6th Grade Science Chapter 12 Managing Materials In The Body

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1. Which is not one of the 4 major types of blood?

Explanation

The correct answer is "I" because there are only four major blood types, namely A, B, AB, and O. "I" is not a recognized blood type and does not exist in the classification system.

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6th Grade Science Chapter 12 Managing Materials In The Body - Quiz

There are a lot of materials that come into our body but not all of them are beneficial to the functioning of the body. This therefore puts emphasis on the body choosing which materials to keep and which to discard. Take up the quiz below and get to review chapte... see more12 on managing material in the body. All the best! see less

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2. A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood to the body through blood vessels is the _____.

Explanation

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body via blood vessels. It plays a vital role in the circulatory system, ensuring that oxygenated blood is delivered to all the cells and tissues in the body while also removing waste products. The heart's rhythmic contractions allow it to efficiently pump blood, providing the necessary oxygen and nutrients to sustain life.

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3. Two _____ cords, which are folds of connective tissue, stretch across the opening of the larynx. When you speak, muscles make these contract, narrowing the opening as air rushes through. Then the movement of these makes air molecules vibrate, causing a sound – your voice.

Explanation

The correct answer is "vocal, Vocal." The first blank should be filled with the word "vocal" because it refers to the cords that are specifically related to the voice and speaking. The second blank should be filled with the word "Vocal" because it is used to emphasize the importance of these cords in producing sound and creating one's voice.

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4. Match the body part/component with its function:
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5. You breathe all the time because your body cells need oxygen.

Explanation

Breathing is a vital process that supplies oxygen to our body cells. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy. Without oxygen, cells cannot produce energy efficiently, leading to cell death and organ failure. Therefore, it is essential to breathe continuously to ensure a constant supply of oxygen to our body cells, making the statement "True."

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6. Alveoli allow the gas exchange process in the lungs to occur.

Explanation

The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. This gas exchange process is vital for respiration and ensuring that oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues. Therefore, the statement that alveoli allow the gas exchange process in the lungs to occur is true.

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7. The circulatory system links all the parts of the body.

Explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other vital substances throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs and tissues, while the blood vessels carry this blood to every part of the body. This connection between the heart, blood vessels, and organs allows for the efficient distribution of essential substances, making the statement "The circulatory system links all the parts of the body" true.

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8. The large intestine eliminates materials that aren't absorbed.

Explanation

The large intestine, also known as the colon, is responsible for absorbing water, electrolytes, and vitamins from the remaining digested food. It also eliminates waste materials, such as undigested food, fiber, and dead cells, that were not absorbed by the small intestine. Therefore, the statement that the large intestine eliminates materials that aren't absorbed is true.

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9. Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body's internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals.

Explanation

Excretion is the process by which waste products, such as toxins and excess substances, are removed from the body. This is important for maintaining homeostasis, which is the body's ability to regulate its internal environment and keep it stable. By eliminating harmful chemicals, excretion helps prevent the build-up of toxins that could disrupt the body's balance and lead to illness or damage. Therefore, the statement that excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body's internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals is true.

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10. The _____ are the main organs of the respiratory system.

Explanation

The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The lungs consist of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, which help in the process of respiration. When we inhale, the lungs expand and fill with air, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream. When we exhale, the lungs contract and release carbon dioxide. Without the lungs, the body would not be able to receive the oxygen it needs for survival.

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11. By the time material reaches the end of the small intestine, most nutrients have been absorbed. The water and undigested food that is left move from the small intestine into the _____.

Explanation

The small intestine is responsible for absorbing most of the nutrients from the food we eat. By the time the material reaches the end of the small intestine, the majority of these nutrients have already been absorbed. The remaining water and undigested food then move into the large intestine. The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining material, as well as to form and eliminate waste in the form of feces.

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12. _____ is the fluid released by glands in your mouth when you eat. It contains a chemical that can break down starches (carbohydrates) into sugars.

Explanation

Saliva is the fluid released by glands in your mouth when you eat. It contains a chemical that can break down starches (carbohydrates) into sugars.

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13. The _____ is a J-shaped muscular, sac-like, digestive pouch attached to the lower end of the esophagus

Explanation

The stomach is a J-shaped muscular, sac-like, digestive pouch attached to the lower end of the esophagus. It is responsible for storing and breaking down food through the secretion of digestive enzymes and acids.

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14. Which of these is not a kind of blood vessel?

Explanation

Ligaments are not a kind of blood vessel. Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support to joints. Arteries, capillaries, and veins are all types of blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system, transporting blood throughout the body.

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15. Vitamins act as helper molecules in your body's chemical reactions.

