2.
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood to the body through blood vessels is the ________.
Explanation
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body via blood vessels. It plays a vital role in the circulatory system, ensuring that oxygenated blood is delivered to all the cells and tissues in the body while also removing waste products. The heart's rhythmic contractions allow it to efficiently pump blood, providing the necessary oxygen and nutrients to sustain life.
3.
Which is not one of the 4 major types of blood?
Explanation
The correct answer is "I" because there are only four major blood types, namely A, B, AB, and O. "I" is not a recognized blood type and does not exist in the classification system.
4.
You breathe all the time because your body cells need oxygen.
Explanation
Breathing is a vital process that supplies oxygen to our body cells. Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy. Without oxygen, cells cannot produce energy efficiently, leading to cell death and organ failure. Therefore, it is essential to breathe continuously to ensure a constant supply of oxygen to our body cells, making the statement "True."
5.
Two ________ cords, which are folds of connective tissue, stretch across the opening of the larynx. When you speak, muscles make these contract, narrowing the opening as air rushes through. Then the movement of these makes air molecules vibrate, causing a sound – your voice.
Correct Answer
vocal, Vocal
Explanation
The correct answer is "vocal, Vocal." The first blank should be filled with the word "vocal" because it refers to the cords that are specifically related to the voice and speaking. The second blank should be filled with the word "Vocal" because it is used to emphasize the importance of these cords in producing sound and creating one's voice.
6.
The large intestine eliminates materials that aren't absorbed.
Explanation
The large intestine, also known as the colon, is responsible for absorbing water, electrolytes, and vitamins from the remaining digested food. It also eliminates waste materials, such as undigested food, fiber, and dead cells, that were not absorbed by the small intestine. Therefore, the statement that the large intestine eliminates materials that aren't absorbed is true.
7.
The circulatory system links all the parts of the body.
Explanation
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other vital substances throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs and tissues, while the blood vessels carry this blood to every part of the body. This connection between the heart, blood vessels, and organs allows for the efficient distribution of essential substances, making the statement "The circulatory system links all the parts of the body" true.
8.
Alveoli allow the gas exchange process in the lungs to occur.
Explanation
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the alveoli, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. This gas exchange process is vital for respiration and ensuring that oxygen is delivered to the body's tissues. Therefore, the statement that alveoli allow the gas exchange process in the lungs to occur is true.
9.
Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body's internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals.
Explanation
Excretion is the process by which waste products, such as toxins and excess substances, are removed from the body. This is important for maintaining homeostasis, which is the body's ability to regulate its internal environment and keep it stable. By eliminating harmful chemicals, excretion helps prevent the build-up of toxins that could disrupt the body's balance and lead to illness or damage. Therefore, the statement that excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body's internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals is true.
10.
________ is the fluid released by glands in your mouth when you eat. It contains a chemical that can break down starches (carbohydrates) into sugars.
Correct Answer
Saliva, saliva
Explanation
Saliva is the fluid released by glands in your mouth when you eat. It contains a chemical that can break down starches (carbohydrates) into sugars.
11.
The ________ is a J-shaped muscular, sac-like, digestive pouch attached to the lower end of the esophagus
Correct Answer
stomach, Stomach
Explanation
The stomach is a J-shaped muscular, sac-like, digestive pouch attached to the lower end of the esophagus. It is responsible for storing and breaking down food through the secretion of digestive enzymes and acids.
12.
By the time material reaches the end of the small intestine, most nutrients have been absorbed. The water and undigested food that is left move from the small intestine into the ________.
Correct Answer
large intestine
Explanation
The small intestine is responsible for absorbing most of the nutrients from the food we eat. By the time the material reaches the end of the small intestine, the majority of these nutrients have already been absorbed. The remaining water and undigested food then move into the large intestine. The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining material, as well as to form and eliminate waste in the form of feces.
13.
The ________ are the main organs of the respiratory system.
