Animal Anatomy And Physiology Practice Exam

1. When the pituitary gland recieves GNRH, it releases ___________ _________ _________.

When the pituitary gland receives GNRH, it releases follicle stimulating hormone. GNRH, which stands for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is a hormone that is released by the hypothalamus. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of follicle stimulating hormone. Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males.

Explanation

When the pituitary gland receives GNRH, it releases follicle stimulating hormone. GNRH, which stands for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is a hormone that is released by the hypothalamus. It acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of follicle stimulating hormone. Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males.

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2. Melatonin is produced by the __________ gland.

The correct answer is "pineal." The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness. Located in the brain, the pineal gland receives signals from the retina to release melatonin in response to darkness, helping to regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle.

Explanation

The correct answer is "pineal." The pineal gland is responsible for producing melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness. Located in the brain, the pineal gland receives signals from the retina to release melatonin in response to darkness, helping to regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle.

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3. The ampulla, seminal vessicles, prostate, and bulbourethral gland are all __________ __________.

The ampulla, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral gland are all classified as accessory glands. These glands play a crucial role in the male reproductive system by producing and secreting fluids that aid in the transport and nourishment of sperm.

Explanation

The ampulla, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral gland are all classified as accessory glands. These glands play a crucial role in the male reproductive system by producing and secreting fluids that aid in the transport and nourishment of sperm.

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4. __________ causes the endometrium to develop and glands to swell in breasts.

Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is released by the ovaries to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. It causes the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, to thicken and develop, creating a suitable environment for a fertilized egg to implant. Additionally, progesterone also causes the glands in the breasts to swell in preparation for possible breastfeeding. Therefore, the presence of progesterone in the body leads to the development of the endometrium and swelling of the glands in the breasts.

Explanation

Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is released by the ovaries to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. It causes the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, to thicken and develop, creating a suitable environment for a fertilized egg to implant. Additionally, progesterone also causes the glands in the breasts to swell in preparation for possible breastfeeding. Therefore, the presence of progesterone in the body leads to the development of the endometrium and swelling of the glands in the breasts.

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5. Leydig cells are also known as ___________ cells.

Leydig cells are also known as interstitial cells because they are located in the interstitial spaces of the testes. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting testosterone, which is an important male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the term "interstitial" accurately describes the location and function of Leydig cells in the testes.

Explanation

Leydig cells are also known as interstitial cells because they are located in the interstitial spaces of the testes. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting testosterone, which is an important male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the term "interstitial" accurately describes the location and function of Leydig cells in the testes.

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6. The dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, and pampaniform comples all work together to __________ _________.

The dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, and pampaniform complex all work together to regulate temperature. These muscles are located in the scrotum and help to control the position and tightness of the testicles. By contracting or relaxing these muscles, the scrotum can adjust the distance between the testicles and the body, allowing for temperature regulation. This is important for maintaining the optimal temperature for sperm production and overall reproductive health.

Explanation

The dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, and pampaniform complex all work together to regulate temperature. These muscles are located in the scrotum and help to control the position and tightness of the testicles. By contracting or relaxing these muscles, the scrotum can adjust the distance between the testicles and the body, allowing for temperature regulation. This is important for maintaining the optimal temperature for sperm production and overall reproductive health.

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7. Glands in the vas deferens produce _________.

The glands in the vas deferens produce semen. Semen is a fluid that contains sperm cells and various other substances that nourish and protect the sperm. The glands in the vas deferens, such as the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands, contribute different components to the semen, including fructose, enzymes, and mucus. This combination of fluids helps to support the survival and motility of the sperm, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.

Explanation

The glands in the vas deferens produce semen. Semen is a fluid that contains sperm cells and various other substances that nourish and protect the sperm. The glands in the vas deferens, such as the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands, contribute different components to the semen, including fructose, enzymes, and mucus. This combination of fluids helps to support the survival and motility of the sperm, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.

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10. The hypothalamus secretes ________, which then goes to the _________ gland

The hypothalamus secretes GNRH, which then goes to the pituitary gland. GNRH stands for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and it is responsible for stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating the reproductive system, including the development of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males.

Explanation

The hypothalamus secretes GNRH, which then goes to the pituitary gland. GNRH stands for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and it is responsible for stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating the reproductive system, including the development of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males.

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11. The two muscle layers of the scrodum are the ________ muscle and the _________ muscle.

The two muscle layers of the scrotum are the dartos muscle and the cremaster muscle. The dartos muscle is a smooth muscle that is responsible for wrinkling the scrotal skin, while the cremaster muscle is a skeletal muscle that helps to elevate the testes closer to the body in response to temperature changes or sexual arousal.

Explanation

The two muscle layers of the scrotum are the dartos muscle and the cremaster muscle. The dartos muscle is a smooth muscle that is responsible for wrinkling the scrotal skin, while the cremaster muscle is a skeletal muscle that helps to elevate the testes closer to the body in response to temperature changes or sexual arousal.

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12. Sperm grow in from stem cell slocated in ________ ________

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located in the testes and are responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells. The stem cells present in the seminiferous tubules undergo a process called spermatogenesis, where they differentiate and develop into mature sperm cells. These sperm cells are then released into the epididymis for further maturation and storage until ejaculation. Therefore, the correct answer is semeniferous tubules.

Explanation

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located in the testes and are responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells. The stem cells present in the seminiferous tubules undergo a process called spermatogenesis, where they differentiate and develop into mature sperm cells. These sperm cells are then released into the epididymis for further maturation and storage until ejaculation. Therefore, the correct answer is semeniferous tubules.

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13. Progesterone is produced by the ___________ _________.

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation. It is formed from the ruptured follicle that released the egg. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is important for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining the pregnancy if fertilization occurs.

Explanation

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation. It is formed from the ruptured follicle that released the egg. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is important for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining the pregnancy if fertilization occurs.

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