Muscular/Nervous System Disorders Quiz

Explanation
The given symptoms, including rigidity, hypokinesia (reduced movement), resting tremors, freezing during movement, and visuoperceptive impairments, are characteristic of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the dopamine-producing cells in the brain, leading to movement difficulties and other motor and non-motor symptoms. Multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy may also present with some overlapping symptoms, but the combination of these specific symptoms points towards Parkinson's as the most likely explanation.

Explanation
The symptoms described in the question, such as cognitive impairment, sensory-motor dysfunction, and brainstem mobility dysfunction, are characteristic of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to the destruction of the protective covering of nerve fibers. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, including cognitive difficulties, loss of coordination, and sensory impairments. The exacerbation of symptoms by emotional stress, systemic illness, and prolonged bed rest is also consistent with the unpredictable nature of multiple sclerosis.

Explanation
The given symptoms describe muscular dystrophy. It is characterized by muscle weakness that is not significant until midlife in the case of Becker's type, and severe muscle wasting that begins in utero and presents in early infancy in the case of Duchenne's Dystrophy. The disease is marked by skeletal deformities due to wasting and can lead to death by the late teens or 40-50 years of age. Respiratory failure is also a common feature of muscular dystrophy.

Explanation
The correct answer is Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that affects movement. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. The treatment for Parkinson's disease involves the use of drugs to replace dopamine, which is lacking in the brain of Parkinson's patients. These drugs help to alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, psychosis, dyskinesia, and dystonia. Physical therapy can also be beneficial for gait retraining, and in some cases, surgical procedures like interruption of the basal ganglia or transplant of fetal tissue may be considered.

Explanation
Muscular dystrophy is the correct answer because the given list of medical treatments and interventions aligns with the management of this condition. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that affects the muscles, causing progressive weakness and degeneration. The mentioned interventions such as laboratory testing for diagnostics, genetic testing, referral to physical therapy for strengthening and bracing, and referral to speech therapy for dysphasia/dysarthria are all commonly used in the management of muscular dystrophy. Additionally, the provision of durable medical equipment (DME) for environmental modifications is also a common intervention for individuals with muscular dystrophy to improve their mobility and independence.

Explanation
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by relapsing and remitting symptoms, meaning that symptoms may come and go over time. This matches the first term "Relapsing" in the given list. Additionally, multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease, meaning that it worsens over time, which corresponds to the term "chronic progressive" in the list. Therefore, the correct answer is Multiple sclerosis.

Explanation
The given description of the type of Multiple sclerosis matches with the characteristics of Relapsing remitting MS. This type is the most common, affecting 60-70% of the population. It is characterized by sudden and rapid deterioration of symptoms, followed by periods of recovery. These relapses can vary in severity and duration, and the disease typically does not progress steadily over time. Therefore, the correct answer is Relapsing remitting.

Explanation
The given answer, chronic progressive, is the most appropriate choice because it accurately reflects the information provided. The statement "More males approx 15% of population at onset" suggests that the condition is more common in males and that it starts at a certain point in time. The terms "relapsing readmitting," "benign," and "fulminant" do not align with this information and are therefore not the correct answer choices.

Explanation
The correct answer is "benign". This term is used to describe a condition or disease that is not harmful or life-threatening. In the given context, it suggests that the patient's condition remains stable and they are able to function normally even 15 years after being diagnosed. This implies that the disease is not progressive or severe, and the patient's health is not significantly impacted.

Explanation
Fulminant refers to a sudden and severe onset of a disease or condition. In the context of the given options, fulminant would be the most appropriate term to describe the rapid progressive early severe disability and death. It suggests that the disease progresses rapidly and leads to severe disability and death in a short period of time.

Explanation
The correct answer is Parkinson. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement and is characterized by symptoms such as tremors, decreased functional mobility, impaired cognition, and decreased strength. Occupational therapy (OT) is often used as a treatment approach for individuals with Parkinson's to address these symptoms and improve their overall quality of life. OT interventions may focus on improving functional mobility, addressing safety issues, modifying the environment to reduce barriers, and implementing strategies to manage tremors and cognitive impairments.

Explanation
The given symptoms are consistent with multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system. It can cause a variety of symptoms including abnormal tone, decreased strength, skin sensitivity, decreased function and mobility, dependence in activities of daily living, and psychiatric symptoms. The mention of "intensive restorative approaches" suggests that the treatment is focused on rehabilitation and restoring function, which is commonly used in the acute phase of multiple sclerosis. Additionally, the mention of "family/patient education" indicates the importance of educating both the patient and their family about the condition, which is often done in multiple sclerosis management.

Explanation
Muscular Dystrophy is the correct answer because the symptoms described in the given explanation align with the characteristics of this condition. Muscular Dystrophy is a progressive genetic disorder that leads to muscle weakness and decreased muscle function. The decreased range of motion, strength, and mobility described in the explanation are all common symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy. Additionally, the mention of decreased skin integrity, fatigue, and pain are also associated with this condition. The other options, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's, may have some overlapping symptoms but do not fully match the symptoms described in the explanation.