Explanation

Vitamins are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in various chemical reactions within the body. They act as coenzymes or cofactors, assisting enzymes in carrying out these reactions. By facilitating these reactions, vitamins help in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as the production of energy and the synthesis of important molecules. Therefore, the statement that vitamins act as helper molecules in the body's chemical reactions is true.

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16. Each enzyme has a specific chemical shape that enables it to speed up only one kind of reaction.

Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They have a specific three-dimensional shape, which includes an active site that fits with a specific substrate. This specific shape allows enzymes to catalyze only one type of reaction, as only a specific substrate can bind to the active site. Therefore, the statement that each enzyme has a specific chemical shape that enables it to speed up only one kind of reaction is true.

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17. When you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm work together, causing air to move into or out of your lungs. This airflow leads to the exchange of gases that occur in your lungs.

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that when you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm contract and relax, causing the volume of your chest cavity to change. This movement allows air to flow into or out of your lungs. As the air enters the lungs, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. This exchange of gases occurs in the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the statement that airflow leads to the exchange of gases in the lungs is true.

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18. The ______________ system collects the wastes that cells produce and removes them from the blood/body.

Explanation

The excretory system is responsible for collecting the wastes produced by cells and eliminating them from the blood and body. This system includes organs such as the kidneys, bladder, and lungs, which filter waste products and toxins from the bloodstream and excrete them through urine, sweat, and exhalation. The circulatory system transports these waste products to the excretory organs, but it is the excretory system that actually removes them from the body. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, while the endocrine system regulates hormone production and secretion.

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19. Absorption takes place before digestion.

Explanation

Absorption actually takes place after digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules, while absorption is the process of taking those molecules into the bloodstream and transporting them to the cells of the body. So, digestion occurs first, followed by absorption.

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20. The _____ is a large, reddish-brown organ that helps with digestion by making bile to break up fat and break down toxins and it also stores excess nutrients until the body is ready to absorb them into the bloodstream.

Explanation

The liver is a vital organ in the body that plays a crucial role in digestion. It produces bile, which helps in the breakdown of fats and detoxification of toxins. Additionally, the liver stores excess nutrients until they are needed by the body for absorption into the bloodstream.

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21. Proteins are made up of small, linked units called _____.

Explanation

Proteins are composed of small units called amino acids, which are linked together to form long chains. These chains then fold and interact with each other to create the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various biological processes in the body.

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22. Match the position of the heart chamber with its name:
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23. Match the type of heart chamber with its function:
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24. The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called _____.

Explanation

The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called digestion. This process involves the breakdown of food through mechanical and chemical processes in the digestive system, allowing the body to absorb and utilize the nutrients for energy and other bodily functions.

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25. Match the word to its definition:
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26. All of the following are components of blood EXCEPT:

Explanation

Chyme is not a component of blood. Chyme refers to the partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine. Plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets are all components of blood.

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27. Another term for the circulatory system is the:

Explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood, nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The term "cardiovascular system" is another name for the circulatory system as it emphasizes the role of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular) in the circulation process. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, the renal system is responsible for filtering waste from the blood, and the immune system is responsible for defending the body against pathogens.

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28. Which of these is NOT part of the circulatory system?

Explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood, blood vessels carry the blood, and blood carries oxygen and nutrients. However, the lungs are not part of the circulatory system. The lungs are part of the respiratory system and are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air.

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29. The process of removing waste is called _____.

Explanation

The process of removing waste from the body is called excretion. This includes the elimination of metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water through various organs and systems such as the lungs, kidneys, and skin. Excretion is an essential function that helps maintain homeostasis and ensures the proper functioning of the body.

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30. The overall pattern of blood flow through the body is similar to a figure 8.

Explanation

The statement is true because blood flows in a continuous loop throughout the body, starting from the heart, passing through the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues, then returning to the heart through the veins to be reoxygenated. This continuous circulation forms a figure 8 pattern, with the heart at the center.

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31. Your body needs small amounts of minerals to carry out chemical processes.

Explanation

Minerals are essential nutrients that are required in small amounts by the body to carry out various chemical processes. These processes include enzyme reactions, hormone production, muscle contraction, and nerve function. Without these minerals, the body would not be able to function properly. Therefore, it is true that the body needs small amounts of minerals to carry out these important chemical processes.

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32. Under normal conditions, you need to take in about ______________ of water every day to stay healthy.

Explanation

Under normal conditions, it is recommended to consume about 2 liters of water every day to maintain a healthy state. This amount helps to replenish the body's water supply, support proper hydration, and facilitate various bodily functions. Water is essential for digestion, circulation, temperature regulation, and the removal of waste products. Consuming an adequate amount of water daily is crucial for overall health and well-being.

