Educational Psychology - Qp4

The explanation for the given correct answer is that evidence has shown that both imagery code and semantic code contribute to the formation and storage of long-term memories. Imagery code involves the use of mental images or visual representations, while semantic code involves the meaning and understanding of information. These two coding systems work together to help encode and retrieve memories, supporting the statement that imagery code and semantic code play a role in long-term memory.

Freud's repression hypothesis suggests that certain traumatic experiences from childhood are repressed and kept in the unconscious mind. According to this hypothesis, if these experiences were to resurface in consciousness later in life, it would lead to overwhelming anxiety. This supports the idea that there are deeply buried memories and emotions that influence our psychological well-being. Therefore, the given statement is true.

The research suggests that one of the factors that increase the chances of successful retrieval is ensuring that the context in which we retrieve information is similar to the context in which we encoded it. This means that when we try to recall information, it is more likely to be successful if the environment, state of mind, or other contextual cues are similar to the ones present when we initially learned or encoded the information. This similarity in context helps to trigger the retrieval of the information from our memory. Organizing the information in retrieval is not mentioned as a factor in the research.

Anxiety is often accompanied by extraneous thoughts because when a person is anxious, their mind tends to race and jump from one thought to another. These thoughts are often unrelated to the current situation and can be distracting and overwhelming. This is a common symptom of anxiety and can make it difficult for individuals to focus or relax.

This statement suggests that encoding sentences based on their general meaning is especially noticeable or noticeable in a significant way. This implies that when we try to remember or understand sentences, we often focus on the overall meaning rather than specific details. Therefore, the answer is true.

The statement suggests that coding by statements results in the best memory. However, this is not necessarily true. The efficiency of memory usage in coding depends on various factors such as the programming language, the algorithms used, and the optimization techniques applied. Therefore, it cannot be generalized that coding by statements always leads to the best memory usage.

Poor memory may not necessarily reflect a storage failure, as it could also be due to a retrieval failure. This means that the information is stored in memory but cannot be accessed or retrieved at a given time. Therefore, the statement that poor memory reflects a storage failure rather than a retrieval failure is incorrect.

The explanation for the answer being False is that non-verbal materials do not necessarily rely on the meanings of the items. While the dominant code in non-verbal materials can be based on various factors such as colors, shapes, patterns, or visual representations, it does not always solely depend on the meanings of the items. Therefore, the statement that the dominant code in non-verbal materials is based on the meanings of the items is incorrect.

State-dependent learning refers to the phenomenon where memory retrieval is enhanced when a person is in the same state or condition as they were during encoding or learning. This means that if someone learns something while they are in a specific state (e.g., happy, sad, intoxicated), they are more likely to remember it better when they are in the same state again. Therefore, the statement that factors like state-dependent learning decrease retrieval is incorrect. In fact, state-dependent learning can actually improve retrieval by providing contextual cues that aid memory recall.