8sg2 Yearly Science Exam
Year 8 - 2016 End of Year Science Exam
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The particle of an atom with a positive charge is known as the:
- A.
Neutron
- B.
Proton
- C.
Electron
- D.
Particle
Correct Answer
B. ProtonExplanation
The particle of an atom with a positive charge is known as a proton. Protons are found in the nucleus of an atom and have a positive electrical charge. They are responsible for determining the atomic number of an element and contribute to the overall mass of the atom. Neutrons, on the other hand, have no charge, while electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus. The term "particle" is too general and does not specifically refer to the positively charged particle in an atom.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The particles that move around the nucleus of an atom are called:
- A.
Neutrons
- B.
Protons
- C.
Electrons
- D.
Ions
Correct Answer
C. ElectronsExplanation
Electrons are the particles that move around the nucleus of an atom. They have a negative charge and are much smaller in size compared to protons and neutrons. Electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties and behavior of an atom, as they are involved in chemical bonding and the formation of molecules.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All atoms are made up of what 3 basic components?
- A.
Nucleus, protons and electrons
- B.
Ions, protons and electrons
- C.
Electrons, protons and neutrons
- D.
Elements, compounds and mixtures
Correct Answer
C. Electrons, protons and neutronsExplanation
Atoms are composed of three basic components: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus. Neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus. These three components together determine the properties and behavior of an atom.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In the table shown which letter best describes the characteristics of a metal?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
Correct Answer
C. CExplanation
The question asks for the letter that best describes the characteristics of a metal. Since the table is not provided, it is impossible to determine the specific characteristics associated with each letter. Therefore, without further information, it is not possible to provide a meaningful explanation for why answer C is correct.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In the table shown which letter best describes the characteristics of a non-metal?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
Based on the information given, the letter A is the best description of the characteristics of a non-metal. However, without further information or context from the table, it is not possible to provide a more specific explanation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In the picture shown, what is represented by line A?
- A.
Atomic number
- B.
Atomic mass
- C.
Number of protons
- D.
The group number
Correct Answer
A. Atomic numberExplanation
Line A in the picture represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is a unique identifier for each element and determines its position on the periodic table. The atomic number also determines the chemical properties and behavior of an element.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In the picture shown, which line represents the symbol for the element?
- A.
B
- B.
A
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. BExplanation
In the given picture, line B represents the symbol for the element.Rate this question:
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- 8.
An element be broken down into a simpler substance
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
This statement is false. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements are the fundamental building blocks of matter and cannot be further broken down by any chemical means. They are made up of only one type of atom and retain their unique properties.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In the picture shown, what does the box labelled A represent?
- A.
Pure Element –only one typeof atom present
- B.
Mixture of two elements –two types of uncombined atoms present.
- C.
Pure compound –only one type of compound present
- D.
Mixture of two compounds –two types of compounds present
- E.
Mixture of a compound and an element.
Correct Answer
D. Mixture of two compounds –two types of compounds presentExplanation
The box labelled A represents a mixture of two compounds, as indicated by the presence of two types of compounds.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In the picture shown, what does the box labelled B represent?
- A.
Pure Element –only one typeof atom present
- B.
Mixture of two elements –two types of uncombined atoms present.
- C.
Pure compound –only one type of compound present
- D.
Mixture of two compounds –two types of compounds present
- E.
Mixture of a compound and an element.
Correct Answer
C. Pure compound –only one type of compound presentExplanation
The box labelled B represents a pure compound because it contains only one type of compound. A pure compound is composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. In the given picture, there are no other compounds or elements present in box B, indicating that it is a pure compound.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In the picture shown, what does the box labelled C represent?
- A.
Pure Element –only one typeof atom present
- B.
Mixture of two elements –two types of uncombined atoms present.
- C.
Pure compound –only one type of compound present
- D.
Mixture of two compounds –two types of compounds present
- E.
Mixture of a compound and an element.
Correct Answer
A. Pure Element –only one typeof atom presentExplanation
The box labelled C represents a pure element, where only one type of atom is present. This means that the substance in the box consists of only one type of atom and is not combined with any other elements or compounds.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The chemical formula for the compound salt is NaCl. Salt contains the elements:(hint = use the picture shown)
- A.
Sodium and carbon
- B.
Sodium and chlorine
- C.
Chlorine and nitrogen
- D.
Nitrogen and carbon
Correct Answer
B. Sodium and chlorineExplanation
The chemical formula for salt is NaCl, which indicates that it is composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms. Sodium and chlorine combine to form an ionic bond, resulting in the formation of the compound salt.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Most of the worlds electricity comes from the burning of:
- A.
Alcohol
- B.
Coal
- C.
Oil
- D.
Natural gas
Correct Answer
B. CoalExplanation
Coal is the correct answer because it is one of the primary sources of electricity generation worldwide. Coal-fired power plants burn coal to produce steam, which then drives turbines connected to generators, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Despite the environmental concerns associated with coal combustion, it remains a significant contributor to global electricity production due to its abundance and relatively low cost compared to other sources such as oil and natural gas.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Coal stores energy. The energy originally came from:
- A.