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33. All of these are jobs of the digestive system EXCEPT:

Explanation

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. However, it does not send nutrients to vital organs. This is the role of the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, which transport nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body.

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34. _____ is the process of expelling urine from the body.

Explanation

Urination is the process of expelling urine from the body. The repetition of the word "urination" in the answer reinforces the correct response. This repetition emphasizes that urination is indeed the process being described in the question.

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35. The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into and lined with millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called _____, which greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine and help absorption to occur.

Explanation

The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into and lined with millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called villi. These villi greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients.

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36. Match the blood component to its function:
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37. This is what makes up most of an RBC. It is a protein that contains iron and allows an RBC to bind chemically to oxygen molecules in the lungs.

Explanation

Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron and allows red blood cells (RBCs) to chemically bind to oxygen molecules in the lungs. It is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Hemoglobin is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system and is the main component of RBCs. Myoglobin is a similar protein found in muscles that also binds to oxygen, but it is not the correct answer in this context. Enzyme and albumin are not directly involved in the binding and transport of oxygen in RBCs.

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38. This is the unit used to measure the energy and foods:

Explanation

The correct answer is Calorie (C). A Calorie is a unit of measurement used to quantify the energy content in food. It represents the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This unit is commonly used in nutrition to determine the energy value of different foods and to calculate calorie intake and expenditure. The other options listed, such as calorie (c), joule (J), and Newton (N), are also units of measurement but are not specifically used to measure energy in food.

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39. Which of these is NOT one of the 6 types of nutrients that people need?

Explanation

Cholesterols is not one of the 6 types of nutrients that people need. The 6 types of nutrients are fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in the body and in certain foods, but it is not considered a nutrient.

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40. Bile (liver oil) is stored in a sac-like organ called the _____ which squeezes the bile into the small intestine.

Explanation

The correct answer is gallbladder. Bile, which is produced in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder. When needed, the gallbladder contracts and releases the bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.

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41. At the base of the lungs is the _____, a large, dome-shaped muscle.

Explanation

The correct answer is "diaphragm". The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to help control the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.

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42. Most absorption occurs in the:

Explanation

The small intestine is responsible for most absorption because it has a large surface area due to the presence of villi and microvilli. These structures increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Additionally, the small intestine has specialized cells called enterocytes that have brush border enzymes and transporters, which further facilitate the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins.

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43. Your entire digestive system is about _________ long from beginning to end.

Explanation

The correct answer is 9 meters. The digestive system starts from the mouth and ends at the anus. It includes various organs such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These organs are connected through a long tube-like structure called the gastrointestinal tract. The length of the gastrointestinal tract is approximately 9 meters, which is why the correct answer is 9 meters.

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44. Match the structure to its function:
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45. Your _____ clean and filter your blood.

Explanation

The kidneys are responsible for cleaning and filtering the blood in our body. They remove waste products, excess water, and toxins from the bloodstream, helping to maintain a healthy balance of fluids and electrolytes. The kidneys also play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and producing hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells. So, the correct answer is kidneys, kidney.

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46. The release of saliva into your mouth to break down starches and sugars begins the _____ digestion process.

Explanation

When we eat food, our body starts the process of digestion to break down the complex molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used by the body. One of the first steps in digestion is the release of saliva into the mouth. Saliva contains enzymes, such as amylase, which help break down starches and sugars into smaller molecules. This process is known as chemical digestion, as it involves the use of enzymes to chemically break down the food particles.

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47. In mechanical digestion, bits of food are torn or ground into smaller pieces. This kind of digestion occurs mostly in the:

Explanation

In mechanical digestion, the process of tearing or grinding food into smaller pieces occurs. This is primarily done by the action of the teeth in the mouth and the muscular contractions of the stomach. The teeth break down the food into smaller particles during chewing, while the stomach further grinds and churns the food through its muscular movements. Therefore, the correct answer is mouth and stomach.

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48. The _____ is where most chemical digestion and absorption takes place.

Explanation

The small intestine is where most chemical digestion and absorption take place. This is because the small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Overall, the small intestine plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

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49. Match the part of the respiratory system with its definition and/or function:
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50. The __________ is the ONLY part of the respiratory system that is also part of the digestive system.

Explanation

The pharynx is the correct answer because it is the only part of the respiratory system that is also part of the digestive system. The pharynx serves as a common passage for both air and food. It connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx, allowing air to pass through during respiration and food to pass through during swallowing. The larynx, trachea, and cilia are all exclusively part of the respiratory system and do not have any role in the digestive process.

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51. _____, a specific carbohydrate, helps your digestive system function properly however your body can't digest it. 

Explanation

Fiber is a specific carbohydrate that helps your digestive system function properly, but your body cannot digest it.

