Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Exam
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Do you know anything about photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Do you think you can pass this quiz? Photosynthesis produces the glucose that is utilized in cellular respiration to produce ATP. The glucose is then transformed back into carbon dioxide, which is employed in photosynthesis in cellular respiration, oxygen is mixed with hydrogen to form water.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Energy is released from ATP when
- A.
A phosphate group is added.
- B.
Adenine bonds to ribose.
- C.
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
- D.
A phosphate group is removed.
Correct Answer
D. A phosphate group is removed.Explanation
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and releases energy in cells. It consists of a molecule of adenosine and three phosphate groups. When a phosphate group is removed from ATP by hydrolysis, energy is released. This is because the high-energy phosphate bond is broken, resulting in the formation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This energy release is used by cells for various processes such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is that energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In the Calvin cycle
- A.
Carbon dioxide is used to create organic molecules
- B.
Energy in the form of ATP is used
- C.
NADPH is required
- D.
Glucose is formed
- E.
All of these
Correct Answer
E. All of theseExplanation
In the Calvin cycle, all of the mentioned processes occur. Carbon dioxide is used to create organic molecules, energy in the form of ATP is used, NADPH is required, and glucose is formed. This cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of plants, and it is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into glucose, a process known as carbon fixation. So, all of the given statements are true and contribute to the overall functioning of the Calvin cycle.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
- A.
In the stroma
- B.
Outside the chloroplasts
- C.
In the thylakoid membranes
- D.
Only in chlorophyll molecules
Correct Answer
C. In the thylakoid membranesExplanation
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes. These reactions involve the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll molecules, which are located in the thylakoid membranes. The energy from the absorbed light is used to convert water into oxygen and to generate energy-rich molecules like ATP and NADPH. Therefore, the thylakoid membranes play a crucial role in capturing and converting light energy into chemical energy that can be used in the subsequent steps of photosynthesis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In the light-dependent reactions
- A.
Carbon dioxide is fixed
- B.
ATP and NADPH form
- C.
Carbon dioxide accepts electrons
- D.
Glucose molecules form
Correct Answer
B. ATP and NADPH formExplanation
In the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH form. This is because during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is used to excite electrons in chlorophyll molecules. These excited electrons are then transferred through a series of electron carriers, ultimately leading to the formation of ATP and NADPH. ATP is a high-energy molecule that provides energy for various cellular processes, while NADPH is a reducing agent that provides the necessary electrons for the Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed and glucose molecules are formed.Rate this question:
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- 5.
ADP contains which of these sugars?
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Ribose
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Guanine
Correct Answer
B. RiboseExplanation
ADP, or adenosine diphosphate, is a molecule that consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups. Therefore, the correct answer is ribose, as it is one of the sugars present in ADP.Rate this question:
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- 6.
ATP releases energy when a bond is broken between
- A.
Two phosphate groups.
- B.
Adenine and ribose.
- C.
Adenine and a phosphate group.
- D.
Ribose and a phosphate group.
Correct Answer
A. Two phosphate groups.Explanation
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and releases energy in cells. It consists of three phosphate groups, a ribose sugar, and an adenine base. When ATP is used, it undergoes hydrolysis, where a bond between two phosphate groups is broken, resulting in the release of energy. Therefore, the correct answer is that ATP releases energy when a bond is broken between two phosphate groups.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Energy is stored when
- A.
The third phosphate group breaks off from a ADP molecule.
- B.
Cells break down sucrose to glucose and fructose.
- C.
A third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to form ATP.
- D.
Minerals are released into the bloodstream.
Correct Answer
C. A third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to form ATP.Explanation
Energy is stored when a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to form ATP. This process is known as phosphorylation and it occurs during cellular respiration. ATP is the primary energy currency of cells and when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, energy is released for cellular processes. The addition of a third phosphate group to ADP requires energy input and results in the formation of ATP, which can then be used by cells for various energy-requiring reactions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is NOT a part of adenosine diphosphate?
- A.
Three phosphate groups
- B.
Two phosphate groups
- C.
Ribose
- D.
Adenine
Correct Answer
A. Three phosphate groupsExplanation
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a molecule composed of adenosine, which consists of a ribose sugar and an adenine base, and two phosphate groups. The correct answer is "three phosphate groups" because ADP only has two phosphate groups. The presence of three phosphate groups would make it adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the molecule that stores and releases energy in cells.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The three parts of an ATP molecule are
- A.
Adenine, chlorophyll, stroma.
- B.
Adenine, grana, chlorophyll.
- C.
Adenine, ribose, phosphate.
- D.
NADH, NADPH, and adenine.
