Anatomical Principles & Cell Basics

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  • 1/30 Questions

    Maurice has a bad headache. Which body cavity is affected?

    • Cranial
    • Vertebral
    • Pelvic
    • Thoracic
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About This Quiz

Explore the fundamentals of human anatomy and cellular functions in this engaging quiz. Assess your knowledge on organ systems, cell structure, and their hierarchical organization. Ideal for students enhancing their understanding in biology and anatomy.

Anatomical Principles & Cell Basics - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Antoinetta contracts a viral infection after babysitting for her friend's small children. The system that responds to fight this infection is the:

    • Immune system

    • Nervous system

    • Urinary system

    • Reproductive system

    Correct Answer
    A. Immune system
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the immune system. When Antoinetta contracts a viral infection, her immune system responds to fight off the infection. The immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying pathogens, such as viruses, to protect the body from illness and infection. It does this through various mechanisms, including the production of antibodies and activation of immune cells. In this case, the immune system would recognize the viral infection and initiate an immune response to eliminate the virus from Antoinetta's body.

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  • 3. 

    The organ system that helps us receive messages and respond to them is the:

    • Skeletal system

    • Respiratory system

    • Nervous system

    • Immune system

    Correct Answer
    A. Nervous system
    Explanation
    The nervous system is responsible for receiving messages from the environment and coordinating the body's response to those messages. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which work together to transmit electrical signals throughout the body. This allows us to sense our surroundings, process information, and initiate appropriate actions or responses. The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body, the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and oxygen exchange, and the immune system defends against foreign invaders. However, neither of these systems directly facilitate the reception and response to messages like the nervous system does.

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  • 4. 
    Which plane is shown below: - ProProfs

    Which plane is shown below:

    • Frontal

    • Sagittal

    • Transverse

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse
    Explanation
    The plane shown below is the transverse plane. This plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions, or in other words, it separates the body into upper and lower sections. It is also known as the horizontal plane because it is parallel to the ground when the body is in an anatomical position.

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  • 5. 

    The organ system that helps humans combine egg and sperm cells to create new life is called the:

    • Cardiovascular system

    • Respiratory system

    • Reproductive system

    • Nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Reproductive system
    Explanation
    The reproductive system is responsible for combining egg and sperm cells to create new life. It includes organs such as the ovaries, testes, uterus, and fallopian tubes. These organs work together to produce and transport gametes (egg and sperm cells), facilitate fertilization, and support the development of a fetus. The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and exchanging gases, and the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals and coordinating bodily functions. None of these systems are directly involved in the process of reproduction.

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  • 6. 

    Which type of organic molecule provides structure for the hair, muscle, skin and nails?

    • Protein

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic acid

    • Carbohydrate

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein
    Explanation
    Proteins provide structure for the hair, muscle, skin, and nails. Proteins are made up of amino acids and are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in the body. They form the building blocks of cells and are responsible for the structure and function of various body parts, including hair, muscle, skin, and nails. Therefore, protein is the correct answer.

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  • 7. 

    The lungs are located in which body cavity?

    • Pelvic

    • Abdominal

    • Thoracic

    • Cranial

    Correct Answer
    A. Thoracic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is thoracic because the lungs are located within the thoracic cavity, which is also known as the chest cavity. This cavity is surrounded by the rib cage and contains vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.

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  • 8. 
    Name the organ system shown below:   - ProProfs

    Name the organ system shown below:  

    • Digestive system

    • Urinary system

    • Endocrine system

    • Respiratory system

    Correct Answer
    A. Digestive system
    Explanation
    The organ system shown in the image is the digestive system. This system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body. It includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The digestive system plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the elimination of waste products.

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  • 9. 

    Deonsae is having a heart attack and needs an emergency procedure!! Which body cavity do you need to access?

    • Thoracic

    • Abdominal

    • Pelvic

    • Vertebral

    Correct Answer
    A. Thoracic
    Explanation
    In this scenario, Deonsae is experiencing a heart attack, which is a medical emergency involving the heart. The thoracic cavity is the correct answer because it houses the heart, lungs, and other vital organs in the chest region. Accessing the thoracic cavity would allow medical professionals to reach the heart and perform the necessary emergency procedure to address the heart attack.