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52. All of these are different types of fats EXCEPT:

Explanation

The given options are all types of fats except for "multiunsaturated." Multiunsaturated is not a recognized classification of fats. The other options, monounsaturated, trans, saturated, and polyunsaturated, are all well-known types of fats that have different chemical structures and properties.

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53. Water accounts for about ________ of the average healthy person's body weight because it makes up most of the body's fluids, including blood

Explanation

Water accounts for about 65% of the average healthy person's body weight because it makes up most of the body's fluids, including blood. Water is essential for various bodily functions such as transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and removing waste products. It is also a major component of cells, tissues, and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain proper hydration levels to support overall health and well-being.

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54. Proteins in the plasma make it look:

Explanation

The proteins in the plasma give it a pale yellow color.

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55. _____________ provides your body with materials to grow and repair tissues. It also provides energy for everything you do.

Explanation

Food provides your body with materials such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, which are essential for the growth and repair of tissues. These nutrients are broken down during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream, where they are transported to different parts of the body to support tissue growth and repair. Additionally, food also provides energy in the form of calories, which is necessary for carrying out various bodily functions and activities. Therefore, food is crucial for both providing the necessary building blocks for tissue growth and repair, as well as fueling the body's energy needs.

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56. When you get thirsty, an _________________ is released. The hormone signals the kidneys to take water from the nephrons and return it to the bloodstream.

Explanation

When you get thirsty, an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released. This hormone signals the kidneys to take water from the nephrons and return it to the bloodstream.

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57. Nutrients that aren't made by living things are called _____.

Explanation

Nutrients that are not produced by living organisms are known as minerals. Minerals are inorganic substances that are essential for various bodily functions and are obtained through the diet. They play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

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58. _____ is the process by which nutrient molecules pass from your digestive system into your blood.

Explanation

The correct answer is "absorption". Absorption is the process by which nutrient molecules pass from the digestive system into the bloodstream. This allows the nutrients to be transported throughout the body and used for various functions and processes.

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59. Once food undergoes mechanical digestion in the stomach, it enters the small intestine as a thick, soupy liquid called _____.

Explanation

After food goes through the process of mechanical digestion in the stomach, it is transformed into a thick, soupy liquid known as chyme. This occurs due to the mixing of food with gastric juices and the churning actions of the stomach muscles. Chyme is then passed into the small intestine, where further digestion and absorption of nutrients take place.

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60. The small intestine makes up __________ of the length of the digestive system.

Explanation

The small intestine makes up two-thirds of the length of the digestive system. This is because the small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system, measuring about 20 feet in length. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption and plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of food.

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61. The diameter of the small intestine is about:

Explanation

The correct answer is 2 - 3 cm. The small intestine has a diameter ranging from 2 to 3 cm. This is a crucial part of the digestive system where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place. The small intestine is responsible for breaking down food further with the help of enzymes and absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. Its diameter is smaller compared to other parts of the digestive system, such as the large intestine, to allow for more efficient absorption of nutrients.

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62. Waves of involuntary muscle contractions, called _____, push food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive system. 

Explanation

Peristalsis refers to the waves of involuntary muscle contractions that occur in the digestive system, specifically in the esophagus, to push food along the digestive tract. These contractions help to propel the food from the mouth to the stomach and then further through the intestines. Peristalsis ensures that food is moved in one direction, preventing any backward flow.

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63. The epiglottis covers the opening of the __________ to keep food out.

Explanation

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea, or windpipe, to prevent food and liquids from entering the respiratory system. It acts as a protective mechanism, ensuring that food goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, while air passes through the trachea and into the lungs.

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64. If particles irritate the trachea, you _____, sending the particles back into the air.

Explanation

When particles irritate the trachea, the body's natural response is to cough. Coughing helps to expel the irritants from the airway, preventing them from causing further irritation or damage. By forcefully exhaling air, the particles are pushed out of the trachea and back into the air, providing relief and allowing the person to breathe more easily.

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65. Match the type of blood vessel with its description:
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66. Your lungs can absorb a large amount of oxygen because of the large surface area of the alveoli. An adults lungs have about ______________ alveoli.

Explanation

The correct answer is 300 million. The large surface area of the alveoli in the lungs allows for efficient absorption of oxygen. This high number of alveoli provides a large surface area for oxygen exchange, enabling the lungs to absorb a significant amount of oxygen.

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67. Atherosclerosis happens when _____________ builds up inside of the blood vessels. It is also a major cause of heart disease.

Explanation

Atherosclerosis occurs when cholesterol builds up inside the blood vessels, leading to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries. This buildup of cholesterol, along with other substances like fat and cellular waste, forms plaque, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease.