Correct Answer
C. Adenine, ribose, phosphate.Explanation
The correct answer is adenine, ribose, phosphate. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of three main components: adenine, a nitrogenous base; ribose, a five-carbon sugar; and phosphate groups. Adenine is a purine base, ribose is a pentose sugar, and phosphate groups are responsible for the high-energy bonds in ATP. Together, these three components form the structure of ATP, which serves as the primary energy currency in cells.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is NOT true?
- A.
ATP consists of adenine, ribose, and phosphate.
- B.
When ATP releasesenergy, ADP is formed.
- C.
ATP provides energy for cells to function
- D.
Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.
Correct Answer
D. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.Explanation
ATP is not discarded by the cell as waste. Instead, it is recycled and regenerated in a continuous cycle known as the ATP cycle. When ATP is used by the cell to provide energy, it is converted into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. However, the ADP can be converted back into ATP through processes like cellular respiration, allowing it to be reused by the cell. Therefore, the statement that used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste is not true.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of these is NOT part of cellular respiration?
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Electron transport
- C.
Krebs cycle
- D.
Glycolysis
Correct Answer
A. PhotosynthesisExplanation
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is responsible for producing the energy-rich molecules needed for cellular respiration. On the other hand, cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP. It consists of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Therefore, photosynthesis is not part of cellular respiration, as it is a separate process that occurs in different organelles of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The correct order of cellular respiration is
- A.
Glycolysis-fermentation-Krebs cycle.
- B.
Fermentation-electron transport- glycolysis.
- C.
Glycolysis-Kreb cycle- electron transport.
- D.
Krebs cycle-glycolysis-electron transport.
Correct Answer
C. Glycolysis-Kreb cycle- electron transport.Explanation
The correct order of cellular respiration is glycolysis-Krebs cycle-electron transport. This is because glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. The pyruvate then enters the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, where it is further broken down and produces energy-rich molecules. Finally, the energy-rich molecules generated in the Krebs cycle are used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Cellular respiration always releases
- A.
Oxygen.
- B.
Carbon monoxide.
- C.
Energy.
- D.
Lactic acid.
Correct Answer
C. Energy.Explanation
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, but it is not released as a byproduct. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that is not produced during cellular respiration. Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration, not cellular respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is energy, as cellular respiration releases energy in the form of ATP.Rate this question:
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- 14.
During aerobic cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose is used to produce how many ATP molecules?
- A.
2
- B.
8
- C.
36
- D.
40
Correct Answer
C. 36Explanation
During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of metabolic reactions. In the process, each molecule of glucose produces a net gain of 36 ATP molecules. This occurs through the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. These reactions involve the conversion of glucose into pyruvate, the generation of high-energy molecules such as NADH and FADH2, and the subsequent production of ATP through the electron transport chain. Therefore, the correct answer is 36.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following correctly summarizes aerobic cellar respiration?
- A.
602+C6H12O6-6CO2+6H2O+energy
- B.
6O2+C6H12O6+ energy-6CO2+6H2O
- C.
6CO2+6H2O-6O2+C6HO6+energy
- D.
6CO2+6H2O+energy-6O2+C6H12O6
Correct Answer
A. 602+C6H12O6-6CO2+6H2O+energyExplanation
The correct answer summarizes aerobic cellular respiration as the process in which glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is essential for the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of these if broken down during cellular respiration to release energy?
- A.
Food molecules
- B.
ADP
- C.
Water
- D.
Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Food moleculesExplanation
During cellular respiration, food molecules are broken down to release energy. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic compounds through a series of chemical reactions, such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. These reactions release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of cells. Therefore, food molecules serve as the source of energy for cellular respiration.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of these occurs in the cytoplasm?
- A.
Glycolysis
- B.
Electron transport
- C.
Krebs cycle
- D.
Photosynthesis
Correct Answer
A. GlycolysisExplanation
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It is the first step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process and is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
- A.
Bread that is rising.
- B.
Any environment without oxygen.
- C.
Muscle cells.
- D.
Mitochondria.
Correct Answer
C. Muscle cells.Explanation
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells. During intense exercise, the body may not be able to supply enough oxygen to the muscles, leading to a switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration. In this anaerobic condition, glucose is broken down into lactic acid, which accumulates in the muscles, causing fatigue and muscle soreness. This process helps to provide a temporary energy source for the muscles when oxygen is limited.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Muscle soreness can be caused by
- A.
The Krebs cycle.
- B.
Glycolysis.
- C.
Lactic acid fermentation.
- D.
The Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer
C. Lactic acid fermentation.Explanation
Muscle soreness, also known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), is a common condition that occurs after intense exercise. It is believed to be caused by microdamage to muscle fibers, which triggers an inflammatory response. Lactic acid fermentation is the process that occurs in the absence of oxygen during intense exercise, leading to the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. This buildup of lactic acid can contribute to muscle soreness and fatigue. Therefore, lactic acid fermentation is the most likely cause of muscle soreness among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When oxygen is present, what follows glycolysis?