Correct Answer
lungs, Lungs
Explanation
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The lungs consist of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, which help in the process of respiration. When we inhale, the lungs expand and fill with air, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream. When we exhale, the lungs contract and release carbon dioxide. Without the lungs, the body would not be able to receive the oxygen it needs for survival.
14.
Vitamins act as helper molecules in your body's chemical reactions.
Explanation
Vitamins are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in various chemical reactions within the body. They act as coenzymes or cofactors, assisting enzymes in carrying out these reactions. By facilitating these reactions, vitamins help in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as the production of energy and the synthesis of important molecules. Therefore, the statement that vitamins act as helper molecules in the body's chemical reactions is true.
15.
Which of these is not a kind of blood vessel?
Correct Answer
A. Ligaments
Explanation
Ligaments are not a kind of blood vessel. Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, providing stability and support to joints. Arteries, capillaries, and veins are all types of blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system, transporting blood throughout the body.
16.
Absorption takes place before digestion.
Explanation
Absorption actually takes place after digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules, while absorption is the process of taking those molecules into the bloodstream and transporting them to the cells of the body. So, digestion occurs first, followed by absorption.
17.
Each enzyme has a specific chemical shape that enables it to speed up only one kind of reaction.
Explanation
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They have a specific three-dimensional shape, which includes an active site that fits with a specific substrate. This specific shape allows enzymes to catalyze only one type of reaction, as only a specific substrate can bind to the active site. Therefore, the statement that each enzyme has a specific chemical shape that enables it to speed up only one kind of reaction is true.
18.
When you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm work together, causing air to move into or out of your lungs. This airflow leads to the exchange of gases that occur in your lungs.
Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that when you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm contract and relax, causing the volume of your chest cavity to change. This movement allows air to flow into or out of your lungs. As the air enters the lungs, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. This exchange of gases occurs in the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the statement that airflow leads to the exchange of gases in the lungs is true.
19.
The ______________ system collects the wastes that cells produce and removes them from the blood/body.
Correct Answer
A. Excretory
Explanation
The excretory system is responsible for collecting the wastes produced by cells and eliminating them from the blood and body. This system includes organs such as the kidneys, bladder, and lungs, which filter waste products and toxins from the bloodstream and excrete them through urine, sweat, and exhalation. The circulatory system transports these waste products to the excretory organs, but it is the excretory system that actually removes them from the body. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, while the endocrine system regulates hormone production and secretion.
20.
Proteins are made up of small, linked units called ________.
Correct Answer
amino acids, Amino acids
Explanation
Proteins are composed of small units called amino acids, which are linked together to form long chains. These chains then fold and interact with each other to create the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various biological processes in the body.
21.
The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called ________.
Correct Answer
digestion, Digestion
Explanation
The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called digestion. This process involves the breakdown of food through mechanical and chemical processes in the digestive system, allowing the body to absorb and utilize the nutrients for energy and other bodily functions.
22.
The ________ is a large, reddish-brown organ that helps with digestion by making bile to break up fat and break down toxins and it also stores excess nutrients until the body is ready to absorb them into the bloodstream.
Correct Answer
liver
Explanation
The liver is a vital organ in the body that plays a crucial role in digestion. It produces bile, which helps in the breakdown of fats and detoxification of toxins. Additionally, the liver stores excess nutrients until they are needed by the body for absorption into the bloodstream.
23.
Another term for the circulatory system is the:
Correct Answer
A. Cardiovascular system
Explanation
The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood, nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The term "cardiovascular system" is another name for the circulatory system as it emphasizes the role of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular) in the circulation process. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, the renal system is responsible for filtering waste from the blood, and the immune system is responsible for defending the body against pathogens.
24.
Which of these is NOT part of the circulatory system?
Explanation
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood, blood vessels carry the blood, and blood carries oxygen and nutrients. However, the lungs are not part of the circulatory system. The lungs are part of the respiratory system and are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air.
25.
The overall pattern of blood flow through the body is similar to a figure 8.
Explanation
The statement is true because blood flows in a continuous loop throughout the body, starting from the heart, passing through the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues, then returning to the heart through the veins to be reoxygenated. This continuous circulation forms a figure 8 pattern, with the heart at the center.