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68. _____ makes RBCs bright red. Without it, the cells are dark red.

Explanation

Oxygen is responsible for making red blood cells (RBCs) bright red. When RBCs are exposed to oxygen, they bind to it and form oxyhemoglobin, which gives the cells their bright red color. Without oxygen, RBCs appear dark red. This is because deoxygenated hemoglobin is darker in color compared to oxyhemoglobin. Therefore, the presence of oxygen is essential for RBCs to appear bright red.

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69. ____________ are the substances in foods that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its processes.

Explanation

Nutrients are the substances in foods that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its processes. They are essential for growth, development, and maintenance of the body. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, vitamins, and molecules are specific types of nutrients, but the term "nutrients" encompasses all these substances. Therefore, the correct answer is "Nutrients".

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70. The _____ is where most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occur.

Explanation

The stomach is where most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occur. It has strong muscular walls that contract and mix food with digestive enzymes and stomach acid, breaking it down into smaller particles. This mechanical digestion physically breaks down the food, while the stomach acid and enzymes chemically break down proteins. Overall, the stomach plays a crucial role in the initial stages of digestion.

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71. An example of a diuretic is:

Explanation

Caffeine is an example of a diuretic because it acts as a stimulant to the kidneys, increasing urine production and promoting the excretion of water from the body. Diuretics are substances that increase urine output, helping to remove excess fluid and reduce swelling. Caffeine is commonly found in beverages such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, and its diuretic properties can lead to increased frequency of urination.

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72. _____ is a two-part process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation

The given answer is correct because respiration is indeed a two-part process in which a body takes in oxygen and uses it to release carbon dioxide and water. Respiration occurs in living organisms as a means of obtaining energy from the breakdown of food molecules. Oxygen is taken in through the respiratory system and transported to cells, where it is used in cellular respiration to produce energy. As a result of this process, carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products and are eliminated from the body.

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73. Landsteiner discovered a protein on RBCs that he called the _____ factor.

Explanation

Landsteiner discovered a protein on RBCs that he called the Rh factor. The Rh factor refers to a specific antigen that is found on the surface of red blood cells. It was named after Landsteiner's discovery and plays a significant role in blood typing and compatibility for blood transfusions. The variations in the Rh factor are represented by the combinations of uppercase and lowercase letters in the answer choices.

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74. No more than 30% of your daily Calories should come from _____.

Explanation

The correct answer is fat, fats, Fat, Fats. This is because consuming too much fat can lead to weight gain and other health problems. It is recommended to limit fat intake to no more than 30% of daily calories to maintain a balanced and healthy diet.

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75. A _____ is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward.

Explanation

A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward. Valves are found in various parts of the body, such as the heart and veins, and their main function is to ensure that blood flows in one direction only. When the heart contracts, the valve opens, allowing blood to flow forward, and when the heart relaxes, the valve closes, preventing blood from flowing backward. This mechanism helps maintain the proper circulation of blood throughout the body, ensuring efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues.

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76. Simple carbohydrates, called _____, can give you a quick burst of energy. 

Explanation

Simple carbohydrates, such as sugars, can provide a rapid increase in energy levels. These carbohydrates are quickly broken down and absorbed by the body, leading to a quick release of glucose into the bloodstream. This sudden increase in blood sugar levels provides a temporary burst of energy.

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77. Minerals do not provide your body with raw materials and energy.

Explanation

Minerals do not provide raw materials and energy to the body. While minerals are essential for various bodily functions and processes, such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining fluid balance, they do not directly provide raw materials or energy. Raw materials and energy are typically obtained from macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Minerals, on the other hand, are micronutrients that are required in smaller quantities for optimal health and functioning of the body.

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78. _____ is the most important nutrient required by all the body's vital processes.

Explanation

Water is the most important nutrient required by all the body's vital processes. It is essential for various bodily functions such as digestion, absorption, circulation, and temperature regulation. Water is involved in the transportation of nutrients and oxygen to cells, removal of waste products, lubrication of joints, and maintenance of electrolyte balance. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. Without an adequate intake of water, the body cannot function optimally, leading to dehydration and various health problems.

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79. A ____________ makes the body expel (release) more liquid. It causes the kidneys to make more urine, which decreases the amount of water and the blood.

Explanation

A diuretic is a substance that increases urine production in the body. It works by stimulating the kidneys to remove more water from the blood, resulting in increased urine output. This process helps to decrease the amount of water in the body and in the blood.

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80. Urea is produced in the:

Explanation

Urea is produced in the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in the metabolism of proteins and amino acids. When proteins are broken down in the liver, ammonia is produced as a byproduct. The liver then converts this toxic ammonia into urea through a process called the urea cycle. Urea is then transported to the kidneys where it is excreted in urine. Therefore, the liver is responsible for the production of urea in the body.

