AHS 307 - Hormonal And Reproductive Drugs

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    Endocrine organs secrete hormones into the _______.

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About This Quiz


Covers material from the lecture on hormones and repro. Drugs, as well as material from chapter 10.

AHS 307 - Hormonal And Reproductive Drugs - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following occurs more often in the body?

    • Positive feedback loops

    • Negative feedback loops

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative feedback loops
    Explanation
    Negative feedback loops occur more often in the body compared to positive feedback loops. Negative feedback loops are regulatory mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis by counteracting any changes in the body's internal environment. They work by sensing deviations from a set point and initiating responses to bring the body back to its optimal state. This ensures stability and balance in various physiological processes. On the other hand, positive feedback loops amplify or enhance a process, leading to a deviation from the normal state. While positive feedback loops have important roles in certain physiological processes, such as blood clotting and childbirth, they are generally less common than negative feedback loops in the body.

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  • 3. 

    Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is used to stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete ___________ in diagnosis of adrenal cortex disease.

    Correct Answer
    glucocorticoids
    Explanation
    ACTH is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex, which is responsible for producing glucocorticoids. When testing for adrenal cortex disease, administering ACTH can help determine if the adrenal cortex is functioning properly by measuring the level of glucocorticoids secreted. Therefore, the correct answer is glucocorticoids.

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  • 4. 

    The adenohypophysis is also called the ______ pituitary gland. (anterior or posterior)

    Correct Answer
    anterior
    Explanation
    The adenohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior pituitary, each with different functions. The adenohypophysis is responsible for producing and secreting several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. Therefore, the correct answer is anterior.

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  • 5. 

    The neurohypophysis is also called the ______ pituitary gland. (anterior or posterior)

    Correct Answer
    posterior
    Explanation
    The neurohypophysis, also known as the posterior pituitary gland, is the back portion of the pituitary gland. It is responsible for storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus, such as oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are transported along nerve fibers from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released into the bloodstream when needed.

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  • 6. 

    Short acting

    • Regular Crystalline

    • Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente

    • Glargine

    • Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente

    Correct Answer
    A. Regular Crystalline
    Explanation
    Regular Crystalline insulin is considered short-acting because it has a relatively fast onset of action and a relatively short duration of action. It is typically taken before meals to control blood sugar levels after eating. Regular Crystalline insulin is a clear solution and is often used in combination with longer-acting insulins to provide both immediate and prolonged blood sugar control.

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  • 7. 

    All hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are __________.

    Correct Answer
    steroids
    Explanation
    All hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are steroids. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing several hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. These hormones are all classified as steroids because they are derived from cholesterol and have a similar chemical structure. Steroids are known for their role in regulating metabolism, inflammation, and electrolyte balance in the body. Therefore, it is accurate to say that all hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are steroids.

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  • 8. 

    When stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, the adrenal medulla produces ________ and ________. (separate answers with one space)

    Correct Answer
    norepinephrine epinephrine
    epinephrine norepinephrine
    Explanation
    When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, the adrenal medulla releases norepinephrine and epinephrine. These hormones are part of the body's stress response and help to prepare the body for a fight or flight situation. Norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, while epinephrine increases blood flow to the muscles and raises blood sugar levels. Both hormones work together to increase alertness and physical readiness in response to stress or danger.

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  • 9. 

    Mineralcorticoids, produced by the adrenal cortex, regulate blood volume and electrolyte concentration in the blood. What is the primary mineralcorticoid?

    Correct Answer
    Aldosterone
    aldosterone
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood volume and electrolyte concentration in the blood. By acting on the kidneys, aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium, helping to maintain the balance of these electrolytes in the body. This hormone also indirectly affects blood pressure by controlling the water balance in the body. Therefore, aldosterone is essential for maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the blood.

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  • 10. 

    Aldosterone conserves ______ ions and water in the body.

    Correct Answer
    Sodium
    sodium
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates the balance of ions and water in the body. It specifically conserves sodium ions and water, helping to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function, fluid balance, and blood pressure regulation. Therefore, aldosterone acts to retain sodium ions and water in the body, ensuring proper physiological functioning.

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  • 11. 

    Adrenocortical insufficiency is also known as _________ disease.

    Correct Answer
    Addison's
    Explanation
    Adrenocortical insufficiency is commonly referred to as Addison's disease. This condition occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Named after the physician Thomas Addison, who first described the disease in 1855, Addison's disease can cause a range of symptoms including fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to restore the hormonal balance in the body.