26.
All of the following are components of blood EXCEPT:
Explanation
Chyme is not a component of blood. Chyme refers to the partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine. Plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets are all components of blood.
27.
The process of removing waste is called ________.
Correct Answer
excretion, Excretion
Explanation
The process of removing waste from the body is called excretion. This includes the elimination of metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water through various organs and systems such as the lungs, kidneys, and skin. Excretion is an essential function that helps maintain homeostasis and ensures the proper functioning of the body.
28.
Your body needs small amounts of minerals to carry out chemical processes.
Explanation
Minerals are essential nutrients that are required in small amounts by the body to carry out various chemical processes. These processes include enzyme reactions, hormone production, muscle contraction, and nerve function. Without these minerals, the body would not be able to function properly. Therefore, it is true that the body needs small amounts of minerals to carry out these important chemical processes.
29.
Under normal conditions, you need to take in about ______________ of water every day to stay healthy.
Correct Answer
A. 2 liters
Explanation
Under normal conditions, it is recommended to consume about 2 liters of water every day to maintain a healthy state. This amount helps to replenish the body's water supply, support proper hydration, and facilitate various bodily functions. Water is essential for digestion, circulation, temperature regulation, and the removal of waste products. Consuming an adequate amount of water daily is crucial for overall health and well-being.
30.
All of these are jobs of the digestive system EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Sends nutrients to vital organs
Explanation
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. However, it does not send nutrients to vital organs. This is the role of the circulatory system, specifically the blood vessels, which transport nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body.
31.
The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into and lined with millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called ________, which greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine and help absorption to occur.
Correct Answer
villi, vili
Explanation
The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into and lined with millions of tiny finger-shaped structures called villi. These villi greatly increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients.
32.
________ is the process of expelling urine from the body.
Correct Answer
Urination, urination
Explanation
Urination is the process of expelling urine from the body. The repetition of the word "urination" in the answer reinforces the correct response. This repetition emphasizes that urination is indeed the process being described in the question.
33.
This is the unit used to measure the energy and foods:
Correct Answer
A. Calorie (C)
Explanation
The correct answer is Calorie (C). A Calorie is a unit of measurement used to quantify the energy content in food. It represents the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This unit is commonly used in nutrition to determine the energy value of different foods and to calculate calorie intake and expenditure. The other options listed, such as calorie (c), joule (J), and Newton (N), are also units of measurement but are not specifically used to measure energy in food.
34.
Which of these is NOT one of the 6 types of nutrients that people need?
Correct Answer
A. Cholesterols
Explanation
Cholesterols is not one of the 6 types of nutrients that people need. The 6 types of nutrients are fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in the body and in certain foods, but it is not considered a nutrient.
35.
This is what makes up most of an RBC. It is a protein that contains iron and allows an RBC to bind chemically to oxygen molecules in the lungs.
Correct Answer
A. Hemoglobin
Explanation
Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron and allows red blood cells (RBCs) to chemically bind to oxygen molecules in the lungs. It is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Hemoglobin is essential for the proper functioning of the circulatory system and is the main component of RBCs. Myoglobin is a similar protein found in muscles that also binds to oxygen, but it is not the correct answer in this context. Enzyme and albumin are not directly involved in the binding and transport of oxygen in RBCs.
36.
Your entire digestive system is about _________ long from beginning to end.
Correct Answer
A. 9 meters
Explanation
The correct answer is 9 meters. The digestive system starts from the mouth and ends at the anus. It includes various organs such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. These organs are connected through a long tube-like structure called the gastrointestinal tract. The length of the gastrointestinal tract is approximately 9 meters, which is why the correct answer is 9 meters.
37.
Most absorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer
A. Small intestine
Explanation
The small intestine is responsible for most absorption because it has a large surface area due to the presence of villi and microvilli. These structures increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Additionally, the small intestine has specialized cells called enterocytes that have brush border enzymes and transporters, which further facilitate the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins.
38.