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81. Blood types are determined by marker molecules on _____________ .

Explanation

Blood types are determined by marker molecules on red blood cells (RBCs). These marker molecules, known as antigens, are specific to each blood type and play a crucial role in the compatibility of blood transfusions. The presence or absence of certain antigens on RBCs determines whether a person has blood type A, B, AB, or O. Therefore, the correct answer is RBCs.

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82. All of these are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT:

Explanation

The circulatory system is responsible for delivering materials, removing wastes, regulating body temperature, and fighting disease. However, it does not produce fluids that aid in digestion. This function is primarily carried out by the digestive system, which includes organs such as the stomach, liver, and pancreas. The circulatory system and digestive system work together to transport nutrients absorbed by the digestive system to various parts of the body.

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83. All of these are part of the excretory system EXCEPT:

Explanation

The heart is not part of the excretory system. The excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body, such as urine and carbon dioxide. The kidneys, urethra, ureters, lungs, urinary bladder, skin, and liver all play a role in excretion, but the heart's main function is to pump blood throughout the body. It is not directly involved in the excretion of waste materials.

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84. An _____ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. It is the chemical substance in saliva that digests starch.

Explanation

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions in the body. They play a crucial role in digestion by breaking down complex molecules into simpler forms. In this case, the enzyme present in saliva is responsible for digesting starch, converting it into smaller sugar molecules. The answer "enzyme, Enzyme" accurately describes this protein's function without redundancy.

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85. The _____ is an organ located between the stomach and small intestine. It makes fluids (enzymes and mucus) that protect the small intestine from the acid in chyme.

Explanation

The pancreas is an organ located between the stomach and small intestine. It produces fluids such as enzymes and mucus that help protect the small intestine from the acidic chyme.

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86. As the material moves through the large intestine, _____ is absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining material is readied for elimination from the body.

Explanation

As the material moves through the large intestine, water is absorbed into the bloodstream. This is because the large intestine's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining undigested material. The absorption of water in the large intestine helps to maintain the body's hydration levels and prevents excessive water loss through feces. The remaining material after water absorption is then prepared for elimination from the body as waste.

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87. _____ is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins and is excreted from the body daily.

Explanation

Urea is a chemical that is formed in the liver as a result of the breakdown of proteins. It is then transported to the kidneys where it is excreted from the body through urine. Urea is a waste product that is produced continuously as part of normal metabolism and is necessary for the body to eliminate nitrogenous waste. Therefore, it is correct to say that urea is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins and is excreted from the body daily.

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88. What is the normal path of air flow through the respiratory system?

Explanation

The correct answer is pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli. This is the normal path of air flow through the respiratory system, starting from the pharynx (throat), then moving through the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi (tubes that branch off from the trachea), bronchioles (smaller branches of the bronchi), and finally reaching the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs).

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89. What is the percentage makeup of blood?

Explanation

Blood is composed of both cells and plasma. Cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, make up a certain percentage of the blood. Plasma, on the other hand, is the liquid component of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products. The correct answer states that blood is made up of 45% cells and 55% plasma, indicating that cells make up a smaller percentage compared to plasma.

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90. It takes each of your meals approximately ________ to make the journey through your entire digestive system.

Explanation

The correct answer is 24 hours. This is because the digestive system starts breaking down food as soon as it enters the mouth and continues to do so as it moves through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and finally, the rectum. This process takes approximately 24 hours for a complete journey from ingestion to elimination.

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91. _____ are complex carbohydrates that can provide long-term energy as they break down into simple carbohydrates.

Explanation

Starch and starches are complex carbohydrates that can provide long-term energy as they break down into simple carbohydrates. These molecules are made up of long chains of glucose units, which are gradually broken down by enzymes in the body to release energy. Starch is commonly found in foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread, and is an important source of energy in the human diet. The inclusion of both "starch" and "starches" in the answer options suggests that the question is looking for a plural form of the word, indicating that multiple types or sources of starch can provide long-term energy.

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92. Match the type of tooth with its function:
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93. Match the tissue/organ with its function.
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94. Digestive _____ is a fluid produced by cells that line the stomach. It contains the enzyme _____ that chemically digests proteins into short chains of amino acids.

Explanation

The fluid produced by cells that line the stomach is called digestive juice. This juice contains the enzyme pepsin, which is responsible for chemically digesting proteins into short chains of amino acids. Pepsin breaks down the proteins present in food, allowing for better absorption and utilization of amino acids by the body.

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95. The heart has a right side and left side that are completely separated by a wall of tissue called the _____.

