Anatomy And Physiology Interesting Chapter 2

Matter is the correct answer because it refers to anything that takes up space and has weight. Matter is composed of elements, atoms, and molecules. It can exist in various forms such as solids, liquids, and gases.

Ionic compounds dissociate when they dissolve in water because water molecules surround the ions and pull them apart, breaking the ionic bonds. This process is known as hydration. The positive ions (cations) are attracted to the negative oxygen atoms in water, while the negative ions (anions) are attracted to the positive hydrogen atoms in water. As a result, the ions become surrounded by water molecules and are able to move freely in the solution, leading to the dissociation of the ionic compound.

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that participates in chemical reactions. It is the fundamental building block of matter and retains the chemical properties of the element it belongs to. Atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules and compounds, allowing for the formation of various substances and the occurrence of chemical reactions. The plural form of atom is atoms, referring to multiple individual particles of an element.

A polysaccharide is a type of saccharide that is formed by chemically combining many monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are large, complex molecules made up of repeating units of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. They serve as energy storage molecules and structural components in living organisms. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

A polysaccharide is a type of saccharide that is formed by chemically combining many monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are large molecules made up of repeating units of monosaccharides, such as glucose. They serve various functions in organisms, including energy storage (e.g., starch in plants and glycogen in animals) and structural support (e.g., cellulose in plants and chitin in insects). The answer "polysaccharide, polysaccharides" correctly identifies this type of saccharide as being formed by chemically combining many monosaccharides.

A proton is an atomic particle that carries a positive charge. It is found in the nucleus of an atom along with neutrons. Protons are essential for determining the atomic number and identity of an element. They play a crucial role in chemical reactions and the formation of chemical bonds.

Neutrons are atoms that carry no charge. They are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom along with protons. While protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge, neutrons have no charge at all. They are crucial for stabilizing the nucleus and determining the isotope of an element. Neutrons play a vital role in nuclear reactions and are also used in various scientific and medical applications, such as in nuclear power plants and cancer treatment.

Electrons are the atoms that carry a negative charge. They are subatomic particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are negatively charged because they have a fundamental property called charge, which can be either positive or negative. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in order to maintain overall electrical neutrality. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion with a positive or negative charge, respectively. Therefore, electrons are the correct answer as they are the particles responsible for carrying a negative charge.

A disaccharide is a type of saccharide that is formed by chemically combining two monosaccharides. In this case, the given answer "DISACCHARIDES, DISACCHARIDE" correctly identifies the type of saccharide as disaccharides. Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units joined together through a glycosidic bond. Examples of disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction itself. It works by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place. In the context of an enzyme reaction, a catalyst can speed up the reaction by facilitating the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex, but it is not directly involved in the reaction itself. Therefore, the correct answer is catalyst.

The given answer suggests that in order for Na+ (sodium ion) to be created, electrons need to be lost by an atom. This is because sodium has one valence electron in its outermost energy level, and in order to achieve a stable electron configuration, it tends to lose this electron and form a positive ion with a +1 charge. This process of losing electrons is known as ionization. Therefore, the statement "LOSE ATOM, YES" correctly explains the process of creating Na+ ions.

Nucleic acids are molecules that constitute genes and play a role in protein synthesis. They are made up of building blocks called nucleotides. Water, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein do not meet all of these criteria. Therefore, the correct answer is nucleic acid.

DNA contains two strands. The double helix structure of DNA consists of two complementary strands that are held together by hydrogen bonds. Each strand is made up of a sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The two strands are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions, and they are connected by base pairs. This double-stranded structure is important for DNA replication and transcription, as it allows for the accurate copying and expression of genetic information.

The correct answer is "INORGANIC, INORGANIC COMPOUND" because the compound being described in the question is stated to generally not contain organic molecules such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inorganic salts. This indicates that the compound is inorganic in nature. Therefore, the correct answer is "INORGANIC, INORGANIC COMPOUND".

A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar molecule. It is the building block for more complex carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of carbon atoms they contain, with the most common examples being glucose, fructose, and galactose. They are the main source of energy for the body and are found in various foods such as fruits, honey, and vegetables.