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  • 12. 

    Hyperadrenocorticism is also known as ______ disease.

    Correct Answer
    Cushing's
    Explanation
    Hyperadrenocorticism is a medical condition characterized by excessive production of cortisol hormone by the adrenal glands. This condition is commonly referred to as Cushing's disease. It is named after Harvey Cushing, the neurosurgeon who first described this condition. The excessive cortisol production can lead to various symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Treatment options for Cushing's disease include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy, depending on the underlying cause.

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  • 13. 

    Very anabolic, can cause aggression and wanderlust.

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone
    Explanation
    Testosterone is a hormone that is known for its anabolic properties, meaning it promotes muscle growth and development. It is also associated with increased aggression, which can be attributed to its influence on mood and behavior. Additionally, testosterone has been linked to an increased desire for exploration and adventure, often referred to as wanderlust. Therefore, the description provided aligns with the characteristics of testosterone.

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  • 14. 

    Anabolic agents are growth promotants.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Anabolic agents are substances that promote growth in living organisms. They can be natural or synthetic compounds that enhance the synthesis of proteins and other molecules involved in growth processes. These agents are commonly used in the field of sports and bodybuilding to increase muscle mass and improve performance. Therefore, it is correct to say that anabolic agents are growth promotants.

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  • 15. 

    Diabetes insipidus is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine caused by the posterior pituitary's failure to produce sufficient ADH, or the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH stimulation.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the body is unable to concentrate urine due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production by the posterior pituitary or the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH. This leads to excessive thirst and frequent urination. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 16. 

    Long-acting

    • Regular Crystalline

    • Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente

    • Glargine

    • Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente

    Correct Answer
    A. Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente
    Explanation
    Protamine Zinc Insulin, also known as Ultralente, is a long-acting insulin. It is a suspension of insulin crystals that are combined with protamine and zinc, which slows down the absorption of insulin into the bloodstream. This type of insulin has a longer duration of action compared to other regular crystalline insulins. Therefore, Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente is the correct answer in this case.

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  • 17. 

    Develops male secondary sex characteristics.

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone
    Explanation
    Testosterone is a hormone that is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics. It is produced in the testes and plays a crucial role in the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and development of muscle mass and strength. Testosterone also contributes to the production of sperm and is involved in regulating sex drive. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it is specifically associated with the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

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  • 18. 

    Select the answer that lists exogenous insulin from shortest acting to longest acting.

    • Regular/crystalline, lente/NPH, PZI/Ultralente, glargine

    • Glargine, regular/crystalline, lente/NPH, PZI/Ultralente

    • Glargine, lente/NPH, PZI/Ultralente, regular/crystalline

    • Lente/NPH, Glargine, PZI/Ultralente, regular/crystalline

    Correct Answer
    A. Regular/crystalline, lente/NPH, PZI/Ultralente, glargine
    Explanation
    The correct answer lists the exogenous insulin from shortest acting to longest acting. Regular/crystalline insulin is a short-acting insulin, followed by lente/NPH insulin which has an intermediate duration of action. PZI/Ultralente insulin has a longer duration of action, and glargine insulin is the longest acting insulin.

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  • 19. 

    Oxytocin is produce by the anterior pituitary gland, whereas lutenizing hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The opposite is correct - oxytocin is produced by the posterior pituitary gland, whereas lutenizing hormone is produced by anterior pituitary gland.

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  • 20. 

    Enzymes, taken orally, diffuse quickly into the blood stream.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Enzymes, being proteins, rarely make it to the blood stream because they are digested by the stomach.

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  • 21. 

    To confirm diabetes in cats, a blood test showing hyperglycemia is sufficient.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Cats can display physiologic hyperglycemia - would need to confirm with a urine sample as well.

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  • 22. 

    Only insulin given IV

    • Regular Crystalline

    • Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente

    • Glargine

    • Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente

    Correct Answer
    A. Regular Crystalline
    Explanation
    Regular Crystalline insulin is the correct answer because it is the only type of insulin that can be given intravenously (IV). The other types of insulin listed, such as Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente, Glargine, and Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente, are typically administered subcutaneously or through other routes, but not intravenously. Regular Crystalline insulin is used for rapid control of blood sugar levels in emergency situations, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, where IV administration is necessary to quickly lower blood glucose levels.

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  • 23. 