Bile (liver oil) is stored in a sac-like organ called the ________ which squeezes the bile into the small intestine.
Correct Answer
gallbladder, gall bladder, galbladder
Explanation
The correct answer is gallbladder. Bile, which is produced in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder. When needed, the gallbladder contracts and releases the bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.
39.
At the base of the lungs is the ________, a large, dome-shaped muscle.
Correct Answer
diaphragm, Diaphragm, diaphram, diafram, diafragm
Explanation
The correct answer is "diaphragm". The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs. It plays a crucial role in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing to help control the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs.
40.
Your ________ clean and filter your blood.
Correct Answer
kidneys, kidney
Explanation
The kidneys are responsible for cleaning and filtering the blood in our body. They remove waste products, excess water, and toxins from the bloodstream, helping to maintain a healthy balance of fluids and electrolytes. The kidneys also play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and producing hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells. So, the correct answer is kidneys, kidney.
41.
The release of saliva into your mouth to break down starches and sugars begins the ________ digestion process.
Correct Answer
chemical, Chemical
Explanation
When we eat food, our body starts the process of digestion to break down the complex molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used by the body. One of the first steps in digestion is the release of saliva into the mouth. Saliva contains enzymes, such as amylase, which help break down starches and sugars into smaller molecules. This process is known as chemical digestion, as it involves the use of enzymes to chemically break down the food particles.
42.
In mechanical digestion, bits of food are torn or ground into smaller pieces. This kind of digestion occurs mostly in the:
Correct Answer
A. Mouth and stomach
Explanation
In mechanical digestion, the process of tearing or grinding food into smaller pieces occurs. This is primarily done by the action of the teeth in the mouth and the muscular contractions of the stomach. The teeth break down the food into smaller particles during chewing, while the stomach further grinds and churns the food through its muscular movements. Therefore, the correct answer is mouth and stomach.
43.
The ________ is where most chemical digestion and absorption takes place.
Correct Answer
small intestine
Explanation
The small intestine is where most chemical digestion and absorption take place. This is because the small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Overall, the small intestine plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.
44.
_____________ provides your body with materials to grow and repair tissues. It also provides energy for everything you do.
Explanation
Food provides your body with materials such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, which are essential for the growth and repair of tissues. These nutrients are broken down during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream, where they are transported to different parts of the body to support tissue growth and repair. Additionally, food also provides energy in the form of calories, which is necessary for carrying out various bodily functions and activities. Therefore, food is crucial for both providing the necessary building blocks for tissue growth and repair, as well as fueling the body's energy needs.
45.
________, a specific carbohydrate, helps your digestive system function properly however your body can't digest it.
Correct Answer
Fiber, fiber
Explanation
Fiber is a specific carbohydrate that helps your digestive system function properly, but your body cannot digest it.
46.
All of these are different types of fats EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Multiunsaturated
Explanation
The given options are all types of fats except for "multiunsaturated." Multiunsaturated is not a recognized classification of fats. The other options, monounsaturated, trans, saturated, and polyunsaturated, are all well-known types of fats that have different chemical structures and properties.
47.
Water accounts for about ________ of the average healthy person's body weight because it makes up most of the body's fluids, including blood
Explanation
Water accounts for about 65% of the average healthy person's body weight because it makes up most of the body's fluids, including blood. Water is essential for various bodily functions such as transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and removing waste products. It is also a major component of cells, tissues, and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain proper hydration levels to support overall health and well-being.
48.
Proteins in the plasma make it look:
Correct Answer
A. Pale yellow
Explanation
The proteins in the plasma give it a pale yellow color.
49.
The __________ is the ONLY part of the respiratory system that is also part of the digestive system.
Correct Answer
A. Pharynx
Explanation
The pharynx is the correct answer because it is the only part of the respiratory system that is also part of the digestive system. The pharynx serves as a common passage for both air and food. It connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx, allowing air to pass through during respiration and food to pass through during swallowing. The larynx, trachea, and cilia are all exclusively part of the respiratory system and do not have any role in the digestive process.