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  • 10. 

    Mr. Carter has trouble filtering waste from his blood, and needs dialysis treatment. Which organ system is affected?

    • Urinary system

    • Reproductive system

    • Muscular system

    • Skeletal system

    Correct Answer
    A. Urinary system
    Explanation
    Mr. Carter's trouble with filtering waste from his blood indicates a dysfunction in the urinary system. The urinary system is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and eliminating them from the body through urine. Dialysis treatment is a medical procedure that helps to perform the function of the kidneys when they are unable to do so effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is the urinary system.

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  • 11. 

    The type of organic molecule that makes up our DNA is called:

    • Nucleic acids

    • Carbohydrates

    • Lipids

    • Proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleic acids
    Explanation
    The type of organic molecule that makes up our DNA is called nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a type of nucleic acid that contains the instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It is composed of two strands of nucleotides that are held together by hydrogen bonds. Nucleic acids are essential for the replication and expression of genetic information, making them crucial for the inheritance of traits and the functioning of cells.

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  • 12. 

    A cell is best defined as:

    • A group of organs

    • An individual living thing

    • A group of tissues

    • The basic unit of life

    Correct Answer
    A. The basic unit of life
    Explanation
    A cell is considered the basic unit of life because it is the smallest structural and functional unit that can carry out all the necessary processes of life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms and can exist as single-celled organisms or as part of multicellular organisms. They contain genetic material, have a cell membrane that regulates the passage of substances, and have specialized structures called organelles that perform specific functions. Overall, cells are fundamental to the existence and functioning of all living things.

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  • 13. 
    This arrow is pointing towards the _____________________ end of the patient. - ProProfs

    This arrow is pointing towards the _____________________ end of the patient.

    • Superior

    • Inferior

    • Anterior

    • Posterior

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior
    Explanation
    The arrow is pointing towards the inferior end of the patient. This means that it is indicating the lower or lowermost part of the patient's body.

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  • 14. 

    Meiosis is cell division that creates:

    • Sex cells for reproduction

    • Somatic cells for growth and repair

    • Brain cells to transmit messages

    • Muscle cells for movement

    Correct Answer
    A. Sex cells for reproduction
    Explanation
    Meiosis is a type of cell division that specifically occurs in the reproductive cells, also known as gametes. It is responsible for creating sex cells, such as sperm and eggs, which are essential for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the cells is halved, resulting in genetic diversity in offspring. This process ensures that the resulting sex cells have the correct number of chromosomes to combine during fertilization and produce a genetically unique individual.

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  • 15. 
    Which plane is shown below: - ProProfs

    Which plane is shown below:

    • Sagittal

    • Frontal

    • Transverse

    Correct Answer
    A. Sagittal
    Explanation
    The plane shown in the image is the sagittal plane. This plane divides the body into left and right halves, allowing for a side view of the structures. It is perpendicular to both the frontal and transverse planes.

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  • 16. 

    Mitosis is cell division that creates:

    • Somatic cells for growth and repair

    • Sex cells for reproduction

    • Sperm and egg cells

    • All types of cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic cells for growth and repair
    Explanation
    Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, which are responsible for the growth and repair of the body. This process results in the formation of two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the correct answer is somatic cells for growth and repair.

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  • 17. 

    A group of tissues is a(n):

    • Cell

    • Organ

    • Organism

    • Molecule

    Correct Answer
    A. Organ
    Explanation
    An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body. Unlike a single cell or molecule, an organ is made up of different types of tissues that collaborate to carry out complex tasks. Therefore, an organ is the most appropriate choice for a group of tissues.

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  • 18. 
    This arrow is going from the _____________ to the _________________ of the patient. - ProProfs

    This arrow is going from the _____________ to the _________________ of the patient.

    • Anterior; posterior

    • Superior; inferior

    • Posterior; inferior

    • Anterior; superior

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior; posterior
    Explanation
    The arrow is going from the anterior to the posterior of the patient.

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  • 19. 

