Cardiovascular And Respiratory: Anatomy Quiz!

The correct answer is 1. pulmonary ventilation, 2. external respiration, 3. transport, 4. internal respiration. These are the four main stages of respiration. Pulmonary ventilation refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs. External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood. Transport refers to the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream. Internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's tissues.

The correct answer is the sequence of structures that air passes through in the respiratory system: trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchiole, and alveoli. This is the correct order in which air travels from the upper respiratory tract down into the lungs. The trachea is the main airway that connects the throat to the bronchi, which then branch out into smaller airways called bronchioles. The bronchioles lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

The septum is not one of the chambers of the heart. The heart is divided into four chambers: the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle. The septum, on the other hand, is a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart. It helps to prevent the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.

The ventricle heart chambers are located on the bottom. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the body and lungs. They are positioned beneath the atria, which are the upper chambers of the heart. The ventricles are responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Being positioned at the bottom allows the ventricles to efficiently pump blood throughout the circulatory system.

This answer correctly describes the path of blood through the body. It starts with oxygenated blood leaving the heart and moving through major arteries. It then subdivides into smaller arteries before entering the capillary network where oxygen is delivered to body tissues and the blood becomes deoxygenated. The deoxygenated blood then enters venules of a venous system and eventually drains into major veins, which return the blood back to the heart.

The question asks for the exception among the three primary formed elements of blood. Marrow is not considered one of the formed elements of blood. Marrow is a soft, gelatinous tissue found inside the bones, and it is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Therefore, marrow is not an exception among the three primary formed elements of blood.

White blood cells contain all the cytoplasmic organelles, remove debris, and fight infections. These cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens. They have various organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, which are responsible for carrying out different cellular functions. White blood cells also have the ability to engulf and destroy foreign particles and dead cells, thereby removing debris from the body. Additionally, they produce antibodies and release chemicals to combat infections and protect the body from harmful microorganisms.

The valves of the heart include the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid on the right side and bicuspid on the left side), pulmonary valve (on the right side), and aortic valve (on the left side). However, papillary valves are not a part of the heart's valve structure. Therefore, the correct answer is papillary (center).

The given correct answer is "Yes" because the question asks if the person studied cellular respiration, and the answer indicates that they did.

Air treatment involves processes such as purifying, humidifying, and warming the air to improve its quality and comfort. However, "creating" air is not a part of air treatment as air already exists naturally. Therefore, the correct answer is "created".

Red blood cells are made up of hemoglobin, a protein that allows them to carry oxygen throughout the body. This is their main function, as they pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to all the tissues in the body. Red blood cells do not contain organelles and are specifically designed to be able to carry oxygen efficiently. They also play a role in removing debris and waste products from the body. The statement "do not exist" is incorrect and does not apply to red blood cells.

The heart is positioned in front of the esophagus, making it anterior to the esophagus. Additionally, the heart is located above or superior to the diaphragm. Therefore, the correct answer is "anterior, superior."

Catabolism refers to the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. This is an essential metabolic process that occurs in living organisms to release energy and obtain building blocks for various cellular processes. Through catabolism, complex molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, respectively. This breakdown allows the body to extract energy and nutrients from these molecules to support various physiological functions.

The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voicebox) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings, which prevent it from collapsing and maintain its shape. The trachea is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which helps to protect and lubricate the airway. Therefore, the correct answer is "voicebox" because the trachea is not the same as the larynx, which is responsible for producing sound.

Platelets are small fragments of cells that circulate in the bloodstream. They contain organelles called granules or sacs, which play a crucial role in blood clotting. When there is an injury, these granules release various substances that initiate the clotting process. They help in the formation of a clot, which prevents excessive bleeding. Therefore, the presence of granules in platelets is essential for their function in clotting blood.

The urinary system consists of the urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, and kidney. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be expelled. The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

The atria heart chambers are located on the top. This is because the heart is positioned in the chest cavity with the atria sitting on top of the ventricles. The atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body and lungs, and then pump it into the ventricles. The ventricles, on the other hand, are located on the bottom of the heart.

The correct answer is the ventricles. The ventricles are the main pumping chambers of the heart and are responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. The atria, on the other hand, receive blood from the veins and pass it on to the ventricles. The septum is a wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart. While all of these components play a role in the functioning of the heart, the ventricles are specifically responsible for the pumping action.