The given correct answer is "ENZYME". An enzyme is a type of protein that acts as a catalyst, meaning it speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Enzymes aid in the conversion of a substrate (the molecule on which the enzyme acts) into a product. They achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Enzymes are essential for many biological processes and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.

The correct answer is "Adenosine triphosphate." This is the full form of the abbreviation ATP. Adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that plays a crucial role in providing energy for cellular processes in living organisms. It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it stores and releases energy as needed.

Proteins are composed of smaller molecules called amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acid, amino acids.

This description is referring to the concept of atomic mass. Atomic mass is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Electrons, on the other hand, have a negligible mass and do not contribute significantly to the overall weight of an atom. Therefore, the correct answer is atomic mass.

ATP, or Adenosine triphosphate, is a modified nucleotide that consists of adenosine and three phosphate groups. It serves as a temporary energy storage molecule in cells and is involved in various cellular processes. ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides immediate energy for cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of macromolecules.

Proteins are macromolecules that serve various functions in living organisms. They can act as structural materials, receptors, enzymes, and antibodies. They are composed of building blocks called amino acids, which are held together by peptide bonds. Therefore, the correct answer is protein.

Buffers are chemicals that can either pick up or release H+ ions to maintain the pH of a solution constant. They are needed in the body to maintain normal pH of body fluids because an imbalance in pH can be harmful to body cells.

The given correct answer for the question is "NUCLEUS". The nucleus is a component that is made up of protons and neutrons. It is the central part of an atom and contains most of its mass. Electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.

The given answer states that the compound is organic and an organic compound. This is because the compound contains carbon and hydrogen, which are the basic elements found in organic molecules. Additionally, the compound is described as being larger than inorganic molecules and is categorized as a carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid, all of which are organic compounds. Therefore, the answer correctly identifies the compound as an organic, organic compound.

Enzymes bring together the substrates and allow them to react more easily. Enzymes act as catalysts in chemical reactions, facilitating the formation of a transition state that lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. By bringing the substrates together, enzymes increase the likelihood of successful collisions between the reactants, leading to a higher reaction rate. This function of enzymes is crucial for many biological processes, as it enables efficient and specific reactions to occur in living organisms.

The mass weight of an electron is 0. This is because electrons are considered to have negligible mass compared to other particles. They are much lighter than protons and neutrons, which make up the nucleus of an atom. Therefore, when calculating the total mass of an atom, the mass of electrons is usually not taken into account.

The atomic number of an element refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of that element. It is a unique characteristic of each element and is equal to the number of electrons in the atom.

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) regions. The hydrophilic head of a phospholipid molecule is soluble in water, while the hydrophobic tails are not. This unique property allows phospholipids to form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, with the hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic tails facing inward, away from water. Therefore, phospholipids are indeed soluble in water to some extent, making the given answer "FALSE" correct.

This question is asking for the definition of a subatom found in regions of space called orbitals. Each shell can hold a limited number of these subatoms, which are electrons.

A compound is formed when two or more atoms of different elements chemically combine. In a compound, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. This is different from a molecule, which is formed when two or more atoms of the same or different elements are held together by covalent bonds. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. Atomic mass refers to the mass of an atom, which is the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proteins have four levels of organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain. The secondary structure involves the folding of the protein chain into alpha helices or beta sheets. The tertiary structure is the overall 3D shape of the protein, determined by interactions between amino acids. The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple protein subunits, if present. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Carbohydrates are macromolecules that provide energy to cells and supply materials to build cell structures. They are water-soluble and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Steroids are a type of lipid that serve as a component of cell membranes. They are also the basis for the synthesis of certain hormones in the body. Steroids have a unique structure consisting of four fused rings, which gives them their characteristic properties. Due to their role in regulating various physiological processes, steroids are essential for the proper functioning of the body.

The correct answer is DNA and RNA, RNA and DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in the nucleus of cells and carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is involved in the synthesis of proteins based on the instructions provided by DNA. Both DNA and RNA are essential for the proper functioning of cells and are the two main types of nucleic acids.

