex carbohydrates like cellulose, which are difficult to break down. Herbivores need longer digestive tracts to allow for more time and space for the breakdown of these complex carbohydrates through fermentation and microbial digestion. In contrast, carnivores have shorter digestive tracts as animal flesh is easier to digest and does not require as much time for breakdown.

Elements such as Ca, K, and Mg are essential for the body to perform vital functions like nerve transmissions and bone strength. These elements are called minerals. Minerals are inorganic substances that the body needs in small amounts to maintain proper health and function. They are required for various physiological processes and play a crucial role in maintaining overall well-being.

Most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine. This organ is responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules through the secretion of digestive enzymes. The small intestine has a large surface area due to its numerous folds and finger-like projections called villi, which increase the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The nutrients are then transported to the cells throughout the body to provide energy and support various bodily functions.

The flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing a bolus is called the epiglottis.

Symbiosis refers to a relationship between two organisms where they live together and mutually influence each other's lives. This can be seen in the example of termites and Tryconympha, where the termite provides shelter and nutrients to Tryconympha, while Tryconympha aids in the digestion of cellulose in the termite's diet. This type of mutually beneficial relationship is a key characteristic of symbiosis.

A substrate feeder is an organism that consumes the material it lives on. This means that it obtains its nutrients by directly eating the substrate or organic matter surrounding it. Unlike bulk feeders, which consume large amounts of food at once, substrate feeders consume small amounts of food continuously. They are different from suspension feeders, which filter out food particles from water, and extracellular digesters, which secrete enzymes to break down food outside their bodies.

Glucagon is the hormone that raises blood glucose levels. It is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and works in opposition to insulin. When blood glucose levels are low, such as during fasting or exercise, glucagon is released to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This helps to maintain a steady supply of glucose for the body's energy needs. Insulin, on the other hand, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. Secretin and pepsin are not hormones involved in glucose regulation.

A suspension feeder is an organism that filters food particles from water. These organisms typically have specialized structures, such as cilia or filter-feeding appendages, that allow them to capture and consume small particles suspended in the water. They rely on the movement of water to bring food particles to them, and then filter out and ingest the particles. This method of feeding is commonly seen in organisms like bivalves, barnacles, and some species of fish.