    For treating emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis

    • Regular Crystalline

    • Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente

    • Glargine

    • Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente

    Correct Answer
    A. Regular Crystalline
    Explanation
    Regular Crystalline insulin is the correct answer for treating emergencies like diabetic ketoacidosis. This type of insulin is fast-acting and has a shorter duration of action, making it suitable for managing acute situations. It helps lower blood sugar levels quickly and is commonly used in emergency situations where immediate action is required. Other types of insulin mentioned, such as Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente, Glargine, and Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente, may have different onset and duration of action, and therefore may not be as effective in emergency situations.

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  • 24. 

    Anabolic hormones _____  nitrogen retention, catabolic hormones ____ nitrogen retention.

    • Increase, decrease

    • Decrease, increase

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase, decrease
    Explanation
    Anabolic hormones promote the synthesis of proteins and the growth of tissues, which leads to an increase in nitrogen retention. On the other hand, catabolic hormones break down proteins and tissues for energy, resulting in a decrease in nitrogen retention.

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  • 25. 

    Comedones and hair loss are signs of Cushing's disease.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Comedones, which are blackheads or whiteheads, and hair loss can both be signs of Cushing's disease. Cushing's disease is a condition caused by excessive levels of the hormone cortisol in the body. Cortisol can cause changes in the skin, leading to the formation of comedones. Additionally, high levels of cortisol can disrupt the normal hair growth cycle, leading to hair loss. Therefore, the statement that comedones and hair loss are signs of Cushing's disease is true.

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  • 26. 

    Responsible for producing, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and GH

    • Anterior pituitary

    • Posterior pituitary

    • Thyroid

    • Hypothalamus

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior pituitary
    Explanation
    The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and GH (growth hormone). These hormones play important roles in regulating various functions in the body, such as thyroid function, adrenal gland function, reproductive processes, and growth. The posterior pituitary gland, on the other hand, mainly stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. The thyroid is a separate gland that produces hormones involved in metabolism, while the hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

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  • 27. 

    Hypothyroidism is more common in _______, whereas hyperthyroidism is more common in ______.

    • Dogs, cats

    • Cats, dogs

    Correct Answer
    A. Dogs, cats
    Explanation
    Hypothyroidism is more common in dogs, whereas hyperthyroidism is more common in cats. This is because hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, and it is a condition that is more frequently seen in dogs. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to an excessive production of thyroid hormone, and it is more commonly observed in cats.

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  • 28. 

    When must the ACTH stim test  be started by?

    • 7-7:30 AM

    • 8-8:30 AM

    • 9-9:30 AM

    • 10-10:30 AM

    Correct Answer
    A. 8-8:30 AM
    Explanation
    The ACTH stim test is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the function of the adrenal glands. It involves administering a synthetic form of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and measuring the levels of cortisol in the blood before and after the administration. The test must be started between 8-8:30 AM because this is the time when the body naturally produces the highest levels of cortisol. Starting the test at this time ensures that the results accurately reflect the adrenal gland's response to the synthetic ACTH and provides the most reliable information for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency or other adrenal disorders.

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  • 29. 

    Estrogen is the predominant hormone during the follicular phase. Progesterone is the predominant hormone during the luteal phase.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovary prepares to release an egg. Estrogen is the main hormone produced during this phase, which helps in thickening the uterine lining and promoting the growth of the egg. On the other hand, during the luteal phase, the ovary releases the egg and prepares for possible pregnancy. Progesterone is the dominant hormone during this phase, which helps in maintaining the uterine lining and preparing the body for implantation of a fertilized egg. Therefore, it is true that estrogen is the predominant hormone during the follicular phase, while progesterone is the predominant hormone during the luteal phase.

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  • 30. 

    An example of a postive feedback loop is the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland during partrution.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    During childbirth, the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland triggers contractions, which in turn stimulate the release of more oxytocin. This creates a positive feedback loop, as the initial release of oxytocin leads to stronger contractions and further oxytocin release. This feedback loop continues until the baby is delivered. Therefore, the statement that the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland during parturition is an example of a positive feedback loop is true.

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  • 31. 

    The dose of L-thryoxin for animals is ______ compared to people.

    • High

    • Low

    • Same

    Correct Answer
    A. High
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "High." This is because animals generally require a higher dose of L-thyroxine compared to humans. Animals have different metabolic rates and body sizes, which can affect the dosage needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. It is important to adjust the dosage based on the specific needs and characteristics of each animal to ensure optimal treatment.

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  • 32. 

    Adrenocortical insufficiency is diagnosed by what test?