Hydrolysis is the process in which water is added to break down a compound or molecule into smaller components. In this case, the statement "Water is added when bond is formed" aligns with the definition of hydrolysis because it involves the addition of water to break bonds within a substance.

Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This reaction results in the formation of a covalent bond, known as a peptide bond, between the two amino acids. This process repeats, forming a chain of amino acids called a polypeptide. Peptide bonds are crucial for the structure and function of proteins, as they determine the sequence of amino acids and therefore the overall shape and properties of the protein.

Electrolytes are substances that release ions in water. When dissolved in water, electrolytes break apart into positive and negative ions, which can conduct electricity. This property makes electrolytes essential for various bodily functions, such as nerve and muscle function, maintaining fluid balance, and regulating pH levels. Common examples of electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions. They are found in many foods and beverages, and their balance is crucial for overall health and proper bodily function.

When an acid and a base react with each other, they undergo a neutralization reaction. This reaction results in the formation of a salt and water. The salt that is produced is an electrolyte because it dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, allowing it to conduct electricity. Therefore, the correct answer is salt, as it is the electrolyte formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

Atoms that have gained or lost an electron become electrically charged and are called ions. Ions form when atoms need to become stable, either by gaining or losing electrons.

Lipids are macromolecules that are soluble in water and fats. They contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and less oxygen (O) than carbohydrates. Lipids are used for energy storage and are a major component of cell membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is lipid.

An acid is a type of electrolyte that releases hydrogen ions in water. This is the defining characteristic of an acid. Acids are substances that have a pH less than 7 and can react with bases to form salts. They are commonly found in various household items such as vinegar and lemon juice.

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms chemically combine. It is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound. A molecule is held together by covalent bonds, which are formed when atoms share electrons. This allows the atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Therefore, the correct answer is MOLECULE.

Bases are substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions. When a base dissolves in water, it releases hydroxide ions (OH-) that can react with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water. Bases are known for their ability to neutralize acids by accepting hydrogen ions from them. Therefore, bases can be considered as electrolytes, which are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water. In contrast, compounds, acids, and salts may or may not release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions, making them different from bases.

The given correct answer for this question is "UNSATURATED, UNSATURATED FAT." Triglycerides are a type of fat molecule composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains. Monounsaturated fats have one double bond, while polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds. Therefore, plant triglycerides or oils, which have one or more double C-C bonds, can be classified as unsaturated fats.

The given correct answer is "STRUCTURAL, STRUCTURAL PROTEIN". This answer correctly identifies the classification or type of the protein described in the question as "structural protein". Structural proteins are proteins that provide support and strength in binding parts of the body cells and tissues together. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and integrity of cells and tissues.

The correct answer is "CHEMICAL FORMULAS" because the question is asking for the elements present and the number of each atom in the molecule, which is represented by the chemical formulas. The other options (COMPOUND FORMULA, ATOMIC MASS, ATOMIC NUMBER, STRUCTURAL FORMULA) are not directly related to depicting the elements and their quantities in a molecule.

The term "structural formula" refers to a representation of a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. It provides information about how atoms bond together to form different molecules. By using symbols and lines to represent atoms and bonds, the structural formula allows us to visualize the connectivity and arrangement of atoms in a molecule, providing insights into its chemical properties and behavior.

The given answer is correct because it correctly identifies the classification or type of the protein as "functional" and "functional protein". This is because the protein described in the question provides a variety of different functions in the body, including producing antibodies that provide immunity and enzymes that speed up chemical reactions. Therefore, it can be classified as a functional protein, as it performs various functions in the body.

Amino acids are composed of two functional groups: an amine group (-NH2) and an acid group (-COOH). These groups are responsible for the unique properties and functions of amino acids. The amine group provides the basic properties of amino acids, while the acid group contributes to their acidic properties. Both groups are essential for the formation and structure of proteins.

Condensation synthesis refers to a chemical reaction in which water is removed when a bond is formed between two molecules. This process involves the removal of a hydroxyl group (-OH) from one molecule and a hydrogen atom (-H) from another molecule, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond and the release of a water molecule. This reaction is commonly observed in the formation of polymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids, where monomers are joined together through condensation synthesis to form larger molecules.