Animal Nutrition Vitamin Names, Functions, And Deficieny Symptoms A, D, E, K, C

Explanation
The correct answer is "Synthesis of rhodopsin for vision. Maintain mucous membranes." Vitamin A plays a crucial role in the synthesis of rhodopsin, a pigment found in the retina that is essential for vision in low-light conditions. Additionally, it helps in maintaining the integrity and function of mucous membranes, which are important for protecting various tissues and organs in the body.

Explanation
This answer lists various issues that can occur as a result of vitamin A deficiencies. Night blindness is a condition where a person has difficulty seeing in low light or darkness. Xerophthalmia refers to dryness of the eyes, which can lead to corneal ulcers and blindness. Infertility and offspring production issues can occur due to vitamin A's role in reproductive health. Lastly, vitamin A is important for maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissues, so deficiencies can lead to problems with the skin, respiratory tract, and digestive system.

Explanation
Retinol and carotene are both forms of Vitamin A. Retinol is the active form of Vitamin A that is found in animal sources, while carotene is a precursor form of Vitamin A found in plant sources. Once ingested, carotene is converted into retinol by the body. Both retinol and carotene are important for maintaining good vision, healthy skin, and a strong immune system.

Explanation
Vitamin D is also known as calciferols and ergosterol. Calciferols refer to a group of compounds that have vitamin D activity, including vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Ergosterol, on the other hand, is a precursor of vitamin D2 found in plants and fungi. Therefore, the correct answer includes both calciferols and ergosterol as they are related to the synthesis and activity of vitamin D.

Explanation
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in facilitating the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones. It helps in the absorption of these minerals from the intestine, ensuring that they are available for bone formation and maintenance. This function is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones.

Explanation
The given answer lists various symptoms and conditions associated with vitamin D deficiencies. Rickets is a condition that affects bone development in children, leading to bowed legs and weak bones. Epithelial integrity problems refer to issues with the skin and mucous membranes. Osteomalacia is a condition that weakens bones in adults. Arching of the back may be a symptom of skeletal deformities caused by vitamin D deficiencies. Overall, the answer highlights the range of problems that can occur due to a lack of vitamin D.

Explanation
Tocoferols are a group of compounds that are part of the Vitamin E family. They are known for their antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Tocoferols are commonly found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. They play a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and immune system function.

Explanation
Vitamin E serves various functions in the body. It acts as a biological antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. It also plays a role in tissue respiration, aiding in the process of cellular respiration and energy production. Vitamin E is involved in phosphorylation reactions, which are essential for the activation of enzymes and other cellular processes. It is also important for the metabolism of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Additionally, vitamin E is necessary for the synthesis of ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.

Explanation
Vitamin E deficiencies can lead to various health issues including reproduction failure, exudative diathesis, encephalomalacia, muscular dystrophy, white muscle disease, stiff lamb disease, body lipid degeneration, and peroxidation. These conditions occur due to the antioxidant properties of vitamin E, which protects cells from damage caused by free radicals. Without enough vitamin E, the body is more susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to these health problems.

Explanation
Menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K, also known as vitamin K3. It is commonly used as a nutritional supplement and in the production of animal feed. Menadione plays a crucial role in blood clotting and bone health. It is involved in the synthesis of certain proteins that are necessary for the coagulation of blood. Additionally, it helps in the metabolism of calcium, which is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Menadione is not naturally occurring in the body and needs to be obtained through diet or supplements.

Explanation
Vitamin K plays a crucial role in electron transport during oxidation-phosphorylation, a process that occurs in the mitochondria and is essential for generating ATP, the energy currency of cells. Additionally, vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin, a protein involved in blood clotting. Without sufficient vitamin K, electron transport and ATP production would be impaired, and the blood clotting process would be compromised.

Explanation
Vitamin K deficiencies can lead to prolonged blood clotting and internal hemorrhage. This is because vitamin K plays a crucial role in the production of certain proteins that are necessary for blood clotting. Without enough vitamin K, the blood takes longer to clot, which can result in excessive bleeding and internal hemorrhage.

Explanation
Vitamin C is commonly known as ascorbic acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth, development, and repair of body tissues. It is also an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Ascorbic acid is found in various fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits like oranges and lemons. It plays a crucial role in the immune system, collagen synthesis, and iron absorption.

Explanation
Vitamin C functions as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is also essential for the production of collagen, a protein that helps in wound healing and maintaining healthy skin, bones, and blood vessels. Additionally, vitamin C supports the immune system by enhancing the production of white blood cells and promoting their activity. It also aids in the absorption of iron from plant-based foods, which is important for preventing iron deficiency anemia.