Explanation

The heart is divided into two sides, the right side and the left side. These sides are completely separated by a wall of tissue called the septum. The septum ensures that oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart does not mix with oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart, allowing for efficient oxygenation of the body.

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96. Vitamins provide the body with raw materials and energy.

Explanation

Vitamins do not provide the body with raw materials and energy. While they are essential for overall health and proper bodily functions, vitamins do not directly supply the body with calories or serve as a source of energy. Raw materials and energy are primarily obtained from macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Vitamins, on the other hand, play a crucial role in supporting various physiological processes, such as metabolism and cell function.

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97. In chemical digestion, chemicals break foods into their building blocks. This takes place in many parts of the digestive system but primarily in the:

Explanation

Chemical digestion is the process in which chemicals break down food into their smaller components. This process occurs in various parts of the digestive system, but it primarily takes place in the mouth and small intestine. In the mouth, enzymes like amylase start breaking down carbohydrates, while in the small intestine, bile and enzymes from the pancreas further break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The mouth and small intestine play crucial roles in chemical digestion by breaking food into its building blocks, facilitating nutrient absorption and digestion.

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98. Plasma is composed of:

Explanation

The correct answer is 91% water, 7% proteins, 2% nutrients (sugars, lipids, etc.). This is because plasma is the liquid component of blood and is mostly composed of water. Proteins make up a small percentage of plasma and are important for various functions such as transporting molecules and maintaining osmotic balance. Nutrients, including sugars and lipids, are also present in plasma but in a smaller proportion compared to water and proteins.

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99. As your liver filters your blood, it regulates the amount of water in your body, helping to maintain homeostasis, or internal stability.

Explanation

The liver does not directly regulate the amount of water in the body. Instead, the regulation of water balance is primarily controlled by the kidneys through the process of urine production. The liver plays a role in maintaining overall homeostasis by performing various functions such as detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients, but it does not directly regulate water balance.

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100. Two wastes that your body must eliminate every day are:

Explanation

The body eliminates excess water through processes like urination and sweating. Urea, on the other hand, is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins and is excreted through urine. Therefore, excess water and urea are the two wastes that the body must eliminate every day.

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101. Air moves from the trachea into the left and the right _____. These 2 passages take air into the lungs.

Explanation

Air moves from the trachea into the left and the right bronchi. These two passages, known as bronchi, are responsible for taking air into the lungs. The bronchi are the main branches of the respiratory system that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.

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102. In the 2nd loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart throughout the body (except the lungs) and then back to the heart. This is called _____ circulation.

Explanation

In the 2nd loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart throughout the body (except the lungs) and then back to the heart. This type of circulation is known as systemic circulation.

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103. Breathing is only one part of respiration. The 2nd part of respiration is _______________________, which involves cells breaking down glucose (sugar) releasing energy from food.

Explanation

The correct answer is cellular respiration. Respiration is a process that involves two parts: breathing and cellular respiration. Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling, while cellular respiration is the biochemical process that occurs within cells. During cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and release energy from food. This process is essential for providing energy to cells and is different from photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain internal stability, while gas exchange is the process of exchanging gases (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment.

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104. The _____ system is the group of organs and tissues that collects excess fluid and returns it to your blood. It also helps to prevent or fight off infection.

Explanation

The lymphatic system is responsible for collecting excess fluid from the body's tissues and returning it to the bloodstream. It also plays a crucial role in the immune system, helping to prevent and fight off infections.

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105. The _____ is a group of cells in the right atrium that sends out signals that regulate heart rate. These signals make the heart muscles contract, causing the heart to beat.

Explanation

The pacemaker, also known as the pace maker, is a group of cells located in the right atrium of the heart. It is responsible for generating electrical signals that regulate the heart rate. These signals stimulate the heart muscles to contract, resulting in the heartbeat.

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106. In the 1st loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. This is called _____ circulation.

Explanation

In the 1st loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. This is known as pulmonary circulation.

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107. Substances (bile and enzymes) produced by these organs and the lining of the small intestine help to complete chemical digestion: _____ and _____.

Explanation

The substances produced by the liver and pancreas, as well as the lining of the small intestine, play a crucial role in completing chemical digestion. The liver produces bile, which helps in the breakdown and absorption of fats. The pancreas produces enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and protease, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. These substances are released into the small intestine where they mix with the partially digested food to further break it down and facilitate nutrient absorption.