The Earth
- B.
The sun
- C.
Chemicals
- D.
Rocks
Correct Answer
B. The sunExplanation
Coal is formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago. These plants absorbed energy from the sun through photosynthesis and converted it into chemical energy, which was stored in their tissues. Over time, these plants were buried and subjected to heat and pressure, transforming them into coal. Therefore, the energy stored in coal originally came from the sun.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A natural fuel formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms is known as:
- A.
A fossil fuel
- B.
Solar energy
- C.
Geothermal
- D.
Biomass
Correct Answer
A. A fossil fuelExplanation
A natural fuel formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms is known as a fossil fuel. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are formed over millions of years from the decomposition of organic matter, such as plants and animals, that lived millions of years ago. These fuels are non-renewable resources and are widely used for energy production due to their high energy content.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of these resources is non-renewable?
- A.
Natural gas
- B.
Wind
- C.
Solar energy
- D.
Hydroelectricity
Correct Answer
A. Natural gasExplanation
Natural gas is a non-renewable resource because it is formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals buried deep in the earth. Once extracted and burned for energy, it cannot be easily replenished within a human lifetime. In contrast, wind, solar energy, and hydroelectricity are considered renewable resources as they are naturally replenished and can be harnessed without depleting the earth's finite reserves.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Plants obtain the energy to make food from:
- A.
Water
- B.
Air
- C.
Soil
- D.
The sun
Correct Answer
D. The sunExplanation
Plants obtain the energy to make food from the sun through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, along with carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, to produce glucose (food) and oxygen. The sun's energy is captured by chlorophyll in the plant's leaves, which converts it into chemical energy that can be used for growth and development. Therefore, the sun is the ultimate source of energy for plants, enabling them to carry out their vital life processes.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
- A.
Oil
- B.
Iron ore
- C.
Solar energy
- D.
Hydrogen
Correct Answer
A. OilExplanation
Oil is a fossil fuel because it is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that were buried and subjected to high heat and pressure over millions of years. This process transformed the organic matter into hydrocarbons, which make up crude oil. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and are widely used for energy production due to their high energy content.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is NOT a chemical change?
- A.
Burning a match
- B.
Dissolving sugar in tea
- C.
Ripening of a banana
- D.
Cooking a cake
Correct Answer
B. Dissolving sugar in teaExplanation
Dissolving sugar in tea is not a chemical change because it does not result in the formation of new substances. It is a physical change where the sugar molecules disperse evenly throughout the tea, but the chemical composition of both the sugar and the tea remains the same. In contrast, burning a match, ripening a banana, and cooking a cake involve chemical reactions that result in the formation of new substances.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Potential Energy (PE) is:
- A.
The energy caused by the movement of an object
- B.
Energy that is stored (like compressed springs)
- C.
The energy that is used when a light is switched on
- D.
The energy released when a runner gets hot
Correct Answer
B. Energy that is stored (like compressed springs)Explanation
Potential Energy (PE) is the energy that is stored in an object due to its position or state. It is not caused by the movement of an object, but rather by its potential to do work. This type of energy can be found in various forms, such as gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy (like compressed springs), or chemical potential energy. When the object's position or state changes, this stored energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Batteries are stores of:
- A.
Electrical energy
- B.
Chemical energy
- C.
Kinetic energy
- D.
Acidic energy
Correct Answer
B. Chemical energyExplanation
Batteries are stores of chemical energy. This is because batteries store energy through a chemical reaction that occurs within them. When a battery is connected to a circuit, the chemical reaction takes place, converting the stored chemical energy into electrical energy, which can then be used to power devices. Therefore, the correct answer is chemical energy.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Food is a source of:
- A.
Electrical energy
- B.
Chemical energy
- C.
Kinetic energy
- D.
Thermal energy
Correct Answer
B. Chemical energyExplanation
Food is a source of chemical energy because it contains molecules that can be broken down through chemical reactions in the body. These reactions release energy that can be used for various functions such as growth, movement, and metabolism. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, is converted into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration. This ATP is then used by cells to carry out their functions. Therefore, food serves as a source of chemical energy for the body.Rate this question:
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- 23.
This image shows which method of heat transfer:
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Thermal energy
Correct Answer
B. ConvectionExplanation
The image shows convection as the method of heat transfer. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, such as liquids or gases. In the image, there is a clear depiction of fluid movement, indicating the transfer of heat through convection. This method occurs when warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks, creating a continuous flow of heat transfer.Rate this question:
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- 24.
This image shows which method of heat transfer:
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Thermal energy
Correct Answer
A. ConductionExplanation
The image depicts a solid object in direct contact with another solid object, suggesting the transfer of heat through direct contact or conduction. Conduction is the process of heat transfer between objects that are in direct contact with each other, where heat energy flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. This image does not show any fluid movement or electromagnetic waves, ruling out convection and radiation as methods of heat transfer.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In which situation below is heat being transferred mainly by radiation?
- A.
From a hot clothes iron to your hand held close to it
- B.
From hot plate on the stove to the soup in the saucepan
- C.