    • ACTH stim test

    • TSH test

    • TRH test

    • Thyroid stim test

    • LDDS test

    Correct Answer
    A. ACTH stim test
    Explanation
    Adrenocortical insufficiency is diagnosed by the ACTH stim test. This test measures the response of the adrenal glands to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In individuals with normal adrenal function, ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. However, in individuals with adrenocortical insufficiency, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol in response to ACTH stimulation. Therefore, the ACTH stim test is used to assess the adrenal gland's ability to produce cortisol and diagnose adrenocortical insufficiency.

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  • 33. 

    Period when animal is sexually quiet. Long phase in seasonally polyestrous and monestrous animals.

    • Proestrus

    • Estrus

    • Metestrus

    • Diestrus

    • Anestrus

    Correct Answer
    A. Anestrus
    Explanation
    Anestrus is the correct answer because it refers to the period when animals are sexually quiet. It is a long phase in seasonally polyestrous and monestrous animals, during which they do not exhibit signs of sexual receptivity or fertility. This phase is characterized by low levels of reproductive hormones and the absence of ovarian activity. During anestrus, animals are not in heat and do not engage in mating or reproductive behaviors.

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  • 34. 

    Used for sychornization and embryo transfers.

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Progesterone
    Explanation
    Progesterone is the correct answer because it is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone is commonly used in synchronization protocols to regulate the timing of ovulation in animals, making it easier to coordinate breeding and embryo transfers. It helps prepare the uterus for implantation and supports the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, progesterone is commonly used in reproductive technologies for assisted reproduction, including embryo transfers.

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  • 35. 

    Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced and secreted after ovulation by the CL. Decreases uterine activity when a female is in estrus or pregnant. A deficiency in progesterone may cause embryonic death in some animals.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Progesterone is indeed a female sex hormone that is produced and secreted after ovulation by the corpus luteum (CL). It plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone also helps in maintaining a healthy pregnancy by reducing uterine activity during estrus and pregnancy. A deficiency in progesterone can lead to various reproductive issues, including embryonic death in some animals. Therefore, the statement "Progesterone is a female sex hormone produced and secreted after ovulation by the CL. Decreases uterine activity when a female is in estrus or pregnant. A deficiency in progesterone may cause embryonic death in some animals" is true.

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  • 36. 

    The treatement for Addison's disease is:

    • Desoxycorticosterone(DOCP)

    • Mitotane

    • Selegiline

    • Trilostane

    Correct Answer
    A. Desoxycorticosterone(DOCP)
    Explanation
    The treatment for Addison's disease is desoxycorticosterone (DOCP). Addison's disease is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. DOCP is a synthetic form of aldosterone that helps to replace the deficient hormone in the body. It helps to regulate salt and water balance, blood pressure, and overall hormone levels. Other options listed, such as mitotane, selegiline, and trilostane, are not commonly used in the treatment of Addison's disease.

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  • 37. 

    Pendulous abdomen is a clinical sign of Addison's disease.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    A sign of CUSHING'S disease.

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  • 38. 

    Also known as somatotropin

    • Growth hormone

    • Follicle stimulating hormone

    • Thyroid stimulating hormone

    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth hormone
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Growth hormone because it is also known as somatotropin. Somatotropin is a hormone that is responsible for stimulating growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. It is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating growth, metabolism, and body composition.

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  • 39. 

    Trophic hormones do not act on the target organ, but cause hormone production that incites other endocringe organs to produce or decrease the desired hormone.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    This statement is true. Trophic hormones are hormones that regulate the function and growth of other endocrine organs. They do not directly act on the target organ but instead stimulate the production or decrease of other hormones that then act on the target organ. This indirect mechanism allows for a more coordinated and controlled regulation of hormone production and secretion in the body.

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  • 40. 

    When glucose enters a cell, it takes with it what molecule?

    • K+

    • Na+

    • Cl-

    • H2O

    Correct Answer
    A. K+
    Explanation
    Glucose enters a cell through a process called facilitated diffusion, which requires the assistance of transport proteins. These transport proteins are specific for certain molecules, and in the case of glucose, they are also capable of transporting potassium ions (K+). Therefore, when glucose enters a cell, it takes with it potassium ions (K+).

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  • 41. 

    Most commonly used, 6-24 hrs in cats, 6-28 hrs in dogs.

    • Regular Crystalline

    • Neutral Protamine Hagedorn/Lente

    • Glargine

    • Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente

    Correct Answer
    A. Protamine Zinc Insulin/Ultralente
    Explanation
    Protamine Zinc Insulin, also known as Ultralente, has a longer duration of action compared to other types of insulin. It is commonly used in both cats and dogs, with a duration of 6-24 hours in cats and 6-28 hours in dogs. This type of insulin is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin combined with protamine, which slows down the absorption and extends the duration of action. It provides a steady and prolonged release of insulin, making it suitable for managing diabetes in animals.

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  • 42. 

    The LDDS test differentiates between Addison's and Cushing's disease.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Differentiates between adrenal and pituitary dependent Cushing's.

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  • 43. 

    "Pendulous abdomen" is due to abnormal nutrient metabolism often associated with which adrenal disorder?

    • Hyperadrenocorticism

    • Hypoadrenocorticism

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperadrenocorticism
    Explanation
    The term "pendulous abdomen" refers to a condition where the abdomen becomes enlarged and hangs down due to abnormal nutrient metabolism. This is commonly seen in hyperadrenocorticism, also known as Cushing's syndrome. In this disorder, the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of cortisol, a hormone that regulates metabolism. The abnormal nutrient metabolism leads to weight gain and redistribution of fat in the body, causing the abdomen to become pendulous. Hypoadrenocorticism, on the other hand, refers to Addison's disease, where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol, and is not associated with a pendulous abdomen.

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  • 44. 

    Cushing's disease is typically cause by 95% _________, and 5%___________.

    • ACTH producing adenoma of the pituitary, adrenal tumors

    • Adrenal tumors, ACTH producing adenoma of the pituitary

    Correct Answer
    A. ACTH producing adenoma of the pituitary, adrenal tumors
    Explanation
    Cushing's disease is typically caused by an ACTH producing adenoma of the pituitary gland in 95% of cases. This adenoma leads to excessive production of ACTH, which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excessive cortisol. In the remaining 5% of cases, Cushing's disease is caused by adrenal tumors, which directly produce excessive cortisol without the involvement of ACTH.

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  • 45. 

    Decreased FSH Increased LH Females is receptive.

    • Proestrus

    • Estrus

    • Metestrus

    • Diestrus

    • Anestrus

    Correct Answer
    A. Estrus
    Explanation
    Estrus is the correct answer because during this stage of the estrous cycle in female mammals, including humans, the female is receptive to mating. This is characterized by increased levels of estrogen and decreased levels of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). The other stages mentioned in the options are different phases of the estrous cycle but do not correspond to the receptive phase.

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  • 46. 

    Raises blood pressure, fluid volume, increases Na+ uptake. Principle mineralcorticoid.

    • Aldosterone

    • Pregnenolone

    • Estradiol

    • Cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Aldosterone
    Explanation
    Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium ions, which leads to an increase in fluid volume and subsequently raises blood pressure. Aldosterone is classified as a mineralocorticoid, which refers to its primary function of regulating electrolyte and fluid balance. Therefore, it is the correct answer in this context.

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  • 47. 

    SE: Vaginal bleeding, increased bladder sphincter tone, mildly anabolic

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Estrogen
    Explanation
    Estrogen is the correct answer because it is responsible for various functions in the female reproductive system. Vaginal bleeding is a common symptom associated with estrogen levels, as it plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle. Increased bladder sphincter tone can also be influenced by estrogen, as it helps maintain the integrity of the urinary system. Additionally, estrogen has mild anabolic effects, meaning it promotes tissue growth and development. Therefore, considering the symptoms mentioned, estrogen is the most suitable hormone to explain the given scenario.

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  • 48. 

    Suppresses estrous

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Progesterone
    Explanation
    Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterus for pregnancy. One of its functions is to suppress the estrous cycle, which is the reproductive cycle in mammals other than primates. During the estrous cycle, females experience periods of sexual receptivity and fertility. Progesterone inhibits this cycle, preventing the female from going into heat and becoming sexually receptive. Therefore, progesterone is the correct answer as it is the hormone that suppresses estrous.

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  • 49. 

    Catabolic. Increases BG, water retention, BP, fat depostition.

    • Estrogen

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Cortisone

    Correct Answer
    A. Cortisone
    Explanation
    Cortisone is a steroid hormone that is released in response to stress. It has catabolic effects, meaning it breaks down tissues and substances in the body. Cortisone increases blood glucose levels, water retention, blood pressure, and fat deposition. This hormone is involved in regulating the body's response to inflammation and stress.

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  • Jun 30, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Nov 02, 2011
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