During diastole, the ventricles of the heart relax, allowing them to expand and fill up with blood. This phase occurs after the ventricles have pumped blood out to the rest of the body during systole. The relaxation of the ventricles allows them to refill with oxygenated blood from the atria, preparing them for the next contraction. This process ensures a continuous flow of blood throughout the body and is essential for proper heart function.

The correct answer is tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima. This is the correct order of the layers of the blood vessel lining from superficial to deep. The tunica externa is the outermost layer, followed by the tunica media in the middle, and finally the tunica intima on the innermost layer.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels in the body. It is produced by the pancreas, specifically by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are responsible for monitoring blood glucose levels and releasing insulin when necessary. The pancreas plays a crucial role in maintaining normal blood sugar levels and preventing conditions like diabetes. Kidneys and adrenal glands do not produce insulin, making the pancreas the correct answer.

Blood transports various substances such as nutrients, gases, wastes, heat, defenses, hormones, and drugs/toxins. Nutrients are digested and absorbed, gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried, wastes like urea, ammonia, and CO2 are transported, heat produced by muscles is circulated, defenses such as clotting and immune responses are carried, hormones (protein or steroid based molecules) are transported, and drugs/toxins like medications and drugs are also transported. However, blood does not transport cargo like luggage and clothing.

The left and right coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium, which is the muscular tissue of the heart. These arteries branch off from the aorta and wrap around the heart, providing essential nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle. Without the left and right coronary arteries, the myocardium would not receive adequate blood supply, leading to ischemia and potentially causing a heart attack or other cardiovascular complications.

The heart is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. The autonomic nervous system controls the heart rate and rhythm, while the endocrine system releases hormones like adrenaline during stress, which can affect heart function. Physical factors such as body temperature can also influence heart rate. However, voluntary control, or conscious control over the heart rate, is not a common way to regulate the heart.

The given correct answer is "Yes" because the question is asking if the person remembered to study cellular respiration. By answering "Yes," it implies that the person did remember to study cellular respiration.

Prolactin, which stimulates milk production, is produced by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain and is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases various hormones that regulate many bodily functions. In the case of milk production, the pituitary gland produces and releases prolactin in response to the stimulation of the hormone oxytocin, which is released during breastfeeding. This process helps to initiate and maintain lactation in women.

The correct answer is "Take in food, breakdown food, absorb digested molecules, eliminate waste." The digestive system is responsible for taking in food through the mouth, breaking it down into smaller molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion, absorbing the digested molecules into the bloodstream, and eliminating waste products through the rectum and anus.

When blood enters the right atrium, it falls into the right ventricle because the tricuspid valve is open. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and when it is open, it allows blood to flow from the atrium into the ventricle. This is part of the normal flow of blood through the heart, as the right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

When the ventricles (main pumping chambers) contract, the heart goes through systole. During systole, the ventricles forcefully pump blood out of the heart and into the arteries. This is an important phase of the cardiac cycle as it allows for the circulation of oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

A calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is a unit of measurement used to quantify the energy content of food and beverages. This measurement helps in understanding the energy value of different foods and their impact on our bodies.

The lub sound of the heart is caused by the tricuspid valve closing. This valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. When the ventricles contract, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the atrium. This closure creates a sound that can be heard as the lub sound during a heartbeat.

The correct answer is 5-6 Litres. This is the average amount of blood in the human body. The volume of blood can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and body size, but on average, an adult human has approximately 5-6 liters of blood circulating in their body. Blood plays a vital role in transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, as well as regulating body temperature and maintaining overall health and homeostasis.

In the circulatory system, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle of the heart into the pulmonary arteries, which carry it to the lungs for oxygenation. After being oxygenated in the lungs, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atria and then the left ventricle before being pumped out to the rest of the body.

The given options describe characteristics of the larynx, except for "throat." The larynx is commonly known as the voicebox and is surrounded by hyaline cartilage. It is protected by the epiglottis, which prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing. However, the larynx is not synonymous with the throat. The throat refers to the entire passage that includes the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Therefore, the option "throat" does not accurately describe the larynx.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and releases energy in living cells. When ATP is hydrolyzed, it breaks down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process releases energy that can be used by the cell for various metabolic reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is ADP and Pi, as both products are formed when ATP is hydrolyzed.

The growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The growth hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development during childhood and adolescence. It also helps regulate metabolism, muscle and bone growth, and the production of other hormones in the body.

ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. Its main function is to regulate the body's water balance by increasing water absorption in the kidneys. When ADH levels are high, the kidneys reabsorb more water, resulting in decreased urine production and increased water retention in the body. This helps to prevent dehydration and maintain proper fluid balance. Therefore, the correct answer is that ADH increases water absorption.

The heart lies in a chamber called the mediastinum. The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs. It contains various structures including the heart, great vessels, esophagus, and trachea. The heart is specifically situated within the mediastinum, where it is protected and surrounded by other vital structures.

Cardiac muscle is classified as striated because it has a striped or striated appearance under a microscope. This is due to the arrangement of contractile proteins called myofilaments within the muscle cells. The presence of these myofilaments gives cardiac muscle its characteristic striated appearance, similar to skeletal muscle.

The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. It has two main branches, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. The superior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body, while the inferior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body. Both of these veins empty into the right atrium of the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is right atrium.

The mouth is not considered a part of the respiratory tract. The respiratory tract starts with the nose, which filters and warms the air, and then continues to the pharynx, where the air is further filtered and moistened. From there, the air moves to the larynx, where sound is produced, and then down into the trachea and lungs. The mouth, although involved in the process of breathing, is primarily responsible for other functions such as eating and speaking.

The correct answer is semilunar valve closing. The dub sound of the heart is produced when the semilunar valves, which are located between the ventricles and the major arteries leaving the heart, close. This closure prevents the backflow of blood into the ventricles and ensures that blood flows in one direction. The closing of the semilunar valves creates a distinct sound that can be heard during a cardiac examination.

The small intestine is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and receives partially digested food from the stomach. The jejunum and ileum are responsible for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The large intestine, esophagus, and pharynx are not divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, making them incorrect options.

The correct answer is "voicebox" because the voicebox, also known as the larynx, is actually a part of the pharynx. The pharynx is a muscular tube that is made up of three segments: the oro (mouth), laryngo (voicebox), and naso (nose) segments. Therefore, the voicebox is not excluded from the characteristics of the pharynx, making it the exception in this list.

The correct answer is 3 segments. This is because the bronchi and bronchioles do not have 3 segments. The bronchi and bronchioles are the airways that branch from the trachea towards the different lobes of the lungs. They further divide into smaller branches called bronchioles. The 5 branches leading to the 5 lobes of the lungs and the presence of 3 air sacs on the right and 2 on the left are all true statements about the bronchi and bronchioles.

During repolarization, the charge inside the cell changes from positive to negative. This change in charge causes the voltage-gated channels to open, allowing potassium ions to rush out of the cell. This movement of potassium ions out of the cell helps to restore the cell's resting membrane potential and brings the charge back to a negative value.

The correct answer is fibrous pericardium, serous membrane (parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium. This is the correct order of the layers of the heart from superficial to deep. The fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer, followed by the serous membrane which consists of the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium. The myocardium is the middle layer and is responsible for the contraction of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer and lines the chambers of the heart.

Mucus and cilia work together to purify the air. Mucus is a sticky substance produced by the respiratory system that traps dust, bacteria, and other particles in the air. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and move in coordinated waves. These cilia help to move the trapped particles, along with the mucus, out of the respiratory system, preventing them from entering the lungs. This process helps to filter and purify the air we breathe.

When ATP binds to myosin, it provides the necessary energy for myosin to release from actin filaments. This allows the muscle contraction cycle to continue. ADP and Pi being hydrolyzed are necessary steps in the contraction cycle but do not directly cause myosin release. Binding of myosin to tropomyosin is also a step in muscle contraction, but it does not specifically lead to myosin release. Therefore, the correct answer is that ATP must bind to myosin for myosin to be released.

Prostaglandins, produced by the uterus, mediate inflammatory responses by promoting the dilation of blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the affected area. They also play a role in increasing uterine contractions, which is essential for labor and delivery. Additionally, prostaglandins help stimulate ovulation by triggering the release of an egg from the ovary.