From a hot car door to your hand placed on the metal
- D.
From a hot drink to the end of a metal spoon used to stir it
Correct Answer
A. From a hot clothes iron to your hand held close to itExplanation
Heat is being transferred mainly by radiation from a hot clothes iron to your hand held close to it. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, and in this situation, the heat from the clothes iron is being transferred to your hand without any direct contact or movement of particles.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is the main advantage of wind power?
- A.
It does not work unless there is wind
- B.
It is a renewable energy source
- C.
It uses large turbines
- D.
In no way does it harm the ecosystem
Correct Answer
B. It is a renewable energy sourceExplanation
The main advantage of wind power is that it is a renewable energy source. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and will eventually run out, wind power relies on the natural movement of air currents and is therefore sustainable in the long term. This makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional forms of energy production that contribute to climate change and pollution. Wind power also has the potential to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy sources and promote a more sustainable and cleaner energy future.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the main disadvantage of a coal fired power plant?
- A.
It is a non-renewable energy source
- B.
It is a renewable energy source
- C.
It is cheap
- D.
It is relatively easy to obtain
Correct Answer
A. It is a non-renewable energy sourceExplanation
The main disadvantage of a coal-fired power plant is that it is a non-renewable energy source. This means that coal is a finite resource and once it is depleted, it cannot be replaced. Unlike renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power, which can be replenished naturally, coal takes millions of years to form. Therefore, relying on coal for energy production contributes to the depletion of a valuable resource and increases our dependence on fossil fuels, which have negative environmental impacts such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Is the picture shown a physical or chemical change?
- A.
Physical
- B.
Chemical
Correct Answer
A. pHysicalExplanation
The picture shown is likely a physical change because physical changes involve a change in the appearance or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Since the question does not provide any specific details about the picture, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the change. However, physical changes can include processes like melting, freezing, or dissolving, which do not involve a chemical reaction.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Is the picture shown a physical or chemical change?
- A.
Physical
- B.
Chemical
Correct Answer
B. ChemicalExplanation
The picture is a chemical change because it involves a transformation at the molecular level, resulting in the formation of new substances. Physical changes, on the other hand, do not alter the chemical composition of a substance.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Is the picture shown a physical or chemical change?
- A.
Physical
- B.
Chemical
Correct Answer
B. ChemicalExplanation
Without the picture, it is impossible to determine the specific physical or chemical change being referred to.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Is the picture shown a physical or chemical change?
- A.
Physical
- B.
Chemical
Correct Answer
A. pHysicalExplanation
The picture shown is most likely depicting a physical change. Physical changes involve a change in the appearance or state of a substance without altering its chemical composition. In the absence of further information about the picture, it is difficult to provide a specific explanation. However, examples of physical changes could include changes in shape, size, or state of matter, such as melting, freezing, or dissolving.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Fossil fuels began forming millions of ________ ago. At the time when it is believed that dinosaurs roamed the ________ , forests of trees fell into swamps and were covered by silt and ________ . They gradually changed into the coal, ________ and natural ________ that we use today. The advantages of using fossil fuels are that they are readily available at the present time and are ________ . They can also be used for many purposes e.g. coal can be ________ in power stations to make ________ and also in homes for ________ . These fossil ________ took millions of years to form, yet humans are using them rapidly in cars, power ________ the disadvantages of fossil fuels is that they will run out, and also that they are ________ .
Correct Answer
years
Earth
mud
oil
gas
cheap
burnt
electricity
heating
fuels
stations, stations
pollutantsExplanation
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, began forming millions of years ago. During that time, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth, trees fell into swamps and were covered by silt and mud. Over time, these organic materials transformed into the fossil fuels that we use today. The advantages of using fossil fuels are that they are readily available, cheap, and can be used for various purposes, such as generating electricity and heating homes. However, the disadvantages are that fossil fuels will eventually run out and they also contribute to pollution as they are burnt in power stations and vehicles.Rate this question:
- 33.
The law of ________ of energy states that energy cannot be ________ or ________, but can only ________ forms. There are many different forms of energy. Potential energy is ________ energy and kinetic energy is the energy of ________. Take for example the motion of a roller coaster on its tracks: at the ________of the loop, the roller coaster has high potential energy. At the ________ of the loop, it has high kinetic energy. If energy is conserved why does the roller coaster eventually slow down and stop at the bottom of the roller? That’s because the force of friction changes the kinetic energy into ________ and ________ energy, especially when the brakes are applied. As the roller coaster moves around the track, its potential and kinetic energy change back and forth.
Correct Answer
conservation
created, destroyed
created, destroyed
change
stored
moving
start
bottom
sound, heat
sound, heatExplanation
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change forms. There are many different forms of energy. Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Take for example the motion of a roller coaster on its tracks: at the start of the loop, the roller coaster has high potential energy. At the bottom of the loop, it has high kinetic energy. If energy is conserved why does the roller coaster eventually slow down and stop at the bottom of the roller? That's because the force of friction changes the kinetic energy into sound and heat energy, especially when the brakes are applied. As the roller coaster moves around the track, its potential and kinetic energy change back and forth.Rate this question:
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