    The type of cell divisions that create new sperm cells is called:

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the type of cell division that creates new sperm cells. During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction and ensures genetic diversity in offspring. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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  • 20. 
    Which plane is shown below: - ProProfs

    Which plane is shown below:

    • Transverse

    • Frontal

    • Sagittal

    Correct Answer
    A. Frontal
    Explanation
    The plane shown in the image is the frontal plane. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves, also known as anterior and posterior. This plane is perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes.

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  • 21. 
    This food is high in what kind of organic molecule? - ProProfs

    This food is high in what kind of organic molecule?

    • Lipids

    • Carbohydrates

    • Nucleic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Lipids
    Explanation
    This food is high in lipids, which are organic molecules that are commonly known as fats. Lipids are an essential component of our diet and provide a concentrated source of energy. They also play important roles in cell structure, insulation, and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

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  • 22. 
    This boy has Down's Syndrome. Which of the following BEST explains how this happened? - ProProfs

    This boy has Down's Syndrome. Which of the following BEST explains how this happened?

    • One of the parent's sex cells was missing a chromosome due to mistakes in meiosis

    • The baby lost chromosomes while growing in the mother's womb through mitosis

    • A mistake during mitosis caused the baby's chromosomes to multiply

    • A mistake during fertilization caused the baby to have an extra sex cell

    Correct Answer
    A. One of the parent's sex cells was missing a chromosome due to mistakes in meiosis
    Explanation
    Down's Syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, also known as trisomy 21. This occurs when one of the parent's sex cells (either the egg or the sperm) undergoes a mistake during meiosis, resulting in an extra copy of chromosome 21. This error in chromosome segregation during meiosis is the most common cause of Down's Syndrome.

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  • 23. 

    How many chromosomes are there in a healthy human sex cell?

    • 46

    • 12

    • 1

    • 23

    Correct Answer
    A. 23
    Explanation
    A healthy human sex cell, also known as a gamete, contains half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells in the body. This is because during sexual reproduction, the gametes from both parents combine to form a new individual with a complete set of chromosomes. In humans, the normal number of chromosomes in a somatic cell is 46, but in a sex cell, it is reduced to 23. This reduction ensures that when the gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes for normal development.

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  • 24. 

    Jaylin sprained his ankle running in the hallway to get to class.  What type of cell division is happening to repair the damaged muscle?

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis
    Explanation
    Mitosis is the correct answer because it is the type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells to repair damaged tissues. In this case, Jaylin's muscle cells are undergoing mitosis to replace the damaged cells and heal the sprained ankle. Meiosis is not applicable in this scenario as it is the type of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells to produce gametes.

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  • 25. 

    Fruits like oranges contain a lot of glucose, which is a molecule we break down to provide energy for our cells. These fruits are full of what kind of molecule? 

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    • Protein

    • Nucleic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbohydrate
    Explanation
    Fruits like oranges contain a lot of glucose, which is a type of carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are molecules that provide energy for our cells when broken down. Therefore, the correct answer is carbohydrate.

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  • 26. 

    Which type of organic molecule stores long-term energy for the body?

    • Carbohydrate

    • Protein

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Lipid
    Explanation
    Lipids are organic molecules that store long-term energy for the body. They are a concentrated source of energy, providing more than double the amount of energy compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Lipids are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down and used as fuel when the body needs energy. Therefore, lipids play a crucial role in energy storage and are an essential component of a balanced diet.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following best explains what causes cancer?

    • Errors during meiosis caused mutated sex cells which are growing into tumors

    • Mitosis is uncontrolled due to damage to the genes and cells are reproducing too fast

    • Not enough cells are dividing because mitosis has stopped

    • Too many cells are going through meiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis is uncontrolled due to damage to the genes and cells are reproducing too fast
    Explanation
    Mitosis is the process of cell division in which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. When there is damage to the genes, it can lead to uncontrolled mitosis, causing cells to reproduce too quickly. This uncontrolled cell division can result in the formation of tumors, which is a characteristic feature of cancer. Therefore, the answer "mitosis is uncontrolled due to damage to the genes and cells are reproducing too fast" best explains what causes cancer.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): May 16, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • May 16, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 20, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Rlabov
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