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Lactic acid fermentation
- C.
Alcohol fermentation
- D.
The Krebs cycle
Correct Answer
D. The Krebs cycleExplanation
When oxygen is present, the next step after glycolysis is the Krebs cycle. This cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondria of cells. It involves a series of chemical reactions that further break down glucose and produce energy-rich molecules such as ATP and NADH. The Krebs cycle is an essential part of aerobic respiration, where oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing for the efficient production of energy in the form of ATP.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it must have which of the following to occur?
- A.
Sunlight
- B.
Water
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Glycogen
Correct Answer
C. OxygenExplanation
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it requires oxygen to occur. Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Without oxygen, cells cannot efficiently produce ATP through aerobic respiration and would have to rely on anaerobic processes, which are less efficient. Therefore, the presence of oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration to take place.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The Krebs cycle will NOT occur if
- A.
Oxygen is present.
- B.
Fermentation occurs.
- C.
Carbon dioxide is present.
- D.
Water is present.
Correct Answer
B. Fermentation occurs.Explanation
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. It is an aerobic process, meaning it requires the presence of oxygen to proceed. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is an essential step for the Krebs cycle to occur. Fermentation, on the other hand, is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. During fermentation, glucose is broken down to produce energy without the involvement of the Krebs cycle. Therefore, if fermentation occurs, it indicates the absence of oxygen, which prevents the Krebs cycle from taking place.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is
- A.
Chloroplasts.
- B.
ATP.
- C.
Chlorophyll.
- D.
Thylakoid membranes.
Correct Answer
C. Chlorophyll.Explanation
Chlorophyll is the correct answer because it is a green pigment found in chloroplasts, which are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy, which is used to produce ATP and ultimately fuel the plant's growth and metabolism. Chlorophyll is located within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.Rate this question:
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- 24.
During photosynthesis, the light reactions
- A.
Release carbon dioxide.
- B.
Release oxygen.
- C.
Create water molecules from hydrogen and oxygen.
- D.
Produce NADP.
Correct Answer
B. Release oxygen.Explanation
During photosynthesis, the light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. These reactions involve the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll and the conversion of this energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. One of the byproducts of these reactions is the release of oxygen gas (O2) into the atmosphere. This oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis and is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms on Earth.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following best summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
- A.
C+O2+H2O+energy-CO2+H20
- B.
6CO2+6H2O+energy-C6H12O6+6O2
- C.
C12H6O6-6CO2+6H2O+energy
- D.
6CO+6H2O-C6H12O6+energy
Correct Answer
B. 6CO2+6H2O+energy-C6H12O6+6O2Explanation
The correct answer summarizes the process of photosynthesis, which is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight. This process is represented by the equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Plants take in the sun's energy by absorbing
- A.
High-energy carbohydrates.
- B.
Chlorophyll.
- C.
Chloroplasts.
- D.
Sunlight.
Correct Answer
D. Sunlight.Explanation
Plants take in the sun's energy through a process called photosynthesis, in which sunlight is converted into chemical energy. This energy is used to produce high-energy carbohydrates, such as glucose, which serve as the main source of fuel for the plant. Chlorophyll, found in chloroplasts, is the pigment that captures the sunlight and initiates the photosynthesis process. However, while chlorophyll and chloroplasts are essential components of photosynthesis, they are not directly responsible for absorbing the sun's energy. Therefore, the correct answer is sunlight.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The Calvin cycle produces
- A.
Oxygen gas.
- B.
ADP.
- C.
High-energy sugar.
- D.
Carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer
C. High-energy sugar.Explanation
The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts of plants during photosynthesis. It uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into high-energy sugar molecules, such as glucose. These high-energy sugars are then used by the plant as a source of energy for growth and other metabolic processes. Therefore, the correct answer is high-energy sugar.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which would you expect to increase the rate of photosynthesis?
- A.
Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration
- B.
Decreasing the intensity of exposure to light
- C.
Increasing the oxygen concentration
- D.
Decreasing the duration of exposure to light
Correct Answer
B. Decreasing the intensity of exposure to lightExplanation
Decreasing the intensity of exposure to light would be expected to increase the rate of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth. By decreasing the intensity of light, the plant is able to optimize its energy absorption and utilization. This allows the plant to balance the amount of energy it receives with its ability to convert that energy into usable forms. As a result, the rate of photosynthesis increases as the plant is able to efficiently utilize the available light energy.Rate this question:
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Nov 16, 2023Quiz Edited by
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