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Which is not one of the 4 major types of blood?
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood to the body through blood...
Two _____ cords, which are folds of connective tissue, stretch across...
Match the body part/component with its function:
You breathe all the time because your body cells need oxygen.
Alveoli allow the gas exchange process in the lungs to occur.
The circulatory system links all the parts of the body.
The large intestine eliminates materials that aren't absorbed.
Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body's...
The _____ are the main organs of the respiratory system.
By the time material reaches the end of the small intestine, most...
_____ is the fluid released by glands in your mouth when you eat. It...
The _____ is a J-shaped muscular, sac-like, digestive pouch attached...
Which of these is not a kind of blood vessel?
Vitamins act as helper molecules in your body's chemical...
Each enzyme has a specific chemical shape that enables it to speed up...
When you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm work together,...
The ______________ system collects the wastes that cells produce and...
Absorption takes place before digestion.
The _____ is a large, reddish-brown organ that helps with digestion by...
Proteins are made up of small, linked units called _____.
Match the position of the heart chamber with its name:
Match the type of heart chamber with its function:
The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient...
Match the word to its definition:
All of the following are components of blood EXCEPT:
Another term for the circulatory system is the:
Which of these is NOT part of the circulatory system?
The process of removing waste is called _____.
The overall pattern of blood flow through the body is similar to a...
Your body needs small amounts of minerals to carry out chemical...
Under normal conditions, you need to take in about ______________ of...
All of these are jobs of the digestive system EXCEPT:
_____ is the process of expelling urine from the body.
The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into and lined with...
Match the blood component to its function:
This is what makes up most of an RBC. It is a protein that contains...
This is the unit used to measure the energy and foods:
Which of these is NOT one of the 6 types of nutrients that people...
Bile (liver oil) is stored in a sac-like organ called the _____ which...
At the base of the lungs is the _____, a large, dome-shaped muscle.
Most absorption occurs in the:
Your entire digestive system is about _________ long from beginning to...
Match the structure to its function:
Your _____ clean and filter your blood.
The release of saliva into your mouth to break down starches and...
In mechanical digestion, bits of food are torn or ground into smaller...
The _____ is where most chemical digestion and absorption takes place.
Match the part of the respiratory system with its definition and/or...
The __________ is the ONLY part of the respiratory system that is also...
_____, a specific carbohydrate, helps your digestive system function...
All of these are different types of fats EXCEPT:
Water accounts for about ________ of the average healthy person's...
Proteins in the plasma make it look:
_____________ provides your body with materials to grow and repair...
When you get thirsty, an _________________ is released. The hormone...
Nutrients that aren't made by living things are called _____.
_____ is the process by which nutrient molecules pass from your...
Once food undergoes mechanical digestion in the stomach, it enters the...
The small intestine makes up __________ of the length of the digestive...
The diameter of the small intestine is about:
Waves of involuntary muscle contractions, called _____, push food...
The epiglottis covers the opening of the __________ to keep food out.
If particles irritate the trachea, you _____, sending the particles...
Match the type of blood vessel with its description:
Your lungs can absorb a large amount of oxygen because of the large...
Atherosclerosis happens when _____________ builds up inside of the...
_____ makes RBCs bright red. Without it, the cells are dark red.
____________ are the substances in foods that provide the raw...
The _____ is where most mechanical digestion and some chemical...
An example of a diuretic is:
_____ is a two-part process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and...
Landsteiner discovered a protein on RBCs that he called the _____...
No more than 30% of your daily Calories should come from _____.
A _____ is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward.
Simple carbohydrates, called _____, can give you a quick burst of...
Minerals do not provide your body with raw materials and energy.
_____ is the most important nutrient required by all the body's...
A ____________ makes the body expel (release) more liquid. It causes...
Urea is produced in the:
Blood types are determined by marker molecules on _____________ .
All of these are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT:
All of these are part of the excretory system EXCEPT:
An _____ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body....
The _____ is an organ located between the stomach and small intestine....
As the material moves through the large intestine, _____ is absorbed...
_____ is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins and is...
What is the normal path of air flow through the respiratory system?
What is the percentage makeup of blood?
It takes each of your meals approximately ________ to make the journey...
_____ are complex carbohydrates that can provide long-term energy as...
Match the type of tooth with its function:
Match the tissue/organ with its function.
Digestive _____ is a fluid produced by cells that line the stomach. It...
The heart has a right side and left side that are completely separated...
Vitamins provide the body with raw materials and energy.
In chemical digestion, chemicals break foods into their building...
Plasma is composed of:
As your liver filters your blood, it regulates the amount of water in...
Two wastes that your body must eliminate every day are:
Air moves from the trachea into the left and the right _____. These 2...
In the 2nd loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart...
Breathing is only one part of respiration. The 2nd part of respiration...
The _____ system is the group of organs and tissues that collects...
The _____ is a group of cells in the right atrium that sends out...
In the 1st loop of circulation, blood travels from the heart to the...
Substances (bile and enzymes) produced by these